Philippine Politics and Governance (PDF) Lessons 5-7

PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE  the encomienda system LESSON 5 ended as the local towns were organized into EVOLUTION OF P...

PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE  the encomienda system LESSON 5 ended as the local towns were organized into EVOLUTION OF POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE IN provinces or Alcaldias THE PHILIPPINES  The Philippine Islands, as a colony of the Kingdom of Spain, was placed under the PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD sovereign authority of the monarch of Spain  Barangay was the first Filipino’s earliest  Viceroy of Nueva España (New Spain or form of Government. Mexico)  “Barangay” comes from the word “Balangay”  GOVERNOR GENERAL - is a plank boat adjoined by a carved-out o King’s representative and the plank edged through pins and dowels. highest and most powerful official of  The barangay was led by a DATU - referred the Spanish colonial government in to the chieftain. the Philippines.  Assisted by a council of elders called o SOCIAL STRUCTURE “Maginoos”  Peninsulares – Pure Spanish S  UMALOHOKAN - barangay carrier who resides in the announcer to announce to the people the Philippines PU approval of the new law.  Insulares – Pure Spanish SPANISH COLONIZATION who were born in the  THE MAGELLAN EXPEDITION Philippines  Spanish Mestizos – Half M o Ferdinand Magellan (Portuguese) and his crew saw the mountains of Spanish Samar on March 17, 1521  Principalia – Ruling elite CA o Landed in Homonhon and fleet  Chinese Mestizos – Half again to reach the islet of Limasawa Chinese which was ruled by Rajah Kulambu  Chines – Pure Chinese o The First mass happened on March  Indios – Natives 31, 1521 (Easter Sunday) o The Governor General and other G o They fleet again and reach the officials had so much power that it province of Cebu on April 8, 1521 was commonly abused. N which was ruled by Rajah Humabon  THE RESIDENCIA o The first baptism happened on April  This was a special RA 14, 1521. They are converted into judicial court that Christianity including Rajah Investigates the Humabon and his wife (Later on performance of a Governor General PA named Don Carlos and Doña Juana) o The warriors of Lapulapu, one of the who was about to Datus of Mactan, overpowered and replaced defeated a Spanish force fighting for  THE VISITA Rajah Humabon of Cebu under the  The Council of the G command of Portuguese explorer Indies in Spain sent a Ferdinand Magellan, who was killed government official PP in the battle. called the Visitador o Ferdinand Magellan died on April 27, General to observe 1521 conditions in the  MIGUEL LOPEZ DE LAGAZPI colony. o In 1565, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi  ROYAL AUDIENCIA successfully conquered the native  The highest court in communities in Luzon and Visayas. the Land o Martin de Goiti and Juan de Salcedo  The Judiciary Branch led a series of military conquests of of the Philippines that communities and tribes throughout time Luzon.  Had the power to o REDUCCION - relocation of local check and report on inhabitants into towns or Pueblos. his abuses o ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM  PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT  a system of forced labor o The Spaniards created a Local imposed on indigenous Government Units (LGU) for the workers by Spanish colonists provinces. There were two types of  Local Government Units: labor)\  ALCALDIA  It is led by Alcalde PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE Mayor governed the LESSON 6 provinces that had been fully subjugated THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH  CORRIGIMIENTO  Article VII section 1of the 1987 Philippine  it is headed by constitution vests executive power on the Corregidor governed president of the Philippines. The president the provinces that is the head of state and head of were not yet under government, and functions as the Spanish control. commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the Philippines. As chief executive, the president exercises control over all the  CITY GOVERNMENT executive departments, bureaus, and offices. o AYUNTAMIENTO  The president of the Philippines is elected S  It is the larger town became by direct vote by the people for a term of cities and it became the six years. He may only serve for one term, PU center of trade and industry. and is ineligible for reelection. The term of  The ayutamiento had a city the president of the Philippines starts at council called Cabildo noon of the 30th day of June after  Cabildo is composed of: the election. M  Alcalde (Mayor)  The qualifications for an individual aspiring  Regidores to become the president of the Philippines CA (Councilors) are outlined in Article VII section 2 of the  Alguacil Mayor 1987 Philippine constitution. According to (Police Chief) the constitution, an individual may become  Escribando president provided he meets the following (Secretary) criteria: G  THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT o Natural born filipino; o A registered voter; N o Each province was divided into several towns or pueblos headed by o Must be able to read and write; Gobernadorcillos (little governor) o 40 years of age at the day of the RA  They had Small Salaries but election; and were exempted from paying o Must have resided in the Philippines taxes ten years before the election is held.  The Powers of the President are as follows: PA  Qualifications:  Any Native or Chinese o The Power to Appoint Mestizo o Power to control all the executive departments, bureaus, and offices.  25 years old o Commander in-Chief of the AFP. G  Literate in ORAL or o The power to grant reprieves, WRITTEN SPANISH commutations and pardons, and PP  Cabeza de Barangay remit fines and forfeitures. for 4 years o Power to grant amnesty.  Cabeza de Barangay o Contract or guarantee foreign loans.  Responsible for the peace and order of PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE the barrio LESSON 7  Recruited men for public works THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH  Qualifications:  According to the Article VI section 1 of the  Cabezas should be 1987 Philippine Constitution, legislative literate in Spanish power shall be vested in the Congress of  Have good moral the Philippines, which shall consist of a character and Senate and a House of Representatives. property  The Senate shall be composed of twenty-  Cabezas who served four Senators who shall be elected at large for 25 years were by the qualified voters of the Philippines, as exempted from Polo may be provided by law; and Y Servicio (forced  The House of Representatives shall be  Culpable violation of composed of not more than 250 (unless the Constitution, otherwise fixed by law), 20 percent of treason, bribery, graft whom must be Party-list representatives. and corruption, other  The qualifications to become a senator, as high crimes, or stipulated in the constitution, are: betrayal of public o a natural-born citizen of the trust. Philippines; o at least thirty-five years old; o is able to read and write o a registered voter; and o a resident of the Philippines for not less than two years before election day.  Meanwhile, the constitution provides for the following criteria to become a member of S the House of Representatives: o a natural-born citizen of the PU Philippines; o at least twenty-five years old; o is able to read and write; and o except the party-list representatives, M a registered voter and a resident for at least one year in the district where CA s/he shall be elected.  LEGISLATIVE PROCESS o Congress is responsible for making enabling laws to make sure the G spirit of the constitution is upheld in the country and, at times, amend or N change the constitution itself. In order to craft laws, the legislative RA body comes out with two main documents: bills and resolutions. o BILLS PA  These are laws in the making. They pass into law when they are approved by both houses and the President of the G Philippines. A bill may be vetoed by the President, but PP the House of Representatives may overturn a presidential veto by garnering a 2/3rds vote. If the President does not act on a proposed law submitted by Congress, it will lapse into law after 30 days of receipt.  EXCLUSIVE ROLE OF THE PHILIPPINE CONGRESS o The Philippine Congress has an exclusive and a very important role concerning the accountability of public officers o All cases of impeachment shall be initiated at the House of Representatives.  Grounds for Impeachment