Practical Research 2 PDF

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES: 1. Surveys Definition of Terms 2. Questionnaires...

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES: 1. Surveys Definition of Terms 2. Questionnaires 3. Tests SAMPLING - method of choosing subjects in a particular study. RESPONSE RATES – The proportion of people who take part in a study SAMPLE - the representative of the study who used to answer the INTERPRETATION - the act of identifying and explaining the core meaning questionnaires. of the data. POPULATION - consists of the total elements about which you can make QUANTITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS inferences based on the data gathered from a determined sample size. 1. Key explanatory and outcome variables identified in advance SAMPLING TECHNIQUES 2. Confounding variables identified and controlled CONVENIENCE SAMPLING - the researcher finds people that are easy to 3. Analysis uses formal statistical procedures. find. 4. The hierarchy of phase is linear PURPOSIVE SAMPLING - employs a procedure in which samples are MULTIPLE CORRELATIONS - shows the relationship between a dependent chosen for a special purpose. variable and two or more independent variables. SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING - characterized by the idea that the chance INFERENTIAL DATA ANALYSIS - tests hypotheses about a set of data to of selection is the same for every member of the population. reach conclusions or make generalizations beyond merely describing the SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING - requires a list of the elements and every data. nth element in the list is drawn for inclusion in the sample. DESCRIPTIVE DATA ANALYSIS – for descriptive research DISCRETE VARIABLES - variables which can also be counted but must be a RANGE - the difference between the largest and the smallest values in a whole number set of data. NOMINAL SCALE - a measurement used for labeling variables. T-test - test the significance of difference between means for VALIDITY - Traditionally defined as degree to which a test measures what it independent samples consisting of two different groups claims or purports to be measuring. Spearman Rho – is used when the data available are expressed in terms of FACE VALIDITY - The validity of the questionnaire appears to ranks. measure the construct or variable that the research study is supposed to Chi-Square Test - most commonly used method of comparing proportions, measure. evaluating a relationship between nominal or ordinal data. CONSTRUCT VALIDITY - This is concerned with the extent to which a ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) – is a statistical method used to test measure is related to other measures as specified in a theory or previous differences between two or more means. research. SLOVIN’S FORMULA: RELIABILITY – It refers to a condition where measurement process yields n= where n = sample, N = Population, e = margin of error consistent responses over repeated measurements. ALTERNATIVE FORMS RELIABILITY – correlating between different versions of a test. 95% - the usual confidence interval RESEARCH PARTS c. answer specific questions in the statement of the problem Title Page Purposes: Abstract - briefly describes the study and its findings. a. Stress the importance of the thesis statement Chapter 1: RESEARCH SETTINGS - states briefly the background of the study b. Give the written work a sense of completeness and identifies the rationale of the research problem. c. Leave a final impression on the reader 1. Research Background 17. Recommendations 2. Research Questions - presents clearly the purpose or interest of the List of References/Bibliography - provides the sources used in the study study. Appendices 3. Scope and Delimitation - sets the boundaries and the parameters Curriculum Vitae of the study. 4. Benefits and Beneficiaries of the Study - shows the benefits of the Prepared: study in addressing special problems. Chapter 2 : RESEARCH FRAMEWORKS JANET F. VILLAFLOR 5. Review of Related Literature PR2 Teacher 6. Hypotheses 7. Conceptual Framework 8. Definition of Terms Chapter 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 9. Research Design 10. Sampling Procedure and Sample 11. Instrument 12. Validation of the Instrument 13. Data Collection Procedure 14. Data Analysis Chapter 4: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERRETATION OF DATA - Presentation, interpretation, and relevance of the concept are discussed. Chapter 5: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 15. Summary of Findings 16. Conclusions of the Study Characteristics: a. inferences, deductions, or abstractions based on findings b. should point out what were factually learned from the inquiry