Medical Terminology in a Flash PDF - Chapter 10 Urinary System

Chapter 10 Urinary System Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Preface  This presentation is intended to be used after the chapter has been read.  It has been designed to encourage active learning. See “A...

Chapter 10 Urinary System Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Preface  This presentation is intended to be used after the chapter has been read.  It has been designed to encourage active learning. See “Active Learning Instructions.”  It can also be used as a quiz, or it can be provided to students for use as a study guide. Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Active Learning Instructions 1. Each student needs three sheets of paper or one sheet cut into three pieces. We can use these for two separate activities. 2. Set a. Onup the one paper piece as follows: of paper, write in very large handwriting the letter A, and then turn it over and write the number 1. b. On the second piece, write the letter B on one side and the number 2 on the other side. c. On the last piece, write a C on one side and the number 3 on the other Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Active Learning Instructions (continued_1)  For the “Match the Term with Its Definition” and “Match the Combining Form with Its Definition” slides, all students will answer the question by holding up the letter that they think represents the correct definition.  The instructor can also reverse this activity. The students would instead answer by holding up the number that they think represents the correct Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Active Learning Instructions (continued_2) The fill-in-the-blank slides can be answered in a variety of ways. Here are a few suggestions: 1. Answers are written on small dry erase boards and held up in the air. This is less expensive if students are grouped. 2. Divide the large classroom board into sections. Group the students, line them up in relay fashion, and have them race to write answers on the board. Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Active Learning Instructions (continued_3) 3. Divide the class into teams. The first team to stand up and call out the correct answer gets a point. 4. SWAT! Divide into two teams. One player from each team holds a fly swatter or something similar. When a question is called out, the first person to land their swatter on the designated target gets the first chance to answer. The team with the correct answer gets a point, and then two new players get the swatters. Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Active Learning Instructions (continued_4) Here are suggestions on how to use the slides on pathology: 1. As a homework assignment, give each student a different pathology to research and present to the rest of the class. When the name of that pathology appears on the screen, the student stands and briefly states what he or she has discovered about the pathology. Pictures as well as links to informative videos or websites can be emailed to the instructor or can be posted on an Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Active Learning Instructions (continued_5) 2. Go to the Davis Plus image ancillary and show the pictures. Ask the students to call out the name of the pathology. Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Structure and Function Terms  Kidneys  pH Scale  Retroperitoneal Space  Ureters  Electrolytes  Bladder  Nephrons  Urinary System  Filtrate  Micturition Reflex  Glomerulus  Urethra  Renal Pelvis  Renal Failure  Urine  Glucose  Medulla  Hemodialysis  Blood ph  Peritoneal Dialysis Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Structure and Function (continued_1) The Kidney and the Nephron Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition 1. _ Kidneys 2. _ Retroperitoneal space 3. _ Electrolytes A. The ions in bodily fluids B. The space at the back of the abdomen just lateral to the spinal column; located in the back of the abdominal cavity C. The key organs of the urinary system Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_1) 1. _ Nephrons 2. _ Filtrate 3. _ Glomerulus A. Fluid that has been filtered by the walls of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule B. Microscopic structures located primarily within the outer cortex of the kidneys C. Capillary cluster within the Bowman’s capsule Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Structure and Function (continued_2) Urinary System Note the kidneys, pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_2) 1. _ Renal pelvis 2. _ Urine 3. _ Medulla A. The area where all of the calyces join B. The innermost part of the kidney C. The kidneys produce an average of 1 to 2 liters of this each day Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_3) 1. _ Blood pH 2. _ pH scale 3. _ Ureters A. The acidity or alkalinity in the blood B. A tool for measuring the acidity or alkalinity of a substance; used to measure the acid base, which ranges from 0 to 14 C. Long, narrow tubes that drain urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_4) 1. _ Bladder 2. _ Urinary system 3. _ Micturition reflex A. The urge to urinate B. A flexible, muscular container for urine C. The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_5) 1. _ Urethra 2. _ Renal failure 3. _ Glucose A. High blood pressure and Type 2 diabetes are the most common causes B. Sugar C. Passageway for final urine elimination and emptying of the bladder; the exit passageway for both urine and semen Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Term with Its Definition (continued_6) 1. _ Hemodialysis 2. _ Peritoneal dialysis A. A process by which blood is filtered through the patient’s own membrane in the abdominal cavity to remove excess fluid and wastes B. A process by which blood is filtered through a special membrane in a machine to remove excess fluid and wastes Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Combining Forms  azot/o  noct/o  bacteri/o  olig/o  cyst/o  peritone/o  glomerul/o  py/o  gluc/o  pyel/o  glucos/o  pelv/i  glyc/o  ren/o  glycos/o  ur/o  keton/o  urin/o  lith/o  ureter/o  meat/o  urethr/o  nephr/o  vesic/o Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition 1. _ meat/o 2. _ cyst/o 3. _ glycos/o A. meatus, opening B. bladder C. glucose, sugar, sweet Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_1) 1. _ py/o 2. _ ren/o 3. _ azot/o A. kidney B. nitrogenous compounds C. pus Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_2) 1. _ gluc/o 2. _ pyel/o 3. _ olig/o A. renal pelvis B. glucose, sugar, sweet C. deficiency Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_3) 1. _ nephr/o 2. _ glucos/o 3. _ keton/o A. kidney B. ketone bodies (acids and acetones) C. glucose, sugar, sweet Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_4) 1. _ urin/o 2. _ vesic/o 3. _ urethr/o A. urine B. bladder C. urethra Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_5) 1. _ bacteri/o 2. _ lith/o 3. _ noct/o A. night B. bacteria C. stone Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_6) 1. _ glomerul/o 2. _ pelv/i 3. _ glyc/o A. pelvis B. glucose, sugar, sweet C. glomerulus Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Match the Combining Form with Its Definition (continued_7) 1. _ peritone/o 2. _ ur/o 3. _ ureter/o A. ureter B. urine C. peritoneum Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What Is the Correct Term for Each Abbreviation? CRF AGN VCUG I&O UA sp. gr. IVP UI ARF Cath HD BNO PKD BPH U TI ESRD BU N ATN Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What Is the Correct Term for Each Abbreviation? (continued) RP C&S UC TURP KUB Cysto SG VUR H2O Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Pathologies  acute glomerulonephritis (Ă-KYÜT glō-mĕr-Ū- lō-nĕ-FRĪ- tĭs)  bacterial cystitis (bak-TIR-ē-ul sĭs-TĪ-tĭs)  chronic glomerulonephritis (KRÄN-ik glō- mĕr-Ū-lō-nĕ-FRĪ- tĭs)  diabetic nephropathy (dī-Ă-BĔT-ĭk nĕ-FRŎP-Ă-thē)  diuresis (dī-Ū-RĒ-sĭs)  end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (END-stāj RĒ-nĂl dĭ- ZĒZ)  enuresis (ĕn-Ū-RĒ-sĭs) Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Pathologies (continued_1)  frequency (FRĒ-kwun-sē)  glucosuria, glycosuria (gloo-kō-SŪ-rē- Ă, glī-kō-SŪ-rē-Ă)  hydronephrosis (hī-drō-nĕf-RŌ- sĭs)  interstitial cystitis (ĭn-tĕr-STĬSH-Ăl sĭs- TĪ-tĭs)  interstitial nephritis (ĭn-tĕr-STĬSH-Ăl nĕf- RĪ-tĭs)  nephrotic syndrome (nĕ-FRŎT-ĭk SĬN- drōm)  neurogenic bladder (nŪ-rō-JĔN-ĭk BLĂD- ĕr)  phimosis (fī-MŌ-sĭs) Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Pathologies (continued_2)  polycystic kidney disease (PKD) (pŏl-ē-SĬS-tĭk KĬD-nē dĭ-ZĒZ)  pyelonephritis (pī-ĕ-lō-nĕ-FRĪ-tĭs)  renal calculus (RĒ-nĂl KĂL-kŪ-lŭs)  renal colic (RĒ-nĂl KÄL-ik)  renal failure (RĒ-nĂl FĀL-yĕr)  tubular necrosis (TŪ-bŪ-lĂr nĕ- KRŌ-sĭs)  uremia (Ū-RĒ-mē-Ă) Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Pathologies (continued_3)  urgency (UR-j n-sē)  urinary incontinence (UI) (Ū-rĭ-nār-ē ĭn-KŎNT- ĭn-ĕns)  urinary retention (Ū-rĭ-nār-ē rĭ-TĔN- shŭn)  urinary tract infection (UTI) (Ū-rĭ-nār-ē trĂkt ĭn-FĔK-shun)  vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) (VĔS-ĭ-kō-ū- RĒ-tĕr-ăl RĒ-fluks)  Wilms’ tumor (vĭlmz TŪ-mor) Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Common Diagnostic Tests and Procedures  24-hour urine specimen: Total urine excreted over 24 hours, collected for analysis  Bladder ultrasound (bladder scan): Noninvasive use of a portable ultrasound device to measure the amount of retained urine  Blood urea nitrogen (BUN): Lab value used to measure kidney function, based on nitrogen levels in Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Common Diagnostic Tests and Procedures (continued_1)  Culture and sensitivity (C &S): Process of growing microorganisms and then exposing them to antimicrobial drugs to determine which ones kill them most effectively  Cystoscopy: Visual examination of the bladder lining with a cystoscope Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What Is the Name of the Diagnostic Test or Procedure? Process of growing microorganisms and then exposing them to antimicrobial drugs to determine which ones kill them most effectively Total urine excreted over 24 hours, collected for analysis Lab value used to measure kidney Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company function,  What Is the Name of the Diagnostic Test or Procedure? (continued_1) Visual examination of the bladder lining with a cystoscope Noninvasive use of a portable ultrasound device to measure the amount of retained urine Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Common Diagnostic Tests and Procedures (continued_2)  Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: Procedure in which shock waves or sound waves crush stones in the kidneys or urinary tract  Hemodialysis: Filtration of wastes and fluid from blood as it passes through selectively permeable membranes; also called dialysis  Intravenous pyelogram (IVP): X- ray examination of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder after injection of Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Common Diagnostic Tests and Procedures (continued_3)  KUB: Radiological imaging (x-ray) of the abdomen, specifically the kidneys, ureters, and bladder Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What Is the Name of the Diagnostic Test or Procedure? (continued_2) Radiological imaging (x- ray) of the abdomen, specifically the kidneys, ureters, and bladder X-ray examination of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder after injection of a contrast medium Filtration of wastes and fluid from blood as it passes through Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What Is the Name of the Diagnostic Test or Procedure? (continued_3) Procedure in which shock waves or sound waves crush stones in the kidneys or urinary tract Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Common Diagnostic Tests and Procedures (continued_4)  Peritoneal dialysis: Filtration of fluid and wastes from the blood using the lining of the patient’s peritoneal cavity as a dialyzing membrane  Serum creatinine: Lab value that is more specific than BUN; used to measure kidney function  Urinalysis (UA): Visual and microscopic analysis of a urine specimen Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Common Diagnostic Tests and Procedures (continued_5)  Urinary catheterization: Insertion of a tube into the bladder via the urethra to drain urine, obtain a urine specimen, or instill medication  Voiding cystourethrography (V C UG): Radiological examination of the bladder and urethra during urination Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What Is the Name of the Diagnostic Test or Procedure? (continued_4) Lab value that is more specific than BUN; used to measure kidney function Radiological examination of the bladder and urethra during urination Filtration of fluid and wastes from the blood using the lining of Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company the  What Is the Name of the Diagnostic Test or Procedure? (continued_5) Insertion of a tube into the bladder via the urethra to drain urine, obtain a urine specimen, or instill medication Visual and microscopic analysis of a urine specimen Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  Pharmacology Therapeutic Classification Common Use Prevents uncontrollable bladder Antispasmodic contractions Diuretic (loop, thiazide, or potassium Increases urine flow sparing) Mineral Supplement Prevents low potassium levels Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company  What Is the Therapeutic Classification? Therapeutic Classification Common Use _ Prevents low potassium levels _ Increases urine flow _ Prevents uncontrollable bladder contractions Copyright ©2020 F.A. Davis Company