PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 Critical Thinking PDF

PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 1 PPN 101 FALL 2024 WEEK 3 Critical Thinking and Introduction to the Nursing Process “Critical thinking is central to professi...

PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 1 PPN 101 FALL 2024 WEEK 3 Critical Thinking and Introduction to the Nursing Process “Critical thinking is central to professional nursing practice because it enables the nurse to test and refine nursing approaches, learn from successes and failures, apply nursing research findings, and ensure holistic patient-centred care.” (Potter & Perry, 2024, p. 85) e-version and paper version  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 2 Objectives 1. Describe the cognitive skills and critical thinking dispositions required for clinical decision making in nursing. 2. Examine the 3 levels of critical thinking competencies as described by Kataoka-Yahiro (1994) 3. Examine the 5 stages of the Novice to Expert model as described by Benner (1982) 4. Discuss the relationship between the Kataoka-Yahiro and Benner models. 5. Explain the components of the Nursing Process. 6. Describe the synthesis of critical thinking and the nursing process. 7. Introduction to the Clinical Judgment Model. 8. Introduction to critical thinking and ethical reasoning. 9. Identify barriers to critical thinking and ethical reasoning.  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 3 Thinking about thinking Reflect upon this quote by Aristotle: “It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it”  NSE11 Fall 2024 Week 3 4 What is critical thinking? “Critical thinking requires purposeful and reflective reasoning during which you examine ideas, assumptions and beliefs, principles, conclusions, and actions within the context of the situation” (Brunt, 2005, as cited in Gregory et al., 2015) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6OLPL5p0fMg  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 5 Critical Thinking and Dispositions “Critical thinking requires not only cognitive skills, such as interpretation, analysis, inference, evaluation, explanation, and self-regulation, but also a nurse’s habit (disposition) to ask questions, to be well informed, to be honest in facing personal biases, and to always be willing to reconsider and think differently about issues.” (Potter & Perry, 2024, p. 87) e-version and p. 86 paper version  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 6 Critical Thinking Skills and Dispositions (Potter & Perry, 2024, p. 87) eVersion and paper version  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 7 “The model helps explain what is involved as the nurse makes clinical decisions and Kataoka-Yahiro & judgements about their patients. Saylor’s Critical Thinking model It also defines the outcome of for nursing judgement critical thinking: nursing (1994) judgement that is relevant to nursing situations in a variety of settings.” (Potter & Perry, 2024, p. 87 ) both eVersion and paper version  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 Levels of Critical Thinking Level 3 Commitment Level 2 Complex Level 1 Basic  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 Components of Critical Thinking in Nursing 1. Specific knowledge base 2. Experience in nursing 3. Critical thinking competencies A. General critical thinking competencies (scientific method, problem solving & decision making) B. Specific critical thinking competencies in clinical situations (diagnostic reasoning, clinical inference, and clinical decision making) – more on next slide C. Specific critical thinking competency in nursing (use of the nursing process) 4. Attitudes for critical thinking 5. Standards for critical thinking A. Intellectual standards B. Professional Standards i. Ethical criteria for nursing judgement ii. Criteria for evaluation iii. Professional responsibility (Box 7.2: Potter & Perry, 2024, p. 88) eVersion and p. 89 in paper version  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 Specific Critical Thinking Competencies in clinical situations 1. Diagnostic reasoning a process that enables an observer to assign meaning and classify phenomena in clinical situations by integrating observations and critical thinking 2. Clinical inference the process of drawing conclusions from related pieces of evidence 3. Clinical decision making a problem-solving activity that focuses on defining client problems and selecting appropriate treatments (Potter & Perry, 2024, p. 90) eVersion and p. 90-91 in paper version  PPN 101 2024 Week 3 11 Benner’s Novice to Expert Model Skill Aquisition (Benner, 1982)  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 12 Personal Critical Thinking Indicators Page 13 Alfaro-LeFevre (2020) Discussion question: How do you see yourself as a critical thinker in your everyday life?  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 13 Must watch videos What is critical thinking? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HnJ1bqXUnIM Critical thinking explained https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=120&v=GzV1pNQUX5 s&feature=emb_logo  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 14 Are you able to… Define, describe and differentiate the 5 components of critical thinking, according to the Kataoka-Yahiro and Saylor model? (slide 7) Generate an example of each component?  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 15 Are you able to… Identify, describe and discuss the 3 Levels of critical thinking, according to the Kataoka-Yahiro and Saylor model? (slide 7 and 8) Provide an example of what each level of thinking might look like in nursing practice?  PPN 101 2024 Week 3 16 Barriers to Critical Thinking What barriers might interrupt your ability to think critically? Try to answer this question before referring to your readings. Here are some hints… Attitudes and habits Cognitive dissonance Personal vs professional values (Mallette & Yonge, 2022, p.56)  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 17 Personal vs Professional Values: Recap From Week Two We develop our personal values from early childhood and these values are part of our self concept. Our professional values develop as you socialize into the nursing profession At times, our personal values are challenged when there is a conflict in a professional context. Ethical reasoning and decision making are needed to help the nurse work through these times of challenge (Mallette & Yonge, 2022, p. 56)  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 18 Revisit Your Personal Values What are your personal values? How do you see your personal values having an impact on how you approach patient care situations?  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 19 Seven Core Nursing Professional Values and Ethical Responsibilities 1. Providing safe, compassionate, competent, and ethical care 2. Promoting health and well-being 3. Promoting and respecting informed decision-making 4. Honouring dignity 5. Maintaining privacy and confidentiality 6. Promoting justice 7. Being accountable (Mallette & Yonge, 2022, p. 56)  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 20 Critical Thinking and Ethical Reasoning To apply critical thinking to an ethical situation requires a nurse to examine their own personal values and the values of the profession. Nurses are frequently faced with acting in value-laden situations. The ability to adhere to ethical and professional standards are characteristic of a professional. In complex clinical situations, nurses need strong critical thinking skills and ethical reasoning skills in making clinical judgements. (Mallette & Yonge, 2022, p. 57)  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 The Nursing Process as a critical thinking competency A five-step clinical decision-making approach that consists of assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation “It incorporates general (scientific method, problem solving, and decision making) and specific critical thinking competencies (diagnostic reasoning, inference and clinical decision making) in a manner that focuses on a particular client’s unique needs” (Potter & Perry, 2024, p.91) eVersion and p. 91-92 paper version  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 22 The Nursing Process (Potter & Perry, 2024, p. 94) eVersion p. 92 paper version  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 23 Synthesis of Critical Thinking and the Nursing Process (Potter & Perry, 2019, p. ) (Potter & Perry, 2024, p. 94) eVersion and p. 95 paper version  PPN 101 2024 Week 3 Tanner’s Clinical Reasoning Patterns Assessment: Detecting/noticing cues Nursing Diagnosis: Analyzing, synthesizing and interpreting data PPN 101 Fall 2022 Week 3 Planning: Responding, considering actions and setting priorities Implementing: Responding, reflecting and making adjustments Evaluating: Reflecting and repeating ADPIE as indicated (Alfaro-LeFevre, 2020, p. 83)  PPN 101 2024 Week 3 Intro to the Clinical Judgement Model The most common clinical reasoning framework for clinicians is ADPIE. For nurses, this is known as the Nursing Process (Assess, Diagnose, Plan, Implement, and Evaluate) Tanner’s Clinical Judgement Model (2006) describes reasoning patterns as Noticing, Interpreting, Responding and Reflecting. The following slide illustrates the relationship between the two models/frameworks The Clinical Judgement Model will be discussed in more detail in PPN 102 (Alfaro-LeFevre, 2020, p. 82)  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 26 Nurses: The glue and conscience of health care (Alfaro-LeFevre, 2020) How does nursing as the ‘glue and conscience’ of health care align with your own understanding of nursing? If YOU are the ‘glue’ – what critical thinking skills and competencies are necessary to meet the needs of your clients and families? Do you need different skills / competencies to affect change in the institutions you work in? To affect the health of diverse populations, locally and worldwide? How does the notion of ‘critical thinking’ transform your understanding of what nurses do?  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 27 Review questions Potter & Perry, 2024, p. 95-97 (eVersion) p.96 paper version  PPN 101 Fall 2024 Week 3 28 Next week Week 4: Nursing Frameworks and the Meta-paradigm