Stony Brook University Bio 202 PDF Practice Exam

Chapter 2 1. Which of the following statements is false? A. Atoms of the various elements differ in their number of subatomic particles. B. The neutrons and protons present in the nucleus of an atom are almost identical in mass; each has a mass of about 1 Dalton. C. An atom is the smallest unit of...

Chapter 2 1. Which of the following statements is false? A. Atoms of the various elements differ in their number of subatomic particles. B. The neutrons and protons present in the nucleus of an atom are almost identical in mass; each has a mass of about 1 Dalton. C. An atom is the smallest unit of an element that still retains the properties of the element. D. All atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons in their nuclei. E. None of the above is false. 2. The mass number of an element can be approximated by adding together the number of in an atom of that element. A. protons and neutrons B. isotopes C. electron orbitals D. protons and electrons E. None of the above 3. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the atoms described below? Atom 1 Atom 2 1H 3H 1 1 A. They are isotopes. B. They contain 1 and 3 protons, respectively. C. They each contain 1 neutron. D. They are different elements of the same atom. E. They are isomers 4. The atomic number of neon is 10. Which of the following statements about neon is incorrect? A. All of its electrons are paired. B. It has an atomic mass of 10 Daltons. C. It has 8 electrons in its outer electron shell. D. It is inert. E. None of the above is false. Chapter 3 5. Which of the following is true regarding liquid water? A. Its density is greater than ice. B. Its heat of vaporization is higher than that of most other substances. C. It is polar. D. All of the above are correct 6. The slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called? A. an ionic bond B. a covalent bond C. a hydrogen bond D. a cohesive bond Copyright 2025 Stony Brook University Bio 202 E. a hydrophilic bond 7. To make 1 liter of a 2 M solution of calcium chloride (CaCl2), you would place how many grams of CaCl2 into a container and then add how much pure water? [mass of a Ca atom = 40; mass of a Cl atom = 35; mass of an O atom = 16; mass of an H atom = 1] A. 220 grams of CaCl2 then add water to make a total volume of 1 liter B. 128 grams of CaCl2 then add water to make a total volume of 1 liter C. 150 grams of CaCl2 then add water to make a total volume of 1 liter. D. 110 grams of CaCl2 then add water to make a total volume of 1 liter E. none of the above is correct Chapter 4 The following question (#19) refers to the molecules shown in Figure 4.7. Figure 4.7 8. Which molecules contain an amine group? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E 9. Which of the following hydrocarbons has one double bond in its carbon skeleton? A. C3H6 B. C3H8 C. C3H4 D. none of the above 10. Which of the following functional groups is not polar? A. Carboxyl Group B. Methyl Group C. Sulfhydryl Group D. Hydroxyl Group E. None of the above Copyright 2025 Stony Brook University Bio 202 Chapter 5 11. Finish this sentence correctly. All lipids … A. are made of glycerol and fatty acids B. do not dissolve well in water C. spontaneously assemble into bilayers when added to aqueous solutions D. all of the above are correct The following three questions (#s 25-27) are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in Figure 5.8. Figure 5.8 12. Which of the following combinations could be linked together to form a nucleotide? A. 3, 7 and 8 B. 12, 14, and 15 C. 11, 12, and 13 D. 1, 2, and 11 E. 5, 9, and 10 Copyright 2025 Stony Brook University Bio 202 13. Which of the following molecules could be joined together by a peptide bond as a result of a dehydration reaction? A. 8 and 9 B. 2 and 8 C. 12 and 15 D. 3 and 7 E. 2 and 3 14. A fat (or triacylglycerol) would be formed as a result of a dehydration reaction between A. one molecule of 9 and three molecules of 10. B. one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 10. C. three molecules of 5 and one molecule of 9. D. one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 9. E. three molecules of 9 and one molecule of 10. Figure 5.7 15. The structure depicted in Figure 5.7 shows the A. 1-4 linkage of the α glucose monomers of starch. B. β pleated sheet secondary structure of a polypeptide. C. 1-4 linkage of the β glucose monomers of cellulose. D. double helical structure of a DNA molecule. E. α helix secondary structure of a polypeptide. 16. DNA is a polymer of _____. These subunits are _____ to each other through a phosphodiester bond. In double-stranded DNA, they are also _____ to nucleotides on the opposite strand. A. nucleotides; ionically bonded; covalently-bonded Copyright 2025 Stony Brook University Bio 202 B. bases; covalently bonded; hydrogen-bonded C. nucleotides; ionically bonded; hydrogen-bonded D. nucleotides; covalently bonded; hydrogen-bonded 17. Which would have the highest concentration of C-H bonds? A. Saturated fat B. Unsaturated fat C. Trans fat D. Cholesterol 18. The tertiary structure of a protein is the A. overall protein structure resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits. B. organization of a polypeptide chain into an α helix or β pleated sheet. C. bonding together of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds. D. order in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain. E. unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide. 19. A strong covalent bond between amino acids that functions in maintaining a polypeptide's specific three-dimensional shape is a (an) A. disulfide bond. B. van der Waals interaction. C. hydrogen bond. D. ionic bond. E. a phosphodiester bond. 20. Regarding protein structure, which of the following statements is false? A. A peptide bond is a covalent bond between the carboxyl carbon of one amino acid and the amino nitrogen of a second amino acid. B. Amino acids can be classified as hydrophobic, polar (noncharged), and polar (charged) C. The hydrogen atom that is responsible for α helices and β pleated sheets is covalently attached to the amino nitrogen D. When a protein is denatured, its secondary and tertiary structures are altered, but its primary structure is preserved. E. When a cytoplasmic protein has folded into its proper conformation (3-dimensional shape), the amino acids with hydrophilic R groups are typically tucked inside the protein Chapter 6 21. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that arises from a combination of factors, including a hypersensitivity to gluten (a protein in wheat) and a so-called "leaky gut", which allows partially digested gluten to "leak out" of the intestine and come in contact with underlying tissue, triggering an immune response. The "leaky gut" is actually due to defects in the _______of the intestinal epithelium. A. proteoglycans B. desmosomes C. tight junctions D. integrins E. gap junctions 22. All of the following match the best microscopy technique with the goal of the experiment except…. Copyright 2025 Stony Brook University Bio 202 A. To determine the fine detail of the outer surface of hair cells in the inner ear, you should use scanning electron microscopy. B. To specifically localize a small molecule, like actin, in a skin cell, you should use brightfield microscopy. C. To determine if a lymphocyte (white blood cell) is synthesizing and secreting a particular antibody, you should use fluorescence light microscopy. D. To study the arrangement of smooth and rough ER inside an epithelial cell, you should use transmission electron microscopy. 23. Gaucher disease is the most common genetic disorder affecting lipid storage in humans. The disease is caused by deficiency of an enzyme necessary for the breakdown of lipids, which leads to the accumulation of fatty material in organs of the body including the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, brain, and bone marrow. Which of the following statements provides the most plausible explanation for how organelles are impacted by Gaucher disease. A. The lysosomes most likely lack sufficient amounts of the enzymes necessary for lipid breakdown. B. The mitochondria are most likely defective and do not produce adequate amounts of ATP needed for lipid metabolism. C. The rough endoplasmic reticulum most likely contains excess ribosomes, which results in overproduction of the enzyme involved in lipid breakdown. D. The Golgi apparatus most likely produces vesicles with defective membranes, which fail to be transported to the plasma membrane for secretion. 24. Complete the following sentence: Animal cells do not require plasmodesmata because... A. animal cells have a cell membrane, while plant cells do not. B. the cristae of mitochondria perform this function in animal cells C. the cytoplasm of animal cells is always in direct contact with adjacent cells D. animal cells do not have cell walls. E. animal cells do not have centrioles 25. Researchers tried to explain how vesicular transport occurs in cells by attempting to assemble the transport components. They set up microtubular tracks along which vesicles could be transported, and they added vesicles and ATP (because they knew the transport process requires energy). Yet, when they put everything together, there was no movement or transport of vesicles. What were they missing? A. motor proteins such as kinesin B. plasma membranes C. actin binding proteins D. myosin E. endoplasmic reticulum 26. Which of the following is closest to a micrometer in size? A. a typical bacterial cell B. the length of a plant cell C. the size of a ribosome D. the length of a chicken egg E. the width of a strand of DNA 27. Which of the following statements about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true? A. Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA and are capable of translating those Copyright 2025 Stony Brook University Bio 202 genes into proteins using their own ribosomes. B. Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own internal endomembrane systems. C. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are components of the endomembrane system. D Chloroplasts and mitochondria have three sets of membranes. E. The outer membrane of chloroplasts and mitochondria were once the plasma membrane a free-living prokaryote. 28. A pathologist who wants to examine a patient's liver cells to determine if the peroxisomes have an internal structural defect will likely need to use a A. scanning electron microscope. B. phase contrast microscope. C. freeze fracture microscope D. transmission electron microscope Chapter 7 29. Which factor does NOT contribute to the fluidity of the cell membrane? A. The presence of unsaturated fatty acid tails in phospholipids B. The presence of cholesterol within the membrane C. The temperature of the cell membrane D. The presence of integral proteins that span the membrane 30. Which of the following is not a role of integral membrane proteins? A. Facilitating the transport of molecules across the cell membrane. B. Producing energy in the form of ATP. C. Acting as receptors of signal transduction D. Cell-cell recognition 31. Selective permeability is an important feature of plasma membranes. Which of the following statements is correct: A. Selective permeability is determined by which molecules can transit the lipid bilayer without assistance B. Selective permeability is determined by transport proteins that allow molecules to move across a lipid bilayer C. Selective permeability is determined by the ratio of cholesterol in the lipid bilayer D. A and B are both correct E. A and C are both correct 32. Finish this sentence. Diffusion … A. Always proceeds to one direction B. Allows molecules to move up their concentration gradient C. Occurs due to the random movement of molecules D. Is a form of active transport 33. If an animal cell appears shriveled it could be suffering from A. Hypotonicity B. Hypertonicity C. Isotonicity D. Hydroxicity 34. ___________ is created by differences in the distribution of positive and negative ions Copyright 2025 Stony Brook University Bio 202 across a membrane A. An electrochemical gradient B. Membrane potential C. Cotransport D. A proton pump 35. Which of the following statements best describes endocytosis? A. The process by which cells release large molecules to the outside environment B. The process by which cells take in large molecules or particles by engulfing them C. The process by which cells synthesize proteins from amino acids D. The process by which cells convert glucose into energy Chapter 7 36. Which of the following statements best describes the structure of a membrane based on the fluid mosaic model? A. The membrane is composed of a fluid bilayer of phospholipids between two layers of amphipathic proteins. B. The membrane is composed of a single layer of fluid proteins between two layers of phospholipids. C. The membrane is composed of amphipathic proteins and amphipathic lipids D. The membrane is composed of a fluid bilayer of phospholipids with embedded amphipathic proteins. 37. Triacylglycerols (fats) cannot form lipid bilayers because they A. have hydrophobic tails. *B. do not have polar heads. C. cannot associate with cholesterol. D. have polar heads. E. cannot engage in hydrophobic interactions. 38. Suppose you buy a bunch of small, round, red radishes at the grocery store. When you get home you notice their texture is not as crisp and crunchy as you would like, so you place them in a bowl of water overnight. The next day the radishes are crisp and crunchy again. The most likely explanation of why this happened is that the radish cells were _____. Water crossed the plasma membranes ________ the radish cells and ________ the turgor pressure inside of the cells. A. flaccid; into; increased B. flaccid; into; decreased C. plasmolyzed; out of; decreased D. flaccid; out of; increased 39. As fish swim from colder to warmer waters, they must adapt to the changing temperature by increasing the proportion of_____________________________ in their plasma membranes A. cholesterol receptors B. phospholipids with saturated fatty acids C. phospholipids with unsaturated fatty acids D. aquaporins E. transmembrane proteins Copyright 2025 Stony Brook University Bio 202 40. Which of the following statements about membrane transport is true? A. The sodium-potassium pump hydrolyzes ATP and results in a net positive charge outside the cell membrane. B. Proteins typically transport ions across the membrane by flipping from the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane to the cytoplasmic leaflet. C. Facilitated diffusion is similar to active transport in that both involve specific transport proteins, and both require ATP D. Carbon dioxide crosses the plasma membrane by simple diffusion. The rate at which carbon dioxide enters the cell is determined by the amount of transport protein in the membrane. 41. You have developed a new anticancer drug, but it will not cross the plasma membrane of the target cancer cells because it is large and it contains many polar functional groups. One strategy would be to get this drug into cancer cells through A. receptor mediated endocytosis B. potassium ion channels C. G protein coupled receptors D. contractile vacuoles E. ATP synthase Copyright 2025 Stony Brook University Bio 202