Notes Historia 3 PDF

Notes historia 3 Primer quiz: Internacional Relations: Collective goods problem is the problem of how to provide to benefit all members Dominance: one over all Reciprocity: both parties benefit Identity World Actors: State actors: + Nations + St...

Notes historia 3 Primer quiz: Internacional Relations: Collective goods problem is the problem of how to provide to benefit all members Dominance: one over all Reciprocity: both parties benefit Identity World Actors: State actors: + Nations + States (countries) + Goverments Non-State actors: + Non-govermental organizations (NGO’s) + Individuals + Terrorist groups + Multinational Corporations (MNC’s) + International Governmental Organizations (IGO’s) Supranational: Divisions of Power: Anarchy (power of none): + Individualist anarchists: freedom of self and oppose authority of government + Social anarchists: political power and resources shared by all = Anarchies aren’t recognized because they don’t have a government to recognize. = They see themselves as the true democracy because everyone has power. Autocracy (power of one): one single person or a small group with unlimited power. + Monarchy: One head for life or until resignition * Absolute Monarchy: no limits and “divine right” (King Louis XIV) * Constitutional Monarchy: limited by constitution (the participation depends on the country.) + Dictatorship: single ruler with unlimited power that enters from coup d’état usually. Oligarchy (power of some): (70 años del pri cuenta) + Aristocracy: ruling by a group of privileged that claim a higher place in society when born. + Theocracy: religious elite Democracy (power of all): free elections + Republic: type of country that is governed by elected representatives and an elected leader. Levels of analysis:  Internacionalízalo system: (internacional) + Internacionalízalo norms/rules + Interdependence + Intergovernmental organizations + Polarity State: (internal) + Economy + Goverment + Interest groups + National interest Individual: (persons) + Personality + Perceptions + Choices Categories of Power: Superpower: USA & China Great Power: G7 + USA + Canada + France + Germany + Italy + Japan + UK Middle powers: + Mx + Brazil + Argentina Small Powers: + Croatia + Costa Rica + Bulgaria Types of Power: + Hard Power: military & economy + Soft power: Olympics, tourism, and art (cinema) Theories of International Relations: Global issues: + Realism: National interest, anarchical international * Dominance  * Realpolitik/Balance of power + Idealism: todos ayudamos a todos y la guerra se prevent (justice) * Economic interdependence + Constuctivism Palestina vs Isael: Zionism: Anti-semitism: Nakba Theory of conflict: 1. Ideas + Nationalism + Ethnicity + Religious 1. Interest + Territorial + Governmental + Economic Segundo quiz: Intro to economics: Economics: + study of what constitutes rational human behavior in the endeavor to fulfill needs and wants (choices) * in conclusion study of certain aspects of society + Adam Smith: “Father of modern economics” *book: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations" °created the discipline of economics by trying to understand why some nations prospered while others lagged behind in poverty. Assumptions by economics: 1. Human beings will aim to fulfill their self-interests 2. Individuals are rational in their efforts to fulfill their unlimited wants and needs. Therefor, is a social science that examines people behaving according to their self-interests. Scarcity: + Tension between our limited resources and our unlimited wants and needs Macroeconómicamics: + promotes trade and growth for future generations + looks at total output of a nation Microeconomíacs: + same but in individuals Scarcity and unlimited wants force governments and individuals to decide how to manage resources better and distrubute them in the most efficient way possible. Fair Trade This is a social and economic movement aimed at promoting equitable tradeing conditions. Supply chain: network of processes, people, organizations, and resources involved in producing and delivering a product or service from the initial supplier to the end customer. Traceability = tracking 1. Transparency: allows consumers to see where their products come from 2. Quality assurance: traceability helps enssure the quality of the products 3. Accountability: holds companies accountable of supporting farmers 4. Empowerment of producers: consumers can track back and directly support the farmers 5. Sustainability Macroeconómicamics: GDP: + Gross domestic product total in country. Value of goods + [Consumption + Investment + Goverment spendings + (Exports - Imports)] * Consumption: consumer spending * Investment: buissnes spendings in buildings & equipment (buying a house cunts) * Government spending: roads, schools and defensive are examples + Per capita = per person CPI: + Consumer price index +changes in prices in basket of goods + Given year / base year x 100 = $ Inflation rate: + mesures prices increase (or decrease) + rise = fall internal purchasing power + (year B - year A / year A) x 100 = % + Types of inflation: * creeping: slow (less than 3%) * galloping: very high rate but not extreme (above 10%) * hyper: extreme (more than 50% in a month) Types of unemployment: + Seasonal: Playa en invierno + Frictional: voluntary to find a better one + Cyclical: when demand decreases + Structural: absence of demand of a certain type of worker + Technological: development in technology Elastic: Elastic: if change of price people will not buy Inelastic: if change still being bought KEY DEFINITIONS: 1. Tensiónenla between our limited resources and our unlimited wants and needs. Scarcity 1. It measures price increases and the average rate at which prices are rising Inflation 1. Trans the number of people who need a job and don’t have it. Un employment 1. Total amount of a specific good or service that is available to consumers Supply 1. Consumers’ desire to purchase goods and services and willingness to pay price for a specific good or service Demand 1. When the demand for a good or service is greater than the availability of the good or service. Shortage 1. When the availability of a good or service is higher than the demand Surplus 1. A significant, widespread, ad prolonged downturn in economic activity Recession 1. Government actions and policies that restrict international trade with the intent of protecting local businesses and jobs from foreign competition Protectionism 1. The use of government spending and tax policies to influence economic conditions Fiscal policy 1. A policy by which a government does not discriminate against imports or interfere with exports by applying tariffs (to imports) or subsidies (to exports). Free trade 1. A tax imposed by one country on the goods and services importes from another country. Tariff 1. A term used to describe a change in the behavior of buyers and sellers in response to a change in price for a good or service Elasticity 1. A set of tools used by a nation’s central bank to control the overall money supple and promote economic growth Monetary policy 1. The process of taking your product development cycle traceability 1. It occurs when a country’s imports exceed its exports during a given time period Trade deficit FInal Period: Demographics: Statistical characteristics of human population World Religions: Judaism: + origins: Oldest monotheistic religion + deities: God + Abraham is the father of Judaism + Role of the messiah: * Human leader + holy book: the torah + the death will be resurrected  Christianity: + Catholicism *Origin: life and death of Jesus * deities: God (father and creator * holybook: bible + Protestantism *Origins: the reformation (1517) * Complaints against the Catholic Church ° Martin Luther: Lutherans (95 theses) 1517 ° John Calvin: Calvinists ° King Henry VIII: Anglicans (1534) * holy book: the New Testament * no Virgin Mary Islam: + Origins: Saudi Arabia (610 a.d.) + allah = god + Mohammad = greatest and last prophet (they also believe and accept the existence of other prophets) + holy book: the qu’ran + life is a trial “ Jerusalem: jewish, Christian, muslim Hinduism: + organs: india + Deitiens: a god with a 3 functions 1. Creator: brohman 2. Supervisor: vishnu 3. Destroyer: shiva Buddhism: + organs: siddharta gutama + Deities: no god or supernatural beings + Buddha = teacher Migration: Migrants can return home (ex: American dream) + work opportunities + violence and insecurity + education + quality of life Refugees flee and can’t go back (ex: war)