American Colonial Government in the Philippines PDF

Lesson 5.3 The American Colonial Government in the Philippines Philippine Politics and Governance General Academic Strand | Humanities and Social Sciences How did we come to have the form of government we have right now? 2  Learning Relate the evolution of P...

Lesson 5.3 The American Colonial Government in the Philippines Philippine Politics and Governance General Academic Strand | Humanities and Social Sciences How did we come to have the form of government we have right now? 2  Learning Relate the evolution of Philippine politics and Competencies governance (HUMSS_PG12-If-g-19). Describe the different stages in the evolution of the Philippine politics and governance (HUMSS_PG12-If-g-20). Analyze the evolution of Philippine politics and governance (HUMSS_PG12-If-g-21). 3  Learning Explain the history and legacy of the Objectives American colonial government in the Philippines. Explain the structure of the government during this period. Analyze the development of Philippine politics and governance. 4  Ten Thousand Miles from Tip to Tip Explore 1. Examine the political cartoon entitled Ten Thousand Miles from Tip to Tip attributed to Philadelphia Press found on the next slide. How would you interpret the political cartoon? 2. Find a pair and share your answers with your partner. 3. Share your ideas with at least two other pairs in class. 5 Explore 6 Essential Question How did the Americans influence the transition of the Philippines from colonial rule to self- governance? 7  Transition from Spanish Colonial Rule The Philippines gained independence from Spain in 1898. American colonial rule began at the end of the Philippine- American War in 1901. It is important to examine the motives of the Americans in keeping the Philippines under its power: ○ first taste of colonial authority for the United States ○ the policy of benevolent assimilation 8  Transition from Spanish Colonial Rule Philippine Commissions President William McKinley sent two Philippine Commissions to investigate the situation in the Philippines. The Schurman Commission recommended a civil government with a bicameral legislature. The Taft Commission served as a civil government with limited executive and legislative powers. 9  Transition from Spanish Colonial Rule Civil Government The Taft Commission served as the civil government. It was inaugurated on July 4, 1901, and William Howard Taft was declared the first civil governor. Taft trained Filipinos in self-governance. Taft included pro-American Filipinos as new members of the commission—namely: Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera, Benito Legarda, and Jose de Luzuriaga. 10  Transition from Spanish Colonial Rule Civil Government Taft became popular among the Filipinos because of his “the Philippines for the Filipinos” policy. ○ It was about ensuring that legislation was made with the welfare of the Filipinos as primary consideration. 11  Transition from Spanish Colonial Rule Philippine Organic Act of 1902 Also known as the Cooper Act of 1902, it extended the US Bill of Rights to Filipinos. appointment of two non-voting Filipino resident commissioners to represent Philippines in the US Congress establishment of Philippine Assembly establishment of several executive departments 12  Check Your Progress What are the significant legacies of the Philippine Organic Act of 1902? 13  Philippine Assembly The Philippine Assembly became the Lower House of the legislature. The Philippine Commission was the Upper House. First free national elections were held on William Howard Taft addresses the members of the First July 30, 1907. Philippine Assembly. 14  Philippine Assembly Apart from the Philippine Assembly, the following notable Filipinos also occupied other positions in government: Cayetano Arellano Florentino Torres Gregorio Araneta Chief Justice Attorney General Secretary of Finance and Justice 15  Check Your Progress How instrumental was the establishment of the Philippine Assembly in attaining the independence the Americans had promised? 16  The Commonwealth Government Jones Law of 1916 Independence would be granted unto the Philippines when a stable government had been established. executive branch: American governor-general bicameral legislature: exclusive to Filipinos judicial branch: Filipino chief justice with a combination of Filipinos and Americans as associate justices 17  The Commonwealth Government Jones Law of 1916 The elections for the new legislative branch was held on October 3, 1916. Sergio Osmeña Manuel Quezon Speaker of the House Senate President of Representatives 18  The Commonwealth Government Jones Law of 1916 A bill of rights for Filipinos was established. This included the following: freedom of speech freedom of the press freedom from illegal search the right to assemble 19  Check Your Progress How similar is the structure of government during the American colonial rule to the present-day structure? 20  The Commonwealth Government Independence Missions Twelve independence missions were sent to the US Congress to campaign for the recognition of Philippine independence. Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act through the OsRox mission Tydings-McDuffie Act The 1935 Constitution is considered a by- through Quezon’s product of the Tydings-McDuffie Act. independence mission 21  The Commonwealth Government Transitional Government The 1935 Constitution is the legal basis of the transitional Commonwealth period. Article 17 Section 1 clearly defined the duration of the transition period. The first national election under the 1935 Constitution was held on Manuel Quezon was inaugurated September 17, 1935. as president in 1935. 22  Check Your Progress What were the difficulties faced by Filipinos in achieving full independence from the United States? 23  Identify if the statement is correct or incorrect. Try This! 1. General Wood and Governor-General Forbes reported that Filipinos were already prepared for self-governance. 24  Identify if the statement is correct or incorrect. Try This! 2. The Philippine Organic Act of 1902 provided that independence would be granted when a stable government had been established. 25  Identify if the statement is correct or incorrect. Try This! 3. The three branches of government established in the Philippines during the American colonial period were identical to the three branches of government of the United States. 26  Identify if the statement is correct or incorrect. Try This! 4. The policy of benevolent assimilation justified American influence over Filipinos’ path to self-governance. 27  Identify if the statement is correct or incorrect. Try This! 5. The Commonwealth government was in full operation in the Philippines even during the Japanese occupation. 28  After the Spanish-American War, the Americans put Wrap-Up the Philippines under military control. This marked the beginning of the American occupation. The Taft Commission implemented the transition from military to civil government. The objective of the civil government was to train and prepare Filipinos for self-governance. 29  The Philippine Organic Act of 1902 extended the Wrap-Up The Philippine Organic Act of 1902 extended the US Bill of Rights to the Filipinos and increased the participation of Filipinos in government affairs through the creation of the Philippine Assembly. After several independence missions to the United States, the Tydings-McDuffie Act was passed through the leadership of Manuel Quezon. This provided the establishment of a commonwealth government, after which full independence was to be given to the Philippines. 30  During the American colonial period, other relevant Wrap-Up legislation included the Jones Law of 1916 and the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act. The latter was a product of the OsRox Mission led by Sergio Osmeña and Manuel Roxas and was the precursor of the Tydings-McDuffie Act. The Philippines' Commonwealth government and eventual independence were put on hold when the Japanese invaded the country in the early years of the Second World War. 31 Challenge Yourself How does the government structure during the American colonial government reflect the present-day government structure of the Philippines? 32  Bibliography Agoncillo, Teodoro A. History of the Filipino People. 8th ed. Quezon City: Garotech Publishing, 1990. Barrows, David P. A History of the Philippines. Manila: American Book Company, 1905. Constantino, Renato. The Philippines: A Past Revisited. Quezon City: Tala Pub. Services, 1975. 33