PRACT QUIZ CEA1 PDF

**Section 1: Fundamentals of Surveying** **1.** Which of the following best defines surveying?\ A. The art of drawing maps without measurements.\ B. The science of constructing buildings.\ C. The art of determining positions on or near the earth's surface through measurements of distance, direction...

**Section 1: Fundamentals of Surveying** **1.** Which of the following best defines surveying?\ A. The art of drawing maps without measurements.\ B. The science of constructing buildings.\ C. The art of determining positions on or near the earth's surface through measurements of distance, direction, and elevation.\ D. The process of measuring only horizontal distances. **2.** Plane surveying is best described as:\ A. Surveying that considers the Earth as a curved surface over large distances.\ B. Surveying that assumes the Earth is flat for small areas where curvature is negligible.\ C. Surveying that uses satellites exclusively.\ D. Surveying that focuses solely on elevation. **3.** Geodetic surveying differs from plane surveying in that it:\ A. Uses only indirect measurements.\ B. Considers the Earth's curvature in large-scale surveys.\ C. Ignores errors and mistakes.\ D. Measures only horizontal distances. **Section 2: Surveying Instruments** **4.** The astrolabe was originally used to:\ A. Determine horizontal distances between objects.\ B. Measure the altitude of stars.\ C. Adjust leveling instruments.\ D. Record survey field notes. **5.** Who is generally credited with the invention of the telescope---which was later adapted for surveying?\ A. Galileo\ B. Lippershey\ C. Ptolemy\ D. Hipparchus **6.** Which pair is credited with independently inventing the early transit, a universal surveying instrument?\ A. Hipparchus and Ptolemy\ B. Young and Draper\ C. Lippershey and Galileo\ D. Roman surveyors **7.** The Roman Groma is used primarily to:\ A. Measure angles using a cross staff.\ B. Determine distances by proportional arms.\ C. Establish right angles using cross arms and plumb lines.\ D. Measure stellar altitudes. **8.** A vernier scale in surveying instruments is used to:\ A. Determine large distances.\ B. Accurately read fractional parts of the smallest division.\ C. Adjust the telescope focus.\ D. Convert angular measurements from radians to degrees. **9.** The chorobates is an instrument designed primarily for:\ A. Measuring vertical angles.\ B. Laying out lines of sight.\ C. Establishing a horizontal line using a water-filled groove.\ D. Calibrating steel tapes. **10.** The merchet was historically used to:\ A. Record field notes.\ B. Measure time and meridian using a slotted palm leaf and plumb bob.\ C. Determine the curvature of the earth.\ D. Set up a plane table. **Section 3: Measurements, Units, and Rounding** **11.** In surveying, direct measurements involve:\ A. Comparing a quantity with a standard measuring unit directly.\ B. Using computed values to estimate a distance.\ C. Interpolating measurements from graphs.\ D. Using a telescope for angular measurements only. **12.** Indirect measurements are necessary when:\ A. The standard measuring instrument is not available.\ B. The quantity cannot be measured directly with the instrument.\ C. The observer makes an error.\ D. Only horizontal distances are considered. **13.** How many meters are there in 1 kilometer?\ A. 10\ B. 100\ C. 1,000\ D. 10,000 **14.** One meter is equivalent to:\ A. 10 centimeters\ B. 100 centimeters\ C. 1,000 millimeters\ D. 10,000 millimeters **15.** The SI unit for measuring a plane angle is:\ A. Degree\ B. Minute\ C. Radian\ D. Grad **16.** In the sexagesimal system, 1 degree is subdivided into:\ A. 10 minutes\ B. 60 minutes\ C. 100 minutes\ D. 400 minutes **17.** Which of the following statements about significant figures is correct?\ A. Zeros preceding the first nonzero digit are always significant.\ B. Zeros between nonzero digits are significant.\ C. Zeros at the end of a whole number are always significant.\ D. All zeros in any measurement are insignificant. **18.** What is 24.244 rounded to the nearest hundredth?\ A. 24.24\ B. 24.25\ C. 24.20\ D. 24.244 **19.** When rounding 26.175 to the nearest hundredth, the correct result is:\ A. 26.17\ B. 26.18\ C. 26.16\ D. 26.15 **Section 4: Field Notes and Survey Party Roles** **20.** Which of the following is NOT one of the five common types of field notes in surveying?\ A. Sketches\ B. Tabulations\ C. Computations\ D. Fictional narratives **21.** Which piece of information is essential to record in a field notebook?\ A. The surveyor's personal opinions about the weather.\ B. The official project title or field work name.\ C. The surveyor\'s favorite lunch.\ D. The brand of coffee consumed during the survey. **22.** Field notes are critical because they:\ A. Can be replaced by memory.\ B. Serve as the only reliable, permanent record of the survey work.\ C. Are not necessary if digital tools are used.\ D. Are optional and only used for decorative purposes. **23.** In a survey party, the Chief of Party is responsible for:\ A. Operating electronic instruments exclusively.\ B. Overall direction, supervision, and logistical management of the survey.\ C. Only measuring horizontal distances.\ D. Recording field notes. **24.** The instrumentman in a survey party is primarily responsible for:\ A. Preparing cost estimates for the project.\ B. Operating and setting up surveying instruments accurately.\ C. Clearing the line of sight.\ D. Computing survey data. **Section 5: Theories of Errors and Mistakes** **25.** Which formula correctly represents the definition of error in surveying?\ A. E=Xtrue−XE = X\_{\\text{true}} - XE=Xtrue​−X\ B. E=X+XtrueE = X + X\_{\\text{true}}E=X+Xtrue​\ C. E=X−XtrueE = X - X\_{\\text{true}}E=X−Xtrue​\ D. E=X×XtrueE = X \\times X\_{\\text{true}}E=X×Xtrue​ **26.** Which statement is true regarding measurement errors?\ A. Every observation is exact.\ B. Every observation contains errors.\ C. The true value of a measurement is always known.\ D. Errors can be completely eliminated with careful observation. **27.** A mistake (or blunder) in surveying is best described as:\ A. A small random deviation inherent in every measurement.\ B. A systematic error that always repeats.\ C. An inaccuracy resulting from carelessness (e.g., transposing numbers).\ D. An unavoidable error due to natural conditions. **28.** Which of the following is an example of a systematic error?\ A. The slight motion of a plumb-bob during measurement.\ B. A steel tape calibrated to be 0.02 ft too long.\ C. Random fluctuations in instrument readings.\ D. A misreading due to observer fatigue. **29.** Accidental (random) errors are characterized by:\ A. Always being positive.\ B. Occurring in a predictable pattern.\ C. Varying in magnitude and direction, tending to cancel out over multiple observations.\ D. Being larger in magnitude than systematic errors. **30.** Which of the following is NOT a common source of error in surveying?\ A. Instrumental errors due to misadjustment.\ B. Natural errors caused by environmental factors.\ C. Personal errors due to human limitations.\ D. Errors from proper calibration of instruments. **31.** Which statement correctly differentiates accuracy and precision?\ A. Accuracy is about consistency; precision is about closeness to the true value.\ B. Accuracy is about closeness to the true value; precision is about the consistency of repeated measurements.\ C. Both accuracy and precision refer to the same concept.\ D. Precision is not important if accuracy is high. **32.** The most probable value (MPV) of a set of measurements is:\ A. The largest measurement in the set.\ B. The smallest measurement in the set.\ C. The arithmetic mean of the observations.\ D. The median of the observations. **33.** Given the following distance measurements (in meters):\ 250.25, 250.15, 249.90, 251.04, 250.50, 249.98, and 251.22, the MPV is approximately:\ A. 250.00 m\ B. 250.43 m\ C. 251.00 m\ D. 249.90 m **34.** If the observed angles about a point sum to 360°00′30″, what is the correction that should be applied to each of three angles to obtain the most probable values?\ A. +10″ to each angle\ B. --10″ to each angle\ C. +30″ to each angle\ D. --30″ to each angle **35.** For a triangle with observed interior angles summing to 179°59′51″, what is the discrepancy and the correction per angle?\ A. Discrepancy = 9″; Correction = +3″ per angle\ B. Discrepancy = 9″; Correction = --3″ per angle\ C. Discrepancy = 51″; Correction = +17″ per angle\ D. Discrepancy = 9′; Correction = +3′ per angle **Section 6: Statistical Measures in Surveying** **36.** The probable error (PEₛ) of a single measurement is given by:\ A. ±0.5 times the standard deviation\ B. ±0.6745 times the standard deviation of the measurements\ C. ±1.0 times the mean of the measurements\ D. ±0.1 times the variance **37.** The standard error is defined as:\ A. The standard deviation divided by the square root of the number of observations.\ B. The variance multiplied by the number of observations.\ C. The standard deviation multiplied by the square root of the number of observations.\ D. The arithmetic mean divided by the standard deviation. **38.** Given six tape measurements: 1000.60, 1000.42, 1000.40, 1000.50, 1000.42, and 1000.48 meters, the most probable value (MPV) is:\ A. 1000.42 m\ B. 1000.47 m\ C. 1000.50 m\ D. 1000.60 m **39.** For the tape measurements in Question 38, if the calculated standard deviation is approximately 0.0746 m, which of the following is the most likely value for the standard error?\ A. ±0.0746 m\ B. ±0.05 m\ C. ±0.0304 m\ D. ±0.10 m **40.** Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the theory of probability in the context of measurement errors?\ A. Small errors occur more frequently than large errors.\ B. Large errors occur infrequently.\ C. Positive and negative errors of the same magnitude are equally probable.\ D. Large errors are more probable than small errors.