International Politics Basic Concepts, Actors, and Influences PDF

International Politics Basic Concepts, Actors, and Influences https://www.un.org/en/coronavirus/phase-1-un-headquarters-staff-member%E2%80%99s-walkthrough  United Nations Bodies 1. Security Council 2. General Assembly...

International Politics Basic Concepts, Actors, and Influences https://www.un.org/en/coronavirus/phase-1-un-headquarters-staff-member%E2%80%99s-walkthrough  United Nations Bodies 1. Security Council 2. General Assembly 3. Economic and Social Council 4. Secretariat (Secretary-General) 5. International Court of Justice 6. Trusteeship Council Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2013 Pearson Copyright Education,©Inc. 2017, All Rights 2014, 2013 Reserved. Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.  United Nations Bodies 193 Members of the United Nations – the Holy See – the State of Palestine The Assembly meets in New York September to December each year (main part) January to September (resumed part) 79th session (1945+79=2024) started this week https://webtv.un.org/en Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2013 Pearson Copyright Education,©Inc. 2017, All Rights 2014, 2013 Reserved. Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.  The Thirty Years’ War and the Peace of Westphalia -Thirty Years’ War in Europe (1618–1648) is the beginning of modern international relations  Peace of Westphalia in 1648 -Peace of Westphalia in 1648: -the principle of sovereignty and -the political rights of monarchs -laid the groundwork for the formation of the modern nation-state  Sovereignty Internal Sovereignty: Monopoly of effective use of force inside a country External Sovereignty: Recognition by other states as one of their peers.  Congress of Vienna (1814–1815) Napoleonic Wars challenged sovereignty of many European power  Congress of Vienna (1814–1815) A series of high-level meetings meant to reorganize the European political boundaries after the Napoleonic Wars, reestablish the old monarchies, and redistribute power among themselves to enable a balance of powers and keep peace.  Balance of Power If we have a rising and threatening actor, what should we do?  Balance of Power 1- Building our power internally. Increasing military budget, draft, … 2- Creating an alliance with other concerned nations. This is called Balance of Power Process.  Balance of Power 2- Balance of Power Process: The process though which different actors put their strength together to oppose a rising and threatening actor.  Congress of Vienna (1814–1815) Congress of Vienna maintained a relative peace among European Powers until 1914.  World War I (1914–1918) Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire against Great Britain, the U.S., France, Russia, Italy, and Japan + smaller powers More than 9 million soldiers and 40 million people killed Why? Birth of International Relations as a field of study.  World War II (1939-1945) About 3% of the world population died 70-85 Million died Why? How can we reduce occurrence of wars? How can we reduce intensity of wars? We need Theory  What is Theory?  What is Theory? Theory is a generalization to limit the amount of information which is necessary to understand an event by focusing on a limited number of important variables  What is Theory? Theory is an analytical tool which simplifies reality. Its ultimate goals are prediction and control.  Uses of theory Describe Provides an overview of the ideas, concepts, event, or action Explain Why the outcome occurred based on the theory Predict Using the theory be able to predict future occurrences of the event or outcome Control  Theory All theories have assumptions and variables  Assumptions are predetermined by an author  Variables tell the user what information a theory considers essential. Theories of International Relations Why do we have multiple theories in International Relations? – Main actors? – Most important variable? – Nature of Politics? – Possibility of Change? – Level of Analysis?  Main Actors in International System  Nation-States  International Organizations  Multinational Corporations (MNC)  Nongovernmental Organizations (NGO)  Non-state actors such as individual leaders, Terrorist groups, famous individuals  Levels of Analysis These are are levels of explanation  We try to explain international relations (Ukraine War for instance)  Global Level  Interstate Level  Domestic Level  Individual Level Theories of International Relations Realism Liberalism Constructivism Historical Materialism  Feminism Theories of International Relations Main actors? Most important variable? Nature of Politics? Possibility of Change? Level of Analysis? Main Main Nature of Possibility Level of Actor Variables Politics of Change? Analysis States Military Cooperative Yes Global MNCs Economic Conflictual No Interstate Political Ideational Domestic parties Individual Influential individuals  Main Actor Main Nature of Possibility Main Level Variables Politics of Change? of Analysis Realism States Military Conflictual Pessimistic Interstate Power Liberalism States Economic Cooperative Optimistic Global and Other Power Interstate, Actors Domestic Individual Constructivism States Ideational Conflictual Optimistic Global, and Other and and Interstate, Actors Material Cooperative Domestic Power Historical Economic Material Conflictual Optimistic Global Materialism Classes Power