PPG Final Exam Review Material 2024-2025 PDF

REVIEW MATERIAL FOR 2nd QUARTER EXAMINATION 2024-2025 The President shall/shall be: - Ineligible for reelection - serve for 6 years - elected thru direct vote of the people - serve for one term Pardon: - Does not erase or obliterate the fact...

REVIEW MATERIAL FOR 2nd QUARTER EXAMINATION 2024-2025 The President shall/shall be: - Ineligible for reelection - serve for 6 years - elected thru direct vote of the people - serve for one term Pardon: - Does not erase or obliterate the fact that one has committed a crime - Can be granted conditionally or absolutely - Granted if the person has already been convicted by final judgment Amnesty: - It obliterates or erases the crime committed as if the person has not committed a crime. - granted absolutely - granted even prior to conviction - granted to persons/group of persons who committed a political offense Martial Law and suspension of the writ of habeas corpus can be declared by the Pres. when public safety requires it in cases of invasion and rebellion Martial Law can be lifted in following instances: 1. Revocation by Congress 2. Lapse of the 60 days period 3. Withdrawn by the President himself If the President shall have died and is succeeded by the Vice-President: Rule: 1. If the Vice-President shall have succeeded to serve for more than four years----- he is NOT qualified to run in the next presidential election. 2. If the Vice-President shall have succeeded to serve for less than four years ------- he is qualified to run in the next presidential election. Legislative power can be defined as the authority to make laws and to alter and repeal them Legislative power is vested in Congress except to the extent reserved to the people by the provision on initiative and referendum Initiative is the power of the people to propose or enact laws or propose amendment to the constitution; while Referendum is the power of the people to approve or reject laws created by the legislature. What will happen during the 3rd Reading of the Bill: - Reading of the bill number, title, sponsor/author and the whole text of the Bill - Voting for its final passage A bill becomes a law in the following instances: - When the bill is approved and signed by the President - When the Pres. fails to communicate his veto after 30 days from receipt of the bill - when the rejected or vetoed bill is overridden by 2/3 votes of the Senate and House of Representatives The principle of separation of power has its purpose to avoid abuse and concentration of power into one branch of the government. Considered as Executive Power are the following: - To implement and administer laws - To enforce laws - To execute laws - To grant executive clemency (pardon and amnesty)  Considered as Legislative Power - To amend, alter, or modify laws - Confirmation of Appointment - Ratify the grant of executive clemency The age requirement for running for Senator------ 35 years of age on the day of the election Member of the House of Representatives-------25 years of age on the day of the election General Rule: “no bill shall become a law unless it has passed three readings in separate days” Exception : when the President certify the bill as urgent or for immediate enactment to meet public calamity or emergency The events that will happen in the first (1st) reading of a bill are the following: - Reading of the title, bill number, and the name of the proponent of the bill - Referral of the bill to the appropriate committee If the enrolled bill is vetoed or rejected by the Pres. the same may still have the chance to become a law when: the bill is reconsidered by Congress and override the veto by 2/3 votes Citizenship requirement is the common requirement for a person to be appointed or elected either in the judiciary, executive, or legislative department Violations of anti- graft and corrupt practices act is cognizable or falls under the jurisdiction of Sandiganbayan The Supreme Court is composed of 14 associate justices and one chief justice The character qualifications of a person to be appointed in the Supreme Court and other courts are: competence, integrity, probity, and independence The powers that may be exercised by the Judiciary are: - Adjudicatory - Power of judicial review - Incidental and disciplinary power To be eligible for appointment in Supreme Court and other collegiate courts, one must be: 40 years of age and at least 15 years more a judge in lower court or in the practice of law in the Philippines Judicial power is the power to hear and decide cases Decentralization means the transfer of authority, responsibility, and resources from central government to the local government. The local government unit involves the following concept: - LGU is the lowest level of elected territorial organization within the state - LGU has a dual function of providing local public service and implementing national welfare policies - LGU enjoys fiscal autonomy The advantages of bicameralism: - Makes legislation less susceptible to control by the executive - To check the parochial tendency of representative elected by district - Allows for a more careful study of legislation - Training ground for future leader - Administrative power of the president means that the president shall have the control over all executive department, bureaus and offices and shall ensure that all laws shall be faithfully executed. - Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the vice president during the term for which he was elected, the president shall nominate a vice-president from among the members  of the senate and house of representatives who shall assume office upon confirmation by majority vote of all the members of both houses of congress, voting separately - Qualification of President and Vice-President: 1. Natural born-citizen of the Phil.; 2. At least 40 years of age on the day of the election. 3. A registered voter; 4. Able to read and write; 5. Resident of the Phil. for at least 10 years immediately preceding such election. - Qualification for appointment as justice of the supreme court and other collegiate court: 1. At least 40 years of age; 2. Of good behavior; 3. 15 years or more a judge or in the practice of law; 4. Must be a person of proven competence, integrity, probity, and independence. - The term of office for senators is 6 years but they shall hold office for not more than 2 consecutive terms. The term of office for members of House of Representatives is 3 years but they cannot hold office for more than 3 consecutive terms. COMELEC is the agency of the government that supervises the enforcement and administration of elections The criteria for the creation and dissolution of local government unit are: - Income - Population; and - Land area The term of office of elected local government officials is 3 years but they shall serve for not more than 3 consecutive terms. [ except barangay officials, which shall be determined by law] The President exercises power of general supervision over Local Government Unit.