Politics in the Early Philippines to Spanish Colonial Period PDF

 POLITICS IN THE EARLY PHILIPPINES TO SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD HOUSES DRESS WRITTEN PHILIPPINE HISTORY BEGUN AROUND 900 CE Laguna copperplate inscription- earliest document record - Forgiveness of a death  By this time, they began to form themselves a socio...

 POLITICS IN THE EARLY PHILIPPINES TO SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD HOUSES DRESS WRITTEN PHILIPPINE HISTORY BEGUN AROUND 900 CE Laguna copperplate inscription- earliest document record - Forgiveness of a death  By this time, they began to form themselves a sociopolitical unit called barangays/Malay word Balangay(boat) Barangay- 30-500 people -leaders are chosen called Datu -in the area with greater contact with the Indian subcontinent called their rulers Rajah, people adopted Islam called Sultan. SOCIAL CLASSES MAGINOO (NOBLE CLASS) -Royal blooded such as the datu, which is the leader of the barangay consisting of 100-500 persons. -The nobility of the datu will be passed down to the eldest son or a relative if he has none. -They are addressed as ginoo while dayang for the women of equivalent. Panginoon was reserved for the most MAHARLIKA (WARRIOR CLASS) -Made up of the commoners of a community. -They are given the privilege to acquire property, have any job, pick their own wives, and also have a slave. In return, they were expected to pay taxes and the only class obligated to do so. It was said that timawa are the illegitimate children of a datu to another commoner or slave. TIMAWA (FREE MEN) -Well respected warriors of the barangay. -They have the same rights as the timawa but doesn’t pay taxes. Instead, they provide protection to the community and they prepare their own weapons at their own expense. -They can move to another barangay if they choose to but will need to pay a certain amount to the current datu. The maharlika would be honored through a feast before leaving the community. ALIPIN (DEPENDENT CLASS) They serve anyone who is above their class. They do the work inside a home such as cooking, cleaning, and aiding their masters with their duties. Two types of Alipin. Aliping namamahay- have their own quarters inside the property of their master, has the right to choose their husband or wife, can own property, and being paid for their service. Aliping saguiguilid- have no home thus lives with their master, can be sold by their masters, serves without getting paid, and cannot marry without the permission of their master.  LAWS Were either customary or written Dealt with various subjects such as inheritance, property rights, usury, family relations, adaption, loans, etc. Those found guilty of crimes were punished either by fine or by death; some punishments can be considered as torture by modern standards.  LEGISLATION Before laws are made, the chief consults with a council of elders who approved of his plan They are not immediately enforced until the new legislation is announced to the village by the Umalohokan, who explains the law to everyone.  JUDICIAL PROCESS Disputes between individuals were settled by a court made up of the village chief and the council of elders; between barangays, a board acted as arbiter The accused and the accuser faced each other in front of the court with their respective witnesses Both took an oath to tell the truth; most of the time, the one who presents the most witnesses wins the case If the losing party contests the decision, he is bound to lose in the end because the chief always takes the side of the winner.  TRIAL BY ORDEAL To determine the innocence of the an accused, he is made to go through a number of ordeals which he must pass Examples include dipping one’s hand in boiling water, holding a lighted candle that must not be extinguished, plunging into a river and staying underwater for as long as possible, chewing uncooked rice and spitting, etc. Among the Ifugao's, ordeal by combat was common, i.e. Bultong (wrestling) and Alaw (duel)  TRADE Was conducted between or among barangays, or even among the islands. There was trade too with other countries such as China, Siam, japan, Cambodia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and other islands of Malaysia. Did not use any currency but conducted trade through barter. Sometimes, goods were priced in terms of gold  RELIGION Polytheistic animism- all things have spirit must be attended to maintain good fortune and avoid bad Ancestor worship-taking on the aspect animals Magic and witchcraft-highly respected and greatly feared THE ARRIVAL OF THE SPANISH IN THE PHILIPPINES FERDINAND MAGELLAN MAGELLAN MET RAJAH HUMABON AT HOMONHON ISLAND LAPU-LAPU MIGUEL LOPEZ DE LEGAZPI  SOCIAL CLASSES Peninsulares-full blooded spanish living in the philippines and born in spain Insulares-full-blooded spanish living in the philippines and born in the philippines as well Illustrados-wealthy group of individuals born in the philippines and were able to study abroad Chinese/Spanish Mestizos- people with mixed racial origins and economically sufficient. Indio-native/full-blooded filipinos Sangley-full-blooded chinese living in the philippines  TAXATION SYSTEM CEDULA TAX- A form of taxation implemented in 1184. -This served as a paper which was used as proof that one was a colony of spain and a legitimate member of a pueblo.  BANDALA SYSTEM -A form of direct taxes that the Spaniards implemented in which the natives were coerced to sell their products to the government at very low prices  KASAMA SYSTEM The land owners supplied the seed and cash necessary to tide cultivators over during the planting season, whereas the cultivators provided tools and work animals were responsible for one half the expense of crop production Usually, the owner and sharecropper each took one half of the harvest, although only after the former deducted a portion for expenses.  POLO Y SERVICIO A system of forced labor for 40 days for men ranging from 16 to 60 years of age who were obliged to give personal services to community projects. One could be exempted from polo by paying the falla daily.