Introduction to Pharmacy PDF

PHR101 Perspectives in Pharmacy Charliemaign Stanley S. Cruz, RPh, MSc. PHARMACY Pharmacy is the art and science of preparing from natural and synthetic sources suitable materials for distribution to be use in the treatment and prevention of diseases. art and science preparin...

PHR101 Perspectives in Pharmacy Charliemaign Stanley S. Cruz, RPh, MSc. PHARMACY Pharmacy is the art and science of preparing from natural and synthetic sources suitable materials for distribution to be use in the treatment and prevention of diseases. art and science preparing from natural and synthetic sources suitable materials for distribution use in the treatment and prevention of diseases Willow Tree Senna Plant (Salix babylonica) (Senna alata) PHARMACY Pharmacy embraces the knowledge of: identification & selection pharmacological action preservation analysis and standardization of drugs and medicines Pharmacy includes: proper & safe distribution or use dispense of prescription sell directly to patients PHILIPPINE PHARMACY ACT RA 10918 An act regulating and modernizing the practice of pharmacy in the Philippines. Highlights: Expanded Scope of Practice Licensure and Regulation of Practice Establishment of the Professional Regulatory Board of Pharmacy Recognition of Specialization Pharmacy Education Standards Ethical Practice and Public Safety Penalties and Sanctions RA 10918 repealed the previous “The Pharmacy Law” (RA 5921) DRUG The word ”drug” was derived from the Greek word “pharmakon”. It means “remedy”, “poison”, “or scapegoat”. Drugs are pharmaceutical products. Drugs are chemical compounds or biological substances, other than food. Drugs are used in the treatment, prevention, diagnosis, and/or mitigation of disease in humans or animals. DRUG Drugs are articles recognized in the official United States Pharmacopeia (USP) / National Formulary (NF) Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States of America Philippine Pharmacopoeia Philippine National Drug Formulary British Pharmacopoeia (BP) European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) Any official compendium or any supplement to the mentioned references DRUG United States Pharmacopeia (USP)/National Formulary (NF) USP is a book of public pharmacopeial standards. It is a source of standards for medicines, dosage forms, drug substances, excipients, medical devices, and dietary supplements. USP contains monographs of: Drug substances and preparations. Dietary supplements and ingredients in a separate section. NF contains monographs of: Excipients DRUG A monograph is a document that includes: Name of the ingredient or preparation. Definition or characterization of the article. Requirements for: Packaging Proper storage conditions Labelling requirements Specifications These are test procedures and acceptance criteria to determine the quality of the product. DRUG Drugs are articles used in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in man or other animals. Drugs are articles (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man and animals. Drugs articles intended for use as a component of any article specified in (1), (2) and (3) but does not include devices, or components, parts or accessories.  DRUG (HERBAL DRUG) A drug is an herbal* or traditional drugs which are articles of plant or animal origin used in folk medicine which are: recognized in the Philippine National Drug Formulary intended for used in the treatment, or cure, or mitigation of disease symptoms, injury or body defects in human other than food, intended to affect the structure or any function of the human body in finished or ready-to-use dosage form; and intended for use as a component of any of the articles specified in clauses (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv). *As defined in RA 9502 - Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act of 2008 MEDICINE A medicine contains: A drug as the active ingredient. Appropriate mixture of excipients. Formulated into a suitable dosage form for administration. Sold with complete packaging to protect from physical and chemical stress during transport and distribution. Fields of Pharmaceutical Services Pharmacy is a multi-disciplinary profession. Fields of Pharmaceutical Services Community Pharmacy Industrial Pharmacy Hospital Pharmacy Clinical Pharmacy Drug Wholesaling Pharmaceutical Education Pharmaceutical Research Pharmaceutical Journalism Government Service Organizational Management Medical Communication COMMUNITY PHARMACY This is the one of the most common fields of Pharmacy services. The drugstore, botika, pharmacy store, or retail pharmacy (RONPD). Retail Pharmacy refers to groceries or convenience stores that are registered with FDA to sell OTC drugs but not Rx medications. Independent Drugstores These outlets can vary in size and merchandise Chain Drugstore / Multiple Pharmacy These are profitable outlets with 2 or more branches. Mercury opened in 1945 but had its 2nd branch by 1963. INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY Industry practice is the most diverse field of pharmacy practice which allows a pharmacist explore different responsibilities and opportunities. AREA OF PRACTICE ROLE/S Performs studies on formulation and reformulation. Performs drug-excipient compatibility testing. Research (R&D) Determines proper route of administration of drug. Investigates product’s stability including the proper packaging material. Looks for opportunities for product innovations. Supervises the conversion of raw materials to finished products. Production Supervises the manufacturing operation including production planning. Upholds CGMP and ensures that it is observed. Markets via detailmen / medical representatives reaching prescribers. Marketing / Distribution Responsible for marketing campaigns distribution process / sites. INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY Industry practice is the most diverse field of pharmacy practice which allows a pharmacist explore different responsibilities and opportunities. AREA OF PRACTICE ROLE/S Inspects raw materials, intermediate, and finished product. Checks packaging components quality and appropriateness. Quality Control Performs qualitative and quantitative testing on almost everything. Ensures that the product passes assay to confirming label claim. Participates in the development & implementation of regulatory strategy. Assembles a regulatory file/dossier for licensing or monitoring. Regulatory / Liaison Conducts regulatory monitoring of approved products. Provides counselling to internal & external clients with regulatory issues. Cosmetics Monitors ingredient safety in different products registered in FDA. HOSPITAL PHARMACY Pharmacists serves as drug consultant to doctors, nurses, patients and other hospital personnel. Pharmacist performs compounding prescriptions in a hospital setting. The chief hospital pharmacist serves as a member (usually the secretary) of the Pharmacy Therapeutic Committee (PTC). CLINICAL PHARMACY This is a more patient-oriented field of practice. Usually associated with hospital practice since patient are easier to interact with there. Clinical pharmacist goes on rounds with the doctor and other healthcare professional. Their primary responsibility is to monitors drug therapy and various drug related parameters of the patient. They are responsible for educating the patient on proper drug use. DRUG WHOLESALING Pharmacist in this field of practice is commonly related as well to the industrial practice as they in constant communication with suppliers and manufacturers. Drug wholesaling is responsible for providing supply to several retailers with products coming from different manufacturers. Drug wholesalers serves are a hub for multiple manufacturers so retailers can have access to different products through a single store. PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION Pharmaceutical education is arguably the “most important field of Pharmacy practice”. Institutions offering Pharmacy programs are responsible for nurturing the the minds and developing the skills that are important to pharmacists. Pharmaceutical education is a rewarding and professionally fulfilling field of practice outside the conventional areas of pharmaceutical practice. PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH This is the area of practice focused on drug discovery and development. Researchers constantly studies different models to improve and innovate drug products or even drug administration. Clinical Research This is a branch of healthcare science that determines the safety and efficacy of medications prior to commercialization. This involves human participants to translate basic research (lab-based) into new treatments and information that can benefit patients in particular class. PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNALISM Pharmacists practicing in this field serves as a writer, editor, and/or publisher of drug & health related magazines, brochures and newsletters. Their main responsibilities is to ensure the correctness, appropriateness, and validity of drug information that would be circulated in both print and digital products and services. GOVERNMENT SERVICE Pharmacists in the government service are considered as civil service employees. They can work at different government offices like: FDA as a drug inspector, in licensing of pharmaceutical establishment, and/or new drug product registration. DOH as staff pharmacist / researcher. DOST as researchers. NBI or DDB as a consultant for programs directed towards the prevention and/or rehabilitation of drug dependents. PRC as professional board examiners. ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT This field of practice comes with the other area of practice where the pharmacist serves as officers of national and provincial associations of pharmacists. PPhA – Philippine Pharmacists Association CPAP – Community Pharmacists Association of the Philippines DSAP – Drugstore Association of the Philippines Inc. PAPPI – Philippine Association of Pharmacists in the Philippine Industry PACOP – Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy PSHP – Philippine Society of Hospital Pharmacists MEDICAL COMMUNICATION Pharmacist in this field of practice are commonly located in a drug information centers (DIC), usually partnered with a hospital or a community pharmacy or both. The main responsibility is to electronically handle of medical data and competently bridge information gaps by searching, collating, and summarizing important medical or pharmaceutical information. Pharmacist in this field also perform drug interaction review for prescriptions with more than one drug (polypharmacy). INSTITUTIONAL PHARMACY Pharmacist working in a non-pharmaceutical establishments, such as government offices, private companies and corporations. Examples in the Philippines are: Supreme court San Miguel Corporation GSIS Proctor & Gamble Makati and Antipolo Health Centers in partnership with Planet Drugstore “Poisons and medicine are often the same substance given with different intents.” Peter Mere Latham, 19th-century English physician and educator Thank you for listening! PHR101 – Perspectives in Pharmacy Charliemaign Stanley S. Cruz, RPh, MSc.