PPT-4-CLASSIFICATION-OF-TISSUES.pdf

CLASSIFICATION OF TISSUES OBJECTIVES To describe how different types of tissues facilitate the performance of different functions; To classify the different common types of tissues through picture presentations; and To identify the location of the different types of tissues.  LE...

CLASSIFICATION OF TISSUES OBJECTIVES To describe how different types of tissues facilitate the performance of different functions; To classify the different common types of tissues through picture presentations; and To identify the location of the different types of tissues.  LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION Organ Ecosystem Cell Population Organ System Biosphere Community Tissue Organism https://www.google.com/search?biw=1242&bih=557&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=dNtdW_jZKNi8rQGdnZrICQ&q=levels+of+biological+organization&oq=levels+of+biologi&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.502614. 507354.0.508871.31.18.0.1.1.0.415.2322.0j3j3j2j1.9.0....0...1c.1.64.img..22.9.2130.0..0i67k1j35i39k1.0.H_PPLA2Nzrs#imgrc=cmLQCTx1TUnSVM:  STRUCTURE vs FUNCTION Structure determines the function the body plan, or the way the parts are arranged and made of Function the job for that part of the organism WHAT IS A TISSUE? Animal Tissues vs Plant Tissues  Tissue are groups of cells with a common structure and function. different types of tissue have different structures that are especially suited to their functions.  Animal Tissues “ The individual cells in a multicellular organism are arranged into groups that function collectively as tissues. Each tissue type is composed of similar cells performing the same or closely-related functions. Tissues in turn are combined into organs, and organs into organ system.” Animal tissues are generally classified into four types: Epithelium - a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity Functions Characteristics 1. Protection – skin. 1.Polarity - have an apical surface and 2. Absorption attached basal surface 2.Specialized contacts - fit closely – stomach and together and form continuous sheets intestinal lining (gut) 3. Supported by connective tissue 3. Filtration – kidney - basal surface is attached to 4. Secretion underlying connective tissue – forms glands 4. Avascular and innervated - (exocrine glands, such as: salivary has no blood vessels and supplied glands, sweat glands, and gastric by nerve fibers glands) 5. Regeneration - can regenerates itself Classification of epithelium is based on the: Number of cell layers Simple - consist of single cell layer that attached to the basement membrane Stratified- composed of 2 or more layers stacked atop each other Pseudostratified- a single layer of cells that appears to be multiple layers due to variance in height and location of the nuclei in the cells. Transitional- cells are rounded and can slide across one another to allow stretching Shape of the cells Squamous - flat, thin, scale-like cells Cuboidal- cells that have a basic cube shape. Typically the cell's height and width are about equal. Columnar- tall, rectangular or columnshaped cells. Typically taller than they are wide. SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM Connective Tissue - supporting tissue that surrounds other tissues and organs Functions Characteristics Protect, support, and bind together parts of They occur throughout the body. the body. Also, it store nutrients Tend to be very vascular (have a rich and runs through blood supply) but not all. organ capsules and in deep layers of skin giving strength.  TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUES 1.Collagenous connective tissue 2.Reticular connective tissue 3.Elastic connective tissue  Types of Connective Tissues 1. Collagenous Connective Tissue - predominantly made up of type I collagen Classification of Collagenous Connective Tissue A. Loose Connective Tissue: a) Areolar Connective Tissue – cushion around organs, loose arrangement of cells and fibers. B. Dense Regular Connective Tissue - tendons and ligaments, regularly arranged bundles packed with fibers running same way for strength in one direction. C. Dense Irregular Connective Tissue - skin, organ capsules, irregularly arranged bundles packed with fibers for strength in all. Types of Connective Tissues 2. Reticular Connective Tissue - formed type III collagen (protein found in bones and cartilage) - internal supporting framework of some organs, delicate network of fibers and cells directions. Classification of Reticular Connective Tissue 1. Adipose Tissue – storehouse for nutrients, packed with cells and blood vessels Types of Connective Tissues 3. Elastic Connective Tissue - formed by type II collagen, component of joint cartilage - often found in bronchi, trachea, blood vessels, and hollow organs Specialized Connective Tissue 1.Cartilage - provides strength with flexibility while resisting wear, i.e. epiglottis, external ear, larynx - cushions and shock absorbs where bones meet, i.e. intervertebral discs, joint capsules a) Hyaline - exists on the ventral ends of ribs, in the larynx, trachea, and bronchi, and on the articulating surfaces of bones. It gives the structures a definite but pliable form b) Elastic - great flexibility so that it is able to withstand repeated bending. The chondrocytes lie between the fibers. It is found in the epiglottis (part of the larynx), the pinnae (the external ear flaps of many Elastic Cartilage mammals) c) Fibrocartilage - tough, very strong tissue found predominantly in the intervertebral disks and at the insertions of ligaments and tendons; it is similar to other fibrous tissues Fibrocartilage but contains cartilage ground substance and chondrocytes. 2. Bone (osseous tissue) - provides framework and strength for body; allows movement; stores calcium; contains blood- forming cells 3. Blood - transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients around the body; immune response  Muscle Tissue - responsible for body movement - moves blood, food, waste through body’s organs - responsible for mechanical digestion The 3 Types of Muscle Tissue Smooth Muscle – organ walls and blood vessel walls, involuntary, spindle-shaped cells for pushing things through organs Skeletal Muscle – large body muscles, voluntary, striated muscle packed in bundles and attached to bones for movement Cardiac Muscle – heart wall, involuntary, striated muscle with intercalated discs connecting cells for synchronized contractions during heart beat. Nervous Tissue - conducts impulses to and from body organs via neurons - controls all activities of the body. The 3 Elements of Nervous Tissue Brain Spinal cord Nerves  NEURON - electrically excitable cells in the nervous system that function to process and transmit information ❑Has 3 parts: 1. A star shaped body called CYTON (cell body) which has nucleus and cytoplasm. 2. A single long part called AXON (carries messages away from the cyton) 3. Short, branched part called DENDRITES (carries messages towards cyton) Types of Neurons 1.Sensory neurons – carry information obtained from the interior of the body and the environment to the CNS 2.Motor neurons – carry impulses away from the CNS to the effector organs  Plant tissues Plant tissues  Types of Plant tissues 1. Meristematic or embryonic tissue 2. Non-meristematic or Permanent tissue  1. Meristematic or embryonic tissue tissues comprise of cells which have the dividing capacity immature and help plants to divide continuously Types: Apical, lateral and intercalary meristems (enlarge the cell and increase the length and width of the stem, roots, and leaves)  Meristematic tissues 1.Apical meristems found at the tips of the shoots and roots which increase in length as the apical meristems produce new cells. 2. Intercalary meristems found at the vicinity of nodes which occurs at intervals along stems. Just like the apical meristems, they also increase the length of stems. 3. Lateral meristems increase the girth or diameter of plants. They are found along the sides of some roots and stems.  2. Non-meristematic or Permanent tissue derivative of meristematic tissue don’t have the dividing capability aid in other functions like conduction of substances, storage of food etc Types: simple and complex permanent tissue  Simple permanent tissues: parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma Complex tissues: xylem and phloem