Pointers for 3rd Quarter UCSP

**Pointers for 3^rd^ Quarter UCSP** **Module 1** **Anthropology** is the branch of knowledge which deals with the scientific study of man, his works, his body, his behaviour and values, in time and space. **Archaeology** examines the remains of ancient and historical human populations to promote...

**Pointers for 3^rd^ Quarter UCSP** **Module 1** **Anthropology** is the branch of knowledge which deals with the scientific study of man, his works, his body, his behaviour and values, in time and space. **Archaeology** examines the remains of ancient and historical human populations to promote an understanding of how humans have adapted to their environment and developed. **Cultural anthropology** promotes the study of a society's culture through their belief systems, practices and possessions. **Physical anthropology** looks into the biological development of humans and their contemporary variation. **Applied anthropology** attempts to solve contemporary problems through the application of theories and approaches of the discipline. ***Sociology*** is "the scientific study of society, including patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture" ***scientific*** refers to the methodological and theoretical rigor ***sociology*** applies in its study of society and human behaviour. ***Society*** can be defined as a product of human interactions as humans subscribe to the rules of their culture. ***positive orientation*** perceives society as a quantifiable subject from which objective conclusions can be made. ***anti-positivist orientation*** promotes a subjective approach wherein social phenomena are understood through individual experiences. ***Political theory*** examines the contemporary application of political concepts such as human rights, equality, peace, and justice. ***Comparative politics*** is a branch of political science that aims to provide context to the differences in government and political systems. ***International relations*** encompasses the study of state-to-state relations and the wider margin of the impacts of globalization and climate such as terrorism, piracy, and democratization of non-Western territories fall into this category. ***Political behaviour*** covers the attitudes, knowledge, and actions of an individual in response to political variables such as policies created by the government, behaviour of politicians, and general political environment. ***Public policy*** inquires on the types of governmental policies and the underlying motivations for their enactment and implementation. ***Public administration*** examines the various administrative schemes implemented by government officials. ***Applied orientation*** all of its subdisciplines as they all address contemporary issues on politics, ethics, and governance. ***environment*** consists of the historical, social, and economic conditions of the society that affects the types of policies accepted and declined by the electorate ***state*** is a political entity that consists of four elements: territory, government, people, and sovereignty. ***government*** -the set of personnel who manages the affairs of the state in its act of allocating scarce values ***sovereignty*** refers to the capacity of a political system to implement its rulers and policies within its territory **Territory -**his is the geographic space in which the sovereignty of a state is exercised. A territory includes "the terrestrial, fluvial, and aerial domains, including its territorial seas, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas" **Module 2** **Society,** in this context, refers to a group of people sharing a common culture within a defined territorial boundary **Material cultures** consist of tangible things whereas non-material elements consist of intangible things. **Non-material culture** includes but not limited to the following: ideas, language and symbols, religion, and behavior, gestures and habits. **Knowledge-** It refers to any information received and perceived to be true. **Beliefs-** The perception of accepted reality. **Social Norms**- These are established expectations of society as to how a person is supposed to act depending on the requirements of the time, place, or situation. **Folkways**- The patterns of repetitive behaviour which becomes habitual and conventional part of living. **Mores-** The set of ethical standards and moral obligations as dictates of reason that distinguishes human acts as right or wrong or good or bad **Values**- Anything held to be relatively worthy, important, desirable or valuable **Module 3** ***Nationality*** is the identity that is tied to being part of a nation or country -- a "group of people who share the same history, traditions and language" and who inhabits a particular territory delineated by a political border and controlled by a government. ***Naturalization** -*Nationality can be acquired by being born in country or by the process of legal applications ***Ethnic groups-*** Within a nation are smaller cultural groups that share specific environments, traditions, and histories that are not necessarily subscribed to by the mainstream culture ***gender*** refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women." ***sex*** which refers to the biological characteristic of humans such as male or female, gender categories are more varied, accommodating identities such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI), among others. ***Heterosexual-*** A person with this gender is inclined to be sexually attracted to a person of the opposite sex. ***Homosexual**-* When a person is sexually attracted of the same sex ***Gay-*** A male who is romantically and sexually attracted to another male ***Lesbian***- a female who is romantically and sexually attracted to a female ***Bisexual-*** attracted to both sexes, ***Asexual-*** incapable of being attracted to any sex ***Polysexual-*** Individuals who are attracted to multiple types of gender ***Pansexual-*** accommodate all types of gender ***Transgender-*** there are people whose gender identities do not match their biological identity as male or female ***Transsexual-*** Their sexual orientation is not related to their genitalia, which allow them to identify with any other type of gender such as heterosexual, homosexual, pansexual, bisexual and asexual ***Political identity*** as a social category refers to the set of attitudes and practices that an individual adheres to in relation to the political systems and actors within his or her society ***Cultural variation*** refers to the differences in social behaviors that different cultures exhibit around the world ***Ethnocentrism*** is a perspective that promotes an individual's culture as the most efficient and superior; hence, the individual who exhibits ethnocentrism feels his or her culture is more appropriate as compared with other cultures **symbol** -is an object, word, or action that stands for something else with no natural relationship that is culturally defined. **Language** is the most often used form of symbolism