Brief History of Architecture in the Philippines PDF

PRELIM PROFPRAC 2 1974: Constitution and By-Laws approved; UAP officially formed. Brief History of the practice of 1575: UAP became the first accredited Architecture in the Philippines profession...

PRELIM PROFPRAC 2 1974: Constitution and By-Laws approved; UAP officially formed. Brief History of the practice of 1575: UAP became the first accredited Architecture in the Philippines professional organization for architects in the Philippines. Spanish Era Architecture UAP's International Recognition Architecture during the Spanish era was not 1976: UAP recognized by the Union practiced through academic titles. Only Internationale des Architectes (UIA) Spaniards had formal education. Filipinos 1979: Founding member of ARCASIA and could become Maestro de Obras (Master AAPH ASEAN Association for Planning and Builder). Housing) No Academic Titles: Architects were 1981: Developed the "International Code mostly Spaniards with formal education of Ethics on Consulting Services.” Maestro de Obras: The closest title Filipinos could achieve involved in building The UAP's Legacy and Ongoing design and construction. Influence Current Membership: Over 50,000 Felix Roxas y Arroyo members across three strategic areas in the -from Binondo, Manila, is recognized as the Philippines first Filipino architect His contributions Modern Influence: Continued Involvement marked the beginning of Filipino in urban planning and architecture participation In the architecture profession education. Educational Developments THE VIRTUES OF AN ARCHITECT The first school to train Maestros de Obras "May the Architect be high-minded; was the Escuela Practica y Profesional not arrogant, but faithful; de Artes y Oficio de Manila (1880). Just, and easy to deal with, Liceo de Manila: Established in 1900, without avarice; offering academic titles for Maestros de Not let his mind be occupied In receiving Obras. gifts, But let him preserve his good name with dignity…” Formation of Architectural Associations Early Architectural Organizations Code of Ethical Conduct League of Philippine Architects (LPA) Association of Philippine Government THE ARCHITECT'S CODE OF ETHICS Architects (APGA) I shall work with this general objective -that PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF my duty ls not only to myself, but also to my ARCHITECTS(PIA) Country and God. Philippine Institute of Architects (PIA) I shall uphold the ideals and follow the Survived from the 1930s to the 1970s. norms of conduct of a noble profession and endlessly endeavor to further Its just ends Republic Act 545 I shall humbly seek success not through Legalization of the Architecture Profession the measure of solicited personal publicity, Early Architectural Organizations but by Industrious application to my work, June 17, 1950: Republic Act 545 was strive to merit a reputation for quality of enacted to regulate the practice of service and for fair dealing. architecture in the Philippines I shall ask from all, fair remuneration for my Impact, Established standards and services while expecting and asking no legitimacy for Filipino architects. profits from other source I shall hold the Interest of my Client over Formation of the UAP and above any self-interest for financial Formed In 1975 by Integrating LPA, APGA, returns. and PIA, the UAP became the first I shall exercise my professional accredited professional organization for prerogatives always with impartiality and architects In the Philippines disinterestedness 1973: Formation process initiated by PD I shall avoid any private business 223 under President Morcos. investments or venture which may tend to Influence my professional judgment to the within it in a sustainable manner, fully detriment of the trust placed upon me mindful of the effect of his/her work on the I shall inspire by my behavior the loyalty of widest Interests of all those who may my associates and subordinates and take reasonably be expected to use the product upon me the mentorship of the aspirants to of his/her work the profession. I shall confine my criticisms and praises The Professional Organization within constructive and Inspirational limits He/she shall promote the Interest of and never his/her professional organization and resort to these means to further malicious do his/her full part of the work to enhance motives I shall dedicate myself to the the ob|ectives and services of pursuit of creative endeavor towards the the organization goal of enlightened Art He/she should share in the interchange of and Science, generously sharing with technical information and experience with colleagues,friends and strangers alike the the other design professions and the benefits of construction Industry. my experiments Laws Traits of Architects As a good citizen shall abide by and The profession of Architecture calls for observe the laws and regulations of the men and women of the highest Integrity, government and comply with the Code of responsiveness, business acumen, Ethical Conduct and the Standards of sensibility, as well as artistic and technical Professional Practice ability. He/she shall at all times endeavor to properly observe the laws on the practice of Duties and Responsibilities architecture and on the planning and design The Architect's honesty of purpose rust be of buildings and their environs. beyond reproach He/she shall at no time act in a manner He/she acts as professional adviser to detrimental to the best interest of the his/her Client and his/her advice must be architectural profession. unprejudiced He/she is charged with the exercise of mediation and conciliation functions between Client and Contractor and must act with entire impartiality; Paid Advertisements He/she shall not use paid advertisement, RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE nor use self-laudatory,eggerated, or ARCHITECTURE TOWARDS DIFFERENT misleading publicity. SECTORS OF THE INDUSTRY SPP DOCS However, he/she may, in the context of advancing public knowledge of the ANSWER: Architect's function in society, as well as of PEOPLE architecture itself, opt to write books, be a CLIENT regular columnist of a publication, or be a CONTRACTOR contributor to the preparation of any other MANUFACTURERS, DEALERS, AND literature, or actively participate in any AGENTS forum, COLLEAGUES AND SUBORDINATES seminar, workshop, or similar assemblies through verbal or visual RELATION TO HIS/HER CLIENT in the process, show his/her own true worth as u professional, In which case The Public he/she may receive remuneration or He/she shall respect and help conserve honorarium for such undertakings. Shall the systems of values and the natural, not solicit, nor permit to solicit, in his/her historic, and cultural heritage of the name, advertisements or other support community in which he/she towards the cost of any publication creates architecture presenting his/her work. He/she shall strive to improve the He/she shall refrain from taking part in paid environment and the life and habitat advertisement endorsing any materials of construction or building equipment.  He/ she shall explain the conditional Claiming of Specializations character of estimates and In no case shall He/she shall not deceive the public as to he/she guarantee any estimates or cost of his/her professional competence, nor claim the work in order to secure a commission, any professional specialization unless unless provided for by law, as in certain supported by academic qualification, track government projects. record or relevant expertise professional resources available to him/her which will Client's needs vs. budget enable hlm/her to He/ she shall consider the needs and handle the work particularly requiring such stipulation of his/her Client and the effects specialization and sanction, by his/her peers of his/her work upon the life and well-being in the profession. of the public and the community as a whole and Business signages He/she shall endeavor to meet the May exhibit his/her professional shingle aesthetic and functional requirements of the outside his/her office, or display a project project commensurate with the Client's billboard Indicating relevant information, budget. which may Include pictorial reproduction thereof, in a modest ChargIng for Services manner. He/ she shall bill his/her Client for services rendered a professional fee commensurate Public before Client with the work involved and with his/her The Architect shall always endeavor to professional standing and experience based protect the Client's Interests but never at the upon the Basic Minimum Fee prescribed expense of higher public Interests and under the "Standards of Professional public welfare Practice.” No Free Services Design-build He/she shall introduce to a prospective He/ she shall undertake the construction of Client the professional services he/she is a project even when the plans were able to perform provided it is limited to the prepared by him/her when it conforms with presentation of examples of his/her pertinent sections of the "Standards of professional-experience and does not entail Professional Practice” the offering of free preliminary sketches or other services without the benefit of an Professional fees only agreement with the Client for legitimate He/ she shall be compensated for his/her compensation services solely through his/her professional fee billed directly to the Client. Setting Expectations He/she shall not ask for any other returns He/she shall acquaint or ascertain from the in whatever form from any interested source Client at the very inception of their business other than the Client. relationship, the exact nature and scope of his/her services and properly inform the Conflicting Interests Client of the corresponding professional He/she shall be free in his/her investments fees and business relations outside of his/her profession from any financial or personal interests which tend to weaken his/her standing as an unprejudiced and honest Project Feasibility adviser, free to act in his/her Client's best He/ she shall advise a Client against interests proceeding with any project whose If the Architect has any other business practicability may be questionable due to interests which would relate to or affect the financial or legal importance and/or exigent interest of the Client, he/she should inform conditions, even if such advice may mean the Client of such a condition or situation the loss of a prospective commission to the Architect Alternative dispute resolution He/she shall include in his/her agreement Estimates with the Client a clause providing for negotiation, mediation/conciliation and/or arbitration as alternative methods for the settlement of disputes Payments due to the contractor He/ she shall promptly inspect each phase of the work completed and if found Timeliness and schedule according to the terms of the Contract He/ she shall carry out his/her professional Documents, issue the corresponding work without undue delay and within an Certificates of Payment and the Final agreed reasonable time limit Certificate of Completion, respectively, to the Contractor. Updating Clients He/ she shall keep the Client informed at all times of the progress of the work undertaken on the Client's behalf and of any issue that may affect RELATION TO HIS/HER project quality and cost MANUFACTURERS, DEALERS, AND AGENTS RELATION TO HIS/HER CONTRACTOR Solicitation of free services Fair to both contractor/ client He/she shall not solicit free professional The Contractor depends upon the engineering/allied design or other technical Architect to safeguard fairly the Contractor's services from manufacturers or suppliers of Interest as well as those of the Client building materials or equipment when these are accompanied by an obligation Clarity of contract documents detrimental to the best interest of the He/she shall give the Contractor every Client,or which may adversely affect the reasonable assistance to enable him/her to Architect's professional opinion fully understand the contents of the Contract Documents Commissions, gifts, discounts by furnishing dear, definite, and consistent He/ she shall not seek commissions, information in all pertinent contract discounts, fees, gifts, or favors from agents documents to avoid unnecessary mistakes or firms handling building materials or that may involve equipment which may place him/her in a extra costs to either the Contractor or the reciprocal frame of mind Client. All market discounts shall be credited to the Client. Remedy for errors in drawings He/she shall not knowingly call upon the No free service Contractor to correct or remedy oversights He/she shall not render professional or errors in the Contract Document to the services without a professional service Contractor's or the Owner's financial agreement disadvantage He/she shall neither offer nor provide preliminary services on a conditional basis Rejecting/condemning work prior to definitive agreement with the Client He/ she shall, immediately upon his/her for the commission of the project personal knowledge and Inspection, reject or condemn material, equipment, or Minimum fees workmanship which is not in conformity with He/she shall abide by the Basic Minimum the Contract Documents in order not to Fee prescribed under the “Standards of cause unnecessary delay and additional Professional Practice" expense to the Contractor, He/she shall not use donation of professional services as a device for Accepting favors/gifts obtaining competitive advantage except for He/ she shall reject any offer of free worthy civic or religious projects. professional engineering or allied design service/s, or receive any substantial aid, Competition entries gifts, commissions, or favors from any Neither shall he/she submit solicited or Contractor or Subcontractor which will tend unsolicited sketches or drawings in to place him/her under any kind of obligation competition with other Architects unless to return such favors such competitive arrangements are conducted substantially under the terms of my Architectural Competition Code. Badmouthing other architects He/she shall not maliciously, or unfairly Competitions criticize, or discredit another Architect or the He/she shall not, in any case, enter as latter's work. competitor in any Architectural Competition when he/she has direct involvement in the Unflattering associations formulation of the Program thereof, or when He/she shall refrain from associating he/she has been engaged to act as himself/herself with, or allowing the use of Professional Adviser or Juror for such his/her name by any enterprise that may competition negatively affect himself/herself or the Neither shall the Architect accept and act architectural profession as professional adviser or juror In any architectural competition when he/she has Signing and sealing plans had any Information or has reviewed or He/ she shall not affix his/her signature and assisted in the preparation of such seal to any plans or professional documents competition. prepared by other persons or entities and Nor shall be retained as a professional not done under his/her direct personal adviser in a competition, accept supervision employment as an Architect for the competition project, except as Consulting Employees and subordinates Architect He/ she shall provide employees and subordinates with a suitable work Poaching projects from others environment, compensate them fairly, and He/she shall not, under any circumstances facilitate their professional advancement. or through any means, solicit any project He/she shall tutor and mentor the young already known to him/her as previously aspirants towards the ideals, functions, committed to another Architect, whether duties, and responsibilities leading to the such a commitment is still in the process of ethical practice of the architectural negotiation or has already been definitely profession. agreed upon Unselfishness Taking over a project He/ she shall unselfishly give his/her share He/ she shall not undertake a commission In the transfer of technical knowledge and for which he/she knows that another experience to his/her colleagues and young Architect has been previously employed aspirants and do hls/her part in fostering unless he/she notifies another Architect of unity in the furtherance of the profession. the fact in writing and has conclusively determined that the original employment Supporting the IAPOA has been terminated and duly compensated He/ she shall unselfishly give his/her time for. and effort to the advancement of the profession thru his/her active and personal Renovations/ rehabilitations commitment and involvement with the He/ she shall not undertake a commission Integrated and Accredited Professional for additions, rehabilitation, or remodeling of Organization of Architects (IAPOA) and in any erected structure undertaken previously undertaking specific advocacy work to by another Architect without duly notifying ultimately benefit the architectural him of the contemplated project even when profession. the Client/Owner is no longer the same. When the greater mass, area or design of Quality of work the original structure is substantially He/she shall ensure that the conduct of maintained, the new Architect should limit his/her professional practice abides by his/her advertisement or claim only to the appropriate and effective internal extent of the specific work he/she has done procedures, including monitoring and review to me structure processes, as well as sufficient qualified Whenever the nature of work involved and supervised staff to enable the firm to examples of our architectural heritage, the function efficiently. Architect must look at all possibilities of restoration Intellectual property  He/ she shall neither appropriate the belief that another Architect has committed intellectual property of, nor unduly take a violation of this Code, shall file a formal advantage of the ideas of another architect complaint with the designated body without express authority from the originating architect Copies of drawings If he/she is leaving his/her Reputation Architect-Employer shall not, without the He/she shall build his/her professional permission of the latter, take with him/her reputation on the merits of his/her own designs, drawings, data, or other relevant service and performance and shall strive to materials even If personally performed by continuously update his/her professional him/her. know-how. He/she shall recognize and give On the other hand, the Architect-Employer credit to others for professional work shall not unreasonably withhold such performed. permission, except when some confidentiality of any such documents must Quoting fees be reasonably protected. He/ she shall not,when offering services as an independent consultant, quote a fee Discrimination without first receiving an official invitation for shall not discriminate on grounds of race, him/her to do so. national origin, age, gender, The Architect must have sufficient marital status, religion, or any disability information on the nature and scope of the which would hinder the project to enable him/her to prepare a fee performance of his/her professional work. proposal clearly indicating the services covered by the fee in order to protect the Client and the public from QUESTION: The 2006 Code of Ethical under-resourcing or underpricing by some Conduct contained the Architect's Credo in unscrupulous parties. Article VII. However, the Architect's Credo was later amended. When was it amended Service Agreement and through what Issuance or resolution? He/she shall not undertake professional work unless the parties shall have clearly ANSWER: agreed in writing to the terms of the PRBOA RES.NO.O5 SERIES OF 2018 architectural commission, to wit: EFFECTIVITY JUNE 21 2018 1.Scope of work, 2.Delineation of responsibilities, THE ARCHITECT'S CREDO (PRBOA 3.Any limitation of responsibilities, RES.NO.05 SERIES OF 2018) 4.Fee or method of calculating it, 5.Model of alternative dispute resolution, Any registered and licensed architect shall and recite with vigor, passion, and hope the 6.Any provision for termination. Architect's Credo during special or important occasions, e.g, mass oath-taking, IAPOA's Raising the standards afai, PRBOA's event. The Architect's Credo He/ she shall continue to raise the shall be the following: standards of aesthetic excellence,functional logic, architectural education, research, ACCOUNTABILITY training, and practice I shall work with this general objective: that I am accountable to God, to mother earth, to Promotion of the allied arts my He/she shall, as appropriate, promote the country, to my fellowmen, and to myself. allied arts and contribute to the knowledge NORM OF CONDUCT and capability of the construction industry. I shall uphold the ideals and follow the norms and ethical conduct of this noble profession. PROFESSIONAL EXCELLENCE I shall pursue moral and professional Reporting violations excellence to the utmost level of integrity If he/she possesses substantial through industrious dedication and information which leads to in reasonable meaningful application to my work that merits a reputation for quality of services c. An architect who refuses to make worthy of fair remuneration. schematic sketches without payment for a ETHICAL RELATIONSHIP client who is short of money I shall pledge myself to the highest d. An architect who credits half of his standard of professionalism in relation to commission from the supplier to the clients, colleagues, industry partners, and owner's bill(to add to the owner's society. discount) SHARING ARTICLE V- Allmarket discounts shall be I shall dedicate myself to the pursuit of credit creative endeavor towards the goal of enlightened Art and Science, generously Are architects allowed to accept gifts from sharing it suppliers? RESPECT a. Only when the gift does not exceed the I shall respect the rights and works of my contract amount awarded to that supplier colleagues in the profession and confine my b. Only when the gift will not doud the comments to constructive intents. architect's judgment and objectivity LEGACY c. Only when the gift was solicited by the I shall endeavor to do my duty in the architect d. The architect ls never allowed to protection of our common environment and accept gifts, no matter how small the preservation of architectural heritage for the sake of the present and future generations. So help me GOD. Liabilities and Penalties Any registered and licensed architect or a grantee of a temporary/special permit who violates any provision of this Code Shall be meted out with the penalty of suspension or revocation of the validity of certificate of registration, or cancellation of a special/temporary permit by the Board and/or of a fine of not less than One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000,00) but not more than five million pesos (P5,000,000,00) or to suffer Imprisonment for a period of not less than six (6) months or not exceeding six (6) years, or both at the discretion of the court respectively Q&A Which of the following shall take precedence over the other? a. An architect's duty to his client b. An architect's duty to the public c. Both A and B are equally Important d. None of the above Who is violating the Code of Ethics? a. An architect who recommends the method of arbitration when it comes to settling disputes b. An architect who informs his colleague that he is being hired by the latter's former client as a new architect for a project