Introduction to Professional Pharmacy Practice Disciplines PDF

Professional Practice I Introduction to Professional pharmacy practice disciplines  Learning Objectives Define the pharmacy health profession Enlist symbols of pharmacy Outline the history of pharmacy Describe various fields of professional pharmacy practice Elaborate variou...

Professional Practice I Introduction to Professional pharmacy practice disciplines  Learning Objectives Define the pharmacy health profession Enlist symbols of pharmacy Outline the history of pharmacy Describe various fields of professional pharmacy practice Elaborate various theoretical and practical aspects of professional practice Discuss the different job responsibilities in respective pharmacy practice settings Describe the characteristics of a professional Discuss the transformation of pharmacy profession  TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 02 Pharmacy Evolution of the Definition, Symbols, History Paharmacist Role Traditional, Scientific, Clinical and Pharmaceutical-care era 03 04 What is meant by Scope of Pharmacy Professional? Practice 10 traits Hospital, Industrial, Clinical, Community, Nuclear etc.  01 PHARMACY Why you choose Pharmacy? INTRODUCTION Pharmacy is a health profession that links the health sciences with the chemical sciences and it is charged with ensuring the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs. INTRODUCTION Pharmacy is derived from Greek word “Pharmakon” meaning Drug or Medicine. Pharmacy is the science and arts concerned with the preparation and standardization of drugs. Its scope includes: The cultivation of plants that are used as drugs, The synthesis of chemical compounds of medicinal value and The analysis of medicinal agents. The word Pharmacy has two meanings: General sense: It is a place or shop where drugs or medicines are sold. Professional sense: It is the profession, the members of which deals with medicines or drugs.  Do you know the difference between drug and medicine? Pharmacy practice is the discipline of pharmacy which involves developing the professional roles of pharmacists. Pharmacy practice offers practicing pharmacists in-depth useful reviews and research trials and surveys of new drugs and novel therapeutic approaches. The pharmacist is one who is licensed to prepare and dispense medications, counsel patients and monitor outcomes pursuant to a prescription from a licensed health professional. They are responsible for the preparation of the dosage forms of drugs such as tablets, capsules and sterile solutions for injections. The role of the modern pharmacist evolved From compounder and dispenser To providing medication information and preventing medicated related problems or more patient oriented. SYMBOLS BOWL OF HYGEIA The bowl with snake coiled around, it is called “The bowl of Hygeia”. Hygeia was Aesculapius’s daughter and a Greek Goddess of health. Her symbol was serpent drinking from a bowl. Bowl represents a medicinal potion, and the snake represents healing. CADUCEUS The symbol of two snakes on a staff is called “Caduceus”. The staff depicted with wings, is that of Mercury (Roman) or Hemes (Greek), Messenger of the God and also God of commerce. it is associated with HEALTHCARE not exclusively to pharmacy MORTAR & PESTLE The Mortar & Pestle has been used since long as a pharmaceutical symbols in Britain and on the European mainland and still widely employed as a pharmacy shop sign in Scotland. The Mortar & Pestle are tools of traditional pharmacy, hence their use as an easily recognizable visual motif.  RECIPE The Recipe sign appears at the start of prescriptions. Although universally accepted as an abbreviation of “Recipe”. Latin for take thou. take thou means TO TAKE OR TAKE THIS  02 EVOLUTION OF THE PHARMACIST’S ROLE EVOLUTION OF THE PHARMACIST’S ROLE During the twentieth century, the pharmacy profession has evolved through four stages. Traditional Era Scientific Era Clinical Era Pharmaceutical-care Era  Pharmacists mainly compounded and TRADITIONAL ERA dispensed medicines derived from natural substances like plants and mineral Early twentieth century Formulation and dispensing of drugs from natural sources Pharmacognosy Galenical Pharmacy The study of the medicinal Techniques for preparing medications properties of natural products of animal, plant and mineral origins  The focus shifted to drug discovery and SCIENTIFIC ERA manufacturing using chemical processes. Pharmacists studied drug properties, ensuring quality and safety in mass-produced medicines Began after World War II Emergence of pharmaceutical Industry (drugs made in factories, not apothecary shop) Emphasized drug development, Pharmacy education emphasized sciences chemistry, and mass production of pharmaceuticals Pharmacology Pharmaceutics The scientific study of drugs Release characteristics of drug dose and their mechanisms of action forms including side effects  Pharmacists became healthcare providers, collaborating with doctors to optimize drug therapies for patients. CLINICAL ERA Emphasis was placed on medication safety and effective use 1975: Millis Report, Pharmacists for the future New educational emphasis on clinical (patient oriented) pharmacy Pharmacokinetics Pathophysiology The activity of a drug within the The study of diseaseand illness body over a period of time; affecting the normal function of the includes absorption, body distribution, metabolism and elimination PHARMACEUTICAL CARE ERA The pharmacist's role expanded to 1990: Helper and Strand defined include direct patient care Focuses on optimizing therapeutic outcomes, patient well-being, and Pharmaceutical care medication management A philosophy that expanded the pharmacist’s role to include appropriate medication use to achieve positive outcomes with prescribed drug therapy Includes 1) monitoring response to therapy 2) educating patients and dispensing prescriptions  03 WHAT IS MEANT BY PROFESSIONAL?  PROFESSION A profession is an occupation, which necessitates widespread training along with the study and mastery of specific information, and generally has a professional association, ethical code and the procedure of certification.  WHAT IS MEANT BY PROFESSIONAL? A member of profession who displays the following 10 traits: Knowledge and skills of profession Commitment to self improvement of skills and knowledge Service orientation Pride in the profession Good relationship with clients/patients Creativity and innovation Trust worthiness Accountability of his/her own works Ethically sound decision making leadership  04 SCOPE OF PHARMACY PRACTICE PHARMACY PRACTICE SITES Community (Retail) Pharmacy Hospital Pharmacy Clinical Pharmacy Long term care facilities Academia Pharmaceutical Industry Government Armed Services Mail order/ Internet Nuclear Pharmacy Pharmacy COMMUNITY PHARMACIST Dispensing drugs for existing disease Involved in patient care initiatives to prevent or identify disease 1) Administration of immunizations 2) Screening for and educating about hypertension, diabetes and other conditions 3) Providing education about lifestyle choices and dietry supplements Works in pharmacies, dispensing medications, providing patient counseling, and offering Runs a business health advice. They often manage over-the- counter products and support public health initiatives  Works in a hospital setting, focusing on the preparation, dispensing, and monitoring of medications for hospitalized patients. HOSPITAL PHARMACIST They collaborate with healthcare teams to ensure the safe and effective use of drugs Dispenses oral medications Prepares and dispenses parenteral medications Sometimes specializes, with advanced training in an area of patient care Educates and counsels patients Provides drug information Administers a department 1) Develop policies and procedures 2) Purchases drugs and supplies 3) Monitors drug use in the hospital  Typically works in a hospital or healthcare setting, directly involved in patient care. Clinical pharmacists assess medication regimens, CLINICAL PHARMACIST monitor patient responses, and provide recommendations for drug therapy management CONSULTING: Analysing therapies, advising health care practitioners on the correctness of drug therapy and providing pharmaceutical care to patients both at hospital and at community level. SELECTION OF DRUGS: Defining “drug formularies” or “limited lists of drugs” in collaboration with hospital doctors, general practitioners and decision makers. DRUG INFORMATION: Seeking information and critically evaluating scientific literature, organising information services for both the health care practitioners and the patients. CLINICAL PHARMACIST FORMULATION AND PREPARATION: Formulation and preparation of medicinal products and devices according to acceptable standards to meet specific patients’ needs. DRUG USE STUDIES AND RESEARCH: Drug use studies/ pharmacoepidemiology/ outcome research/ pharmacovigilance and vigilance in medicinal devices, collecting data on drug therapies, their costs and patient outcome through structured and scientific methods. Typically works in a hospital or healthcare setting, directly involved in patient care. Clinical pharmacists assess medication regimens, monitor patient responses, and provide recommendations for drug therapy management LONG TERM CARE FACILITIES Long term care facilities provide residential care for people with disabilities and elderly individuals who cannot care for themselves. A long-term care facility (LTCF) can describe anything from a person’s home to a medical center. LTCFs can take many different forms, but most of them have a residential component and involves patient interactions that last for months or years. These facilities usually feature an environment that is designed around the needs of the patient and is conductive to their ongoing care. With millions of people currently using facilities designed for long-term care, there are plenty of different professional opportunities in the industry  ACADEMIA Pharmacists working in academia are responsible for doing research for new active pharmaceutical ingredients, new drug formulae and novel drug delivery systems. They should hold Master and PH.D. degrees. They must give teaching and researching activities in an organization following the ministry of higher education. PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY Pharmaceutical companies produces chemicals, medications (prescription and non-prescription) and other health care products. Industrial pharmacist is involved into research and product development (R & D), manufacturing, quality control, sales & marketing, regulatory affairs, planning and management departments. Pharmacist working in R & D department is responsible for developing new drugs and new dosage forms for already existing products and solving problems emerged during manufacturing. MAIL ORDER/ INTERNET PHARMACIST Licensed pharmacist must review prescription Licensed pharmacist must call prescribing physician if: 1) Prescription is unclear as to drug, strength, dosage or instructions 2) Prescription history raises concern about drug interaction, patient allergies or other patient risks 3) Plan wants to switch patient to different chemical compound.  NUCLEAR PHARMACIST Procures, stores, compounds, dispenses and provides information about radioactive pharmaceuticals used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes Specializes in the preparation and dispensing of radioactive materials used in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, such as in nuclear medicine. They ensure the safe handling of these substances and provide expertise in their clinical use WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED? THANKS! CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon and infographics & images by Freepik ANY QUESTIONS?