PPAR-Introduction to Physical Pharmacy.pdf

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy Introduction to Physical Pharmacy Physical Pharmacy  Learning Outcomes ◉ At the end of this unit, the students are expected to: ○ To define physical pharmacy, pharmaceutical science, and other importan...

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY College of Pharmacy Introduction to Physical Pharmacy Physical Pharmacy  Learning Outcomes ◉ At the end of this unit, the students are expected to: ○ To define physical pharmacy, pharmaceutical science, and other important terminologies ○ To determine the rules in significant figures ○ To explain the Statistical Methods and the Analysis of Errors 2  Outline ◉ Terminologies ◉ Types of Defects ◉ Measures of Dispersions 3  Terminologies ◉ Physical Pharmacy ○ Area of pharmacy that dealt with the quantitative and theoretical principles of physicochemical science as they applied to the practice of pharmacy ◉ Pharmaceutical Science ○ Biomedical aspects of the practice of pharmacy ◉ Dosage Form ○ Entity that is administered to the patients so that they receive an effective dose of a drug  Dimensional Analysis and Conversion Factor ◉ How many seconds are there in 1 year?  Significant figures ◉ Any digit used to represent a magnitude or a quantity in the place in which it stands ○ Non-zero digits are always significant. ○ Zeros between non-zero are always significant. ○ Zeros at the beginning of a number are never significant, special exception: with decimal point ○ Zeros that fall at the end of a number after a decimal point are always significant  Terminologies ◉ Volume ○ The measurable quantity, also derived from length ○ Reference std is CUBIC METER; its cgs unit is one millionth of this value or 1 cubic centimeter (cc or cm3) ○ This was originally defined in terms of liter, the volume of kilogram water at 1 atm and 4°C ◉ Mass ○ Reference std is kg ○ This is the mass of a platinum-iridium block preserved at the Bureau of Weights and Measures ○ Mass is often expressed as the weight of a body  Terminologies ◉ Force ○ A push or pull required to set a body in motion ○ The larger the mass of the body and the greater the required acceleration, the greater the force that one must exert ◉ Pressure ○ Defined as the force per unit area; the unit commonly used in science is dyne/cm.  Terminologies ◉ Work and Energy ○ Energy is frequently defined as the condition of a body that gives it the capacity to do work ○ Energy may be classified as kinetic energy or potential energy ◉ Temperature ○ Zero degree on the centigrade scale equals 273.15° on the Kelvin Scale  Terminologies ◉ Density ○ This is a derived quantity since it combines the units of mass and volume ○ Defined as the mass per unit volume at a fixed temp and pressure and is expressed in the cgs system in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) ◉ Specific Gravity ○ The ratio of weight of a given substance to the weight of an equal volume of a substance shosen as standard ○ It is a means of determining the strength, purity, or volume of a substance  Sample Computation ◉ What is the weight of in grams of 300mL of alcohol with a sp.gr of 0.8? ◉ 900g of glycerine with a sp.gr of 1.25 would measure how many milliliters?  Statistical methods and the Analysis of Errors ○ Determinate (Constant) Errors that although sometimes unsuspected, may be avoided or determined and corrected once they are uncovered ○ Indeterminate (Accident or Chance) The results of a series of tests will yield a random pattern around an average or central value, known as the mean ○ Pseudoaccidental or variable determinate errors Arise from random fluctuations in the temperature or other external factors and from the variations involved in reading instruments. It can be corrected by careful analysis and refinement of techniques  Terminologies ◉ Precision ○ A measure of the agreement among the values in a group of data ◉ Accuracy ○ The agreement between the data and the true value  Measures of Dispersion ◉ Variability is expressed in range, mean and standard deviation ◉ Range = the lowest and highest value ◉ Standard deviation = the average deviation from the mean ◉ Coefficient of variation percent = more useful in comparing variability  References ◉ Sinko, P.J., Martin’s Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Philadelphia, PA : Wolters Kluwer. 2017 ◉ Smith, B. Remington Education: Physical Pharmacy. London :Pharmaceutical Press. 2016 ◉ Kumar, D. S. ) Applied thermodynamics. S. K. Kataria & Sons. 2017 ◉ Helmer, Erica Drug design and medicinal chemistry Callisto Reference. 2015 ◉ Atkins Elements of Physical Chemistry. 2017 15  Video Links ◉ Introduction to Physical Pharmacy = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=olps3uv3KYc ◉ Specific Gravity and Density = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcJGFZt-NO4 16