Practical Research 1 Q2W1 PDF

WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION ENGLISH – SHS GRADE PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 11 2...

WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION ENGLISH – SHS GRADE PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 11 2 LEARNING QUARTER MODULE WEEK 1 WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 1  MODULE IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 QUARTER 2 WEEK 1 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS Development Team Writers: Jane Meryl B. Dalde Lenor M. Tunac Editors: Maybelline Albano Richard A. Hapa Reviewer: Adelyn C. Domingo Illustrator: Wynnelord Rainier E. Tibay Lay-out Artist: Wynnelord Rainier E. Tibay Management Team: Vilma D. Eda Arnel S. Bandiola Lourdes B. Arucan Juanito V. Labao Adelyn C. Domingo WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 2  What I Need to Know Qualitative research begins with an intention to explore a particular phenomenon about which little is known (or to attempt to clarify what was deductively derived), and then seeks to talk with those who might best understand the phenomenon in question, in order to shed meaning on the problem or situation. In this module, you are going to learn to craft the other parts of your research paper with the following competencies and learning outcomes: Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCS) Chooses appropriate qualitative research design Learning Objectives: 1. Explain the meaning of a research design. 2. Familiarize oneself with the nature of each qualitative research design. 3. Compare and contrast various qualitative research design; and 4. Conduct a doable or practicable research study which is applicable to one qualitative research design. WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 3  What I Know Directions: Read and analyze each item or situation carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. A. Case Study F. Design B. Ethnography G. Research Design C. Historical Study H. Sampling Design D. Phenomenology I. Instrumentation E. Grounded Theory J. Research Methodology 1. It is a practical framework for answering your research questions which involves making decisions about the type of data you need, the methods you’ll use to collect and analyze it, and the location and timescale of your research. 2. This term refers to a plan or something that is conceptualized by the mind. In the field of research, it serves as a blueprint or a skeletal framework of your research study. 3. It is a description of the population and the procedure for choice of samples or respondents. 4. This research design describes the experiences a person, a group of individuals, family, group, community, organization, industry, or institution. 5. This research design tells a critical investigation and analysis of events, developments, and experiences of the past. 6. It involves a study of a certain cultural group or organization in which you, the researcher, to obtain knowledge about the characteristics, organizational set-up, and relationships of the group members, must necessarily involve you in their group activities. 7. This type of research study seeks to describe and understand the key social and psychological and structural processes that occur in a social setting. It sets out to discover or construct theory from data, systematically obtained and analyzed using comparative analysis. 8. This qualitative research design enables you to understand the ways of how people go through inevitable events in their lives. It aims at getting a thorough understanding of an individual’s life experiences. 9. It is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information about a topic. In a research paper, this section allows the reader to critically evaluate a study's overall validity and reliability. 10. It is a clear description of tools and instruments to be used in gathering the data. WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 4 Lesson QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 1 DESIGNS Qualitative research is based on assumption that individuals construct their social reality in the form of meanings and interpretations. The use of data collection methods in qualitative research aims to capture what people say about these meanings and interpretations. The researcher analyzes massive narrative data that were gathered using various data collection techniques such as observation, interview, questionnaire, artifacts, and specimen records. Narrative data are analyzed by looking for themes and patterns. There are important factors to consider in designing a qualitative research based on the questions, problems, method, scope of inquiry, nature of the data and the creativity of the researcher in controlling the topic of investigation. Thus, research design is critical and important. What’s In Stirring Up the Imagination Direction: In the space provided, write everything that comes to your mind about the word DESIGN. DESIGN WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 5  What’s New Design is a word which means a plan or something that is conceptualized by the mind as a result of a mental activity characterized by unfixed formation of something. An extensive interconnection of things, a design in the field of research serves as a blueprint or a skeletal framework of your research study. What is It WHAT IS RESEARCH DESIGN? The research design is a practical framework for answering your research questions. It involves making decisions about the type of data you need, the methods you’ll use to collect and analyze it, and the location and timescale of your research. According to De Mey (2013) as cited by Baraceros (2016), research design serves as a blueprint or a skeletal framework of your research study. It includes many related aspects of your research work. A choice of a research design requires you to finalize your mind on the purpose, philosophical basis, and types of data of your research, including your method of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting the data. It is a plan that directs your mind to several stages of your research work. TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS There are five research designs that are commonly used in a qualitative research. In some cases, these are also labelled as types of qualitative research by some research books because when you speak of a research design, you plan your methods or techniques in collecting and analyzing data. Your research design is realized by any of these types of qualitative research that has its own data collecting technique: case study, ethnography, historical study, phenomenology, and grounded theory. 1. Case Study According to Meng and Yin, (2012) as cited in Barceros, 2016, a case study describes the experiences of a person, a group of individuals, family, group, community, organization, industry or institution. It employs in-depth examination and analysis of people or group of people. Your aim here is to determine why your case study acts, behaves, occurs, WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 6 or exists in a particular manner. Usually, a case study centers on an individual or single subject matter. To collect data for this design are interview, observation, and questionnaire. One advantage of case study is its capacity to deal with a lot of factors to determine the unique characteristics of the entity. The following are examples of case studies: “Industry Analysis and Business Standards Consumer Organizations in the Philippines”, “The Presidency and Pres. Rodrigo Duterte” The First Batch of Senior High School Graduates in the Philippines”. 2. Ethnography This is a qualitative research design which involves a study of a certain cultural group or organization in which you, the researcher, to obtain knowledge about the characteristics, organizational set-up, and relationships of the group members, must necessarily involve you in their group activities. Since this design gives stress to the study of a group of people, in a way, this is one special kind of a case study. The only thing that makes it different from the latter is your participation as a researcher in the activities of the group. Ethnography requires your actual participation in the group members’ activities while a case study treats you, the researcher, as an outsider whose role is just to observe the group. The researchers like anthropologists immersed themselves for several months with the community to study a cultural group. Ethnography is the primary research tradition, within anthropology, which provides a framework for studying the meanings, patterns and experiences of a defined cultural group in a holistic fashion. Some examples of ethnographical research are “The Life of a Drug Addict” “Northern Tribes “and “Political Families in the Philippines” 3. Historical Study This qualitative research design tells a critical investigation and analysis of events, developments and experiences of the past. The events must have occurred within a time not shorter than a year but a period indicating a big number of years. The scope or coverage peculiar to historical study refers to the number of years covered, the kind of events focused on, and the extent of new knowledge or discoveries resulting from the historical study. A clue about the scope is usually reflected by the title of the study like “A Five-Year Study of the Impact of the K-12 Curriculum on the Philippine Employment System”, “The Rise and Fall of the Twenty-Year Reign of Former Philippine President, Ferdinand E. Marcos” and “The Evolution and Generation of Millennials”. The data collecting techniques for a study following a historical research design are biography or autobiography reading, documentary analysis, and chronicling activities. This last technique, chronicling activities, makes you interview people to trace series of events WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 7 in the lives of people in a span of time. However, one drawback of historical study, is the absence, or loss of complete and well-kept old that may hinder the completion of the study. 4. Phenomenology It is concerned with lived experiences of a person such as death, joy, friendship, caregiving, defeat, victory, and the like. It is an approach to thinking about what life experiences of people are like and what they mean. This qualitative research design enables you to understand the ways of how people go through inevitable events in their lives. You are prone to extending your time in listening to people’s recount of their significant experiences to be able to get a clue or pattern of their techniques in coming to terms with the positive or negative results of their life experiences. Phenomenology aims at getting a thorough understanding of an individual’s life experiences. Ethnography aims at defining, describing, or portraying a certain group of people possessing unique cultural traits. Focusing on people’s meaning and making strategies in relation to their life experiences, phenomenology as a qualitative research design is relevant among teachers, nurses, guidance counselors, and the like, whose work entails giving physical and emotional assistance or relief to people. Unstructured interview is what this research design directs you to use in collecting data. (Paris 2014; Winn 2014 as cited in Baraceros, 2016) 5. Grounded Theory This type of research study seeks to describe and understand the key social and psychological and structural processes that occur in a social setting. Grounded theory sets out to discover or construct theory from data, systematically obtained and analyzed using comparative analysis. Grounded theory refers to a set of systematic inductive methods for conducting qualitative research aimed toward theory development. A return to the previous data to validate a newly found theory is a zigzag sampling. Collecting data based on this qualitative research design called grounded theory is through formal, informal, or semi-structured interview, as well as analysis of written works, notes, phone calls, meeting proceedings, and training sessions (Picardie, 2014 as cited in Baraceros, 2016). “Peace Talks in Conflict-Affected Areas” and “Millennial Study Habits” are examples of this type research design. Depending on the research problem and topic, it is not uncommon that several qualitative designs and corresponding methods are combined. Qualitative studies can also benefit from secondary materials coming from quantitative research. WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 8  There are derivatives of qualitative research designs. The most common are biography (the study of a person’s life; a case study of a person); Its outcome is an in-depth description of experiences, with learning insights and important lessons as the main A biography that is written by the person himself is known as autobiography. archaeology (the discovery and study of material culture and physical artifacts); demography (the study of population and mobility of people such as migration, marriages, births and deaths); ethno- history (combining historical and ethnographic designs); hermeneutics (study of words, texts, poetics and meanings); semiotics (the study of figures, designs, icons, signs and symbols); kinesis (a study of body movements, motions, bearings, gestures and mannerisms); policy analysis (study of policy implementation and gaps); and network analysis (study of links, turfs, factions and hubs). Derivatives combine one or more qualitative designs, methods and techniques depending on the research problem and objectives (Amorado and Talili, 2017 as cited in Baraceros 2016 ). Included in the research methodology and design are the following: 1. A detailed explanation of techniques and procedures for data collection and analysis (Research design) 2. A description of the population and the procedure for choice of samples or respondents (Sampling design) 3. A clear description of tools and instruments to be used in gathering the data (Instrumentation). WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 9  What’s More Directions: Choose one from the given designs below and come up with a possible title of a research applicable to your chosen design. Then give a simple background information about the research to prove that Research Design Title and Background Information of the Research Case Study Historical Research Phenomenology Ethnography Grounded Theory What I Have Learned Qualitative research design varies depending upon the method used; participant observations, in-depth interviews (face-to-face or on the telephone), and focus groups are all examples of methodologies which may be considered during qualitative research design. Although there is diversity in the various qualitative methodologies, there are also commonalities between them. A good qualitative research study design is one which has a clearly defined purpose, in which there is coherence between the research questions and the methods or approaches proposed, and which generates data which is valid and reliable. Design in qualitative research is a continuing process which calls for constant review of decisions and approaches. WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 10  What I Can Do Before doing this activity, check if you have with you a good grasp and understanding of the current topic and you have note cards or a summary of designs or methods employed by other researches as revealed in your review of related literature. This will guide, and possibly, help you in writing your own Research Design section. Directions: In this activity, you are going to describe your study considering the following simplified guidelines: 1st paragraph – What type of qualitative research is your study? Briefly explain the purpose of this research type and explain how this type is appropriate for your study. 2nd paragraph – Are there other concerns about your design that are not addressed in the 1st paragraph? Write them on the 2rd paragraph. Assessment Directions: Read and analyze each item or situation carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. A. Case E. Grounded B. Ethnography C. Historical Study D. Phenomenology Study Theory G. Research H. Sampling J. Research F. Design I. Instrumentation Design Design Methodology 1. This term refers to a plan or something that is conceptualized by the mind. In the field of research, it serves as a blueprint or a skeletal framework of your research study. 2. It is a practical framework for answering your research questions which involves making decisions about the type of data you need, the methods you’ll use to collect and analyze it, and the location and timescale of your research. 3. It is a description of the population and the procedure for choice of samples or respondents. WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 11 4. It is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information about a topic. In a research paper, this section allows the reader to critically evaluate a study's overall validity and reliability. 5. This research design describes the experiences a person, a group of individuals, family, group, community, organization, industry, or institution. 6. This research design tells a critical investigation and analysis of events, developments, and experiences of the past. 7. This type of research study seeks to describe and understand the key social and psychological and structural processes that occur in a social setting. It sets out to discover or construct theory from data, systematically obtained and analyzed using comparative analysis. 8. This qualitative research design enables you to understand the ways of how people go through inevitable events in their lives. It aims at getting a thorough understanding of an individual’s life experiences. 9. It involves a study of a certain cultural group or organization in which you, the researcher, to obtain knowledge about the characteristics, organizational set-up, and relationships of the group members, must necessarily involve you in their group activities. 10. It is a clear description of tools and instruments to be used in gathering the data WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 12  Answer Key 10 I 10 I 9J 9B 8D 8D 7E 7E 6B 6C 5C 5A 4A 4J 3H 3H 2F 2G 1G 1F What I Know Assessment References Amorado R. V. and I. N. Talili. Qualitative Research: A Practical Approach for Senior High School. Philippines: Mutya Publishing House, Inc. Baraceros, E.L. (2016). Practical Research 1. Philippines: Rex Printing Company, Inc. Buenseco, D.B, Dacanay, D.E., Manalo, G.A. (2016).Department of Education Practical Research 1. Teachers Guide.1st ed. Pasig City Lexicon Press, Inc. Sevilla, C. G. et al. 1992. Research Methods: Rex Book Store. https://guides.temple.edu/groundedtheory WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 13  For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education-Schools Division of Laoag City Curriculum Implementation Division (CID) Brgy. 23 San Matias, Laoag City 2900 Contact Number: (077)771-3678 Email Address:[email protected] WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 14