POC Questions PDF

Group 1: Alkali Metals 1.​ Which of the following statements best accounts for the observed trends in atomic radius, ionization energy, and reactivity of alkali metals as you move down Group 1 in the periodic table? A. Atomic radius increases due to the addition of electron shells,...

Group 1: Alkali Metals 1.​ Which of the following statements best accounts for the observed trends in atomic radius, ionization energy, and reactivity of alkali metals as you move down Group 1 in the periodic table? A. Atomic radius increases due to the addition of electron shells, ionization energy decreases because of reduced effective nuclear charge, and reactivity decreases due to weaker metallic bonding. B. Atomic radius increases due to greater electron shielding, ionization energy decreases because the valence electron is further from the nucleus, and reactivity increases as the outermost electron becomes easier to lose. C. Atomic radius remains constant, ionization energy decreases due to increased nuclear shielding, and reactivity increases because alkali metals are more electropositive down the group. D. Atomic radius increases due to stronger nuclear attraction, ionization energy decreases because of higher electron affinity, and reactivity decreases due to less metallic character. Correct Answer: B. Atomic radius increases due to greater electron shielding, ionization energy decreases because the valence electron is further from the nucleus, and reactivity increases as the outermost electron becomes easier to lose. 2.​ When an alkali metal reacts with water, hydrogen gas is released, and a hydroxide of the metal is formed. Considering their reactivity trends: Which of the following statements best describes the variation in the intensity of the reaction from lithium to cesium? A. Cesium reacts less vigorously than lithium because its larger size reduces hydration energy. B. Lithium reacts more violently due to its small size and high hydration energy. C. The reaction becomes increasingly violent from lithium to cesium because the ionization energy decreases, allowing the metal to more easily lose its valence electron. D. All alkali metals react with equal intensity because they form the same hydroxide and release the same amount of hydrogen gas per mole. Correct Answer: C. The reaction becomes increasingly violent from lithium to cesium because the ionization energy decreases, allowing the metal to more easily lose its valence electron. 3.​ Photoelectric cells are devices that convert light into electrical energy. Why is cesium used in manufacturing photoelectric cells? A. Because of its high melting point B. Because of its low ionization energy C. Because it is highly reactive with water D. Because it is the most abundant alkali metal Correct Answer: B. Because of its low ionization energy Group 2: Alkaline Metals 1.​ Alkali earth metals possess all of the following properties except: A. low ionization energy B. low electron affinity C. low electronegativity D. none of the above Correct Answer: D. none of the above 2.​ What type of cation typically forms when alkaline earth metals form an ionic bond? A. radical cations B. divalent cations C. univalent cations D. trivalent cation Correct Answer: B. divalent cations 3.​ Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of strontium compounds in fireworks? A. Strontium compounds produce a blue color in fireworks by emitting light at a wavelength of 450 nm. B. Strontium compounds are used in fireworks to create a bright red color by emitting light in the red region of the spectrum. C. Strontium salts are primarily used to produce green colors in fireworks. D. Strontium compounds are used to enhance the sound effects in fireworks. Correct Answer: B. Strontium compounds are used in fireworks to create a bright red color by emitting light in the red region of the spectrum. Group 3 1.​ Which among the following is true about the flammability of Yttrium? A. Yttrium is is highly flammable at room temperature B. Yttrium ignites spontaneously when heated. C. Yttrium is flammable when divided or in powdered form. D. Yttrium is non-flammable under any condition. Correct Answer: C. Yttrium is flammable when divided or in powdered form. 2.​ Which property of Scandium is responsible for its primary industrial application? A. Scandium has a high thermal conductivity. B. Scandium is low in density and possess high strength. C. Scandium is resistant to corrosion. D. Scandium has the ability to form phosphorescent compounds. Correct Answer: B. Scandium is low in density and possess high strength. 3.​ Why do lanthanum and actinium still be considered as elements under the Group IIIB when they themselves possess features that lanthanides and actinides groups are subjected to? A. It is due to their oxidation states. Commonly, the oxidation states of lanthanum and actinium match the scandium and yttrium. They have the common oxidation state of +3. B. Their placement of lanthanum and actinium under Group IIIB is electrons filling out the f-orbitals, but also have a partially d-filled orbital which makes their 5d¹ and 6d¹ places them in Group IIIB. C. Their atomic numbers 57 and 89, which are after Barium and Radium respectively, places them under Scandium and Yttrium. D. Their flammability when in a certain form matches scandium and yttrium. Correct Answer: B. Their placement of lanthanum and actinium under Group IIIB is electrons filling out the f-orbitals, but also have a partially d-filled orbital which makes their 5d¹ and 6d¹ places them in Group IIIB. Group 4 1.​ Which of the following is the primary reason titanium is used extensively in aerospace and biomedical applications? A. Its ability to form alloys with a wide range of metals B. Its high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent corrosion resistance C. Its low melting point and ease of processing D. Its ability to conduct electricity efficiently Correct Answer: B. Its high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent corrosion resistance 2.​ What is the primary reason hafnium is often chosen as an alloying element in high-temperature applications? A. Its ability to form strong, lightweight compounds B. Its high electrical conductivity C. Its excellent resistance to corrosion and oxidation at high temperatures D. Its low thermal conductivity Correct Answer: C. Its excellent resistance to corrosion and oxidation at high temperatures  3.​ What is Zirconium mostly used for? A. To make electrical wires B. As a catalyst in petroleum refining C. In the production of nuclear reactors due to its resistance to corrosion and ability to withstand high temperatures D. As a gemstone in jewelry Correct Answer: C. In the production of nuclear reactors due to its resistance to corrosion and ability to withstand high temperatures Group 5 1.​ Most of the elements in this group were discovered twice and have the property of being refractory metals, hard, and resist wear and heat. Correct Answer: Group 5B 2.​ The first three elements where its name came from mythological figures in group 5B? Correct Answer: Vanadium, Niobium and Tantalum 3.​ An element in Group 5B created through bombarding Americium atoms with neon ions. Correct Answer: Dubnium Group 6 1.​ What is the primary use of chromium in manufacturing? A. Plant Fertilizer B. Stainless Steel Alloy C. Car Tires D. Photo Frames Correct Answer: B. Stainless Steel Alloy 2.​ What is the densest metal, often used in light bulbs? A. Cobalt B. Gold C. Iron D. Tungsten Correct Answer: D. Tungsten  3.​ Seaborgium is a synthetic element. Where is it typically produced? A. Particle Accelerators B. School Laboratory C. House Garage D. Quarries Correct Answer: A. Particle Accelerators Group 7 1.​ What was the first element to be produced artificially, and from which Greek word is its name derived? A. Beryllium, Bērullos B. Technetium, Tekhnetos C. Helium, Helios D. Antimony, Stibium Correct Answer: B. Technetium, Tekhnetos 2.​ The main reason why rhenium has a high melting point. A. Due to its hexagonal close-packed crystal structure B. Because rhenium is not a refractory metal C. Due to its high vapor pressure Correct Answer: A. Due to its hexagonal close-packed crystal structure 3.​ What property makes technetium-99m particularly useful? A. Long half-life B. Inability to bind to biologically active molecules C. Short half-life and ability to bind to biologically active molecules. D. Common occurrence in nature Correct Answer: C. Short half-life and ability to bind to biologically active molecules. Group 8 1.​ Ruthenium belongs to what group of ores? Correct Answer: Platinum group 2.​ What are the isotopes used to make Hassium? Correct Answer: Iron (58) and Lead (265)  3.​ "The elements found in this group are oxidation and corrosion-inert" Is the statement above correct? If not, state why. Correct Answer: Yes, but they can form oxides at the right conditions Group 9 1.​ What is a common use of rhodium? A. Making steel alloys B. As a catalyst in catalytic converters C. In lightbulbs D. As a food preservative Correct Answer: B. As a catalyst in catalytic converters 2.​ Which Group 9 element is the rarest naturally occurring element on Earth? A. Cobalt B. Rhodium C. Iridium D. Meitnerium Correct Answer: C. Iridium 3.​ What is the primary use of iridium? A. Making coins B. In electronics C. As a catalyst in chemical reactions D. Hardening platinum alloys Correct Answer: D. Hardening platinum alloys Group 10 1.​ Most noble metals like Platinum are commonly used in jewelries due to their durability. Which chemical property of Platinum makes it durable? Correct Answer: Resists corrosion due to its unreactivity. 2.​ Given the electronic configuration of some elements under the Group 10. (i.e., Nickel:[ Ar ] 3d10 4s0, Palladium: [ Kr ] 4d10, Platinum:[Xe]6s04f145d10) What can you conclude about its reactivity? A. Reactive B. Partially reactive C. Slightly reactive D. Unreactive Correct Answer: D. Unreactive 3.​ Which of the following applications is NOT a common use for at least one of the elements in Group 10? A. Catalytic converters in automobiles B. Jewellery and decorative items C. Production of batteries D. Electrical wiring Correct Answer: D. Electrical wiring Group 11 1.​ In what medium does gold dissolve? A. Piranha Solution B. Oil of Vitriol C. Aqua Regia D. Alchemist's Solvent Correct Answer: C. Aqua Regia 2.​ What property of silver halides makes them important for traditional photography? A. High conductivity B. Photochemical reactivity C. Corrosion resistance D. Light sensitivity Correct Answer: D. Light sensitivity 3.​ Why is Roentgenium placed in Group 11? A. Its predicted electron configuration and properties resemble gold B. It exhibits similar reactivity to gold C. It shares similar chemical bonding with copper D. Its predicted atomic radius matches that of silver Correct Answer: A. Its predicted electron configuration and properties resemble gold Group 12 1.​ Zinc is commonly used in various industrial applications, and one of the most common uses of zinc is in galvanizing steel and iron to protect them from corrosion. Aside from its anti-corrosion properties, what is another important use of zinc in galvanization? A. To enhance the electrical conductivity of the steel B. To enhance the strength and hardness of the materials C. To make the material easy to weld D. To prevent the formation of rust in the materials on exposed surfaces Correct Answer: D. To prevent the formation of rust in the materials on exposed surfaces 2.​ What process did Sigurd Hofmann's research group use to synthesize Copernicium? A. Bombarding lead with zinc nuclei at high speed B. Fusing gold and platinum atoms C. Colliding uranium and thorium atoms D. Bombarding radium with calcium ions Correct Answer: A. Bombarding lead with zinc nuclei at high speed 3.​ Cadmium does not corrode easily. Given this chemical property, what is the best use for cadmium? A. pigments B. electroplating C nuclear neutron absorbers D. thermal and electrical conductors Correct Answer: B. electroplating Group 13: Boron Group 1.​ Why is Aluminum generally resistant to corrosion? Correct Answer: It immediately forms a protective layer of Aluminum oxide due to its high chemical affinity to oxygen 2.​ Why allium and indium can wet glass? Correct Answer:Because they oxidized quickly where the oxide layer allows the liquid metal to wet the glass.  3.​ It is a synthetic, radioactive, and transuranium element that has no other specific use apart from basic research and is also the first element in the periodic table to be discovered in an Asian country. Correct Answer: Nihonium Group 14: Carbon Family 1.​ What makes tin and lead good for soldering? Correct Answer: Lead and tin have a low melting point and create solid bonds with other metals, making them suitable for soldering. Tin-lead solder can be used to link dissimilar metals like copper and brass since it has a lower melting point than the metals it is bonding with. This is helpful for electronics since high temperatures can cause heat-sensitive parts to melt, shatter, or distort. 2.​ How do the physical properties of the elements in the carbon family (Group 14) change as you move from carbon to lead? Correct Answer: As you move down the carbon family from carbon to lead, the physical properties change significantly. Carbon exists as a nonmetal (graphite and diamond), silicon and germanium are metalloids, while tin and lead are metals. Atomic size increases, melting and boiling points generally decrease. These changes reflect the shift from non metallic to metallic characteristics in the elements. 3.​ Graphite is used as a lubricant in high-temperature environments because: A. It has a low melting point. B. It has a layered structure with weak forces between layers. C. It is soluble in water. D. It reacts easily with oxygen. Correct Answer: B. It has a layered structure with weak forces between layers Group 15: Nitrogen Family 1.​ What does bismuth look like when it oxidizes? A.Shiny silver with a mirror-like finish B. Iridescent, with rainbow-like colors C. Dull gray powder D. Bright blue crystalline structure Correct answer: B. Iridescent, with rainbow-like colors  2.​ What is formed when arsenic is exposed to a humid atmosphere? A. An intense blue flame B. A black oxide layer C. Nothing D. A bright and silvery metal Correct answer: B. A black oxide layer 3.​ The following are part of the 5 major processes of the nitrogen cycle except: A. Ammonification B. Fixation C. Nitrification D. Dissimilation Correct answer: D. Dissimilation Group 16: Chalcogen 1.​ Which of the following statements about the Chalcogen Group is incorrect? A. Elements in this group commonly form -2 oxidation states in compounds. B. Polonium, a member of this group, is a radioactive metalloid. C. All chalcogens exist as diatomic molecules under standard conditions. D. Selenium and tellurium exhibit both metallic and nonmetallic behavior. Correct Answer: C. All chalcogens exist as diatomic molecules under standard conditions. 2.​ Which of the following statements about the Chalcogen group is correct? A. All chalcogens are gas at room temperature B. Chalcogens never form ionic bonding C.Chalcogens always forms two bonds in compounds D. All chalcogens have 6 valence electrons Correct Answer: D. All chalcogens have 6 valence electrons 3.​ Which of the following best describes why Chalcogens are grouped together in Group 16 of the periodic table? A. They all have six valence electrons and similar chemical properties. B. They all exist as diatomic molecules under standard conditions. C. They are all gases at room temperature. D. They all display only one oxidation state. Correct answer: A. They all have six valence electrons and similar chemical properties. Group 17: Halogens 1.​ Which of the following statements about the halogens (Group 17 elements) is incorrect? I. Fluorine is the least reactive halogen and has the lowest electronegativity among the halogens. II. Bromine is a gas at room temperature, while chlorine is a liquid at room temperature. III. Iodine is a solid at room temperature and is the least reactive halogen. IV. The boiling points of halogens increase as you go down Group 17 due to stronger intermolecular forces and larger atomic size. A. I only B. I and II C. II and III A. IV only Correct answer: B. I and II 2.​ Discuss the trend in electronegativity within Group 7A. How does this trend affect the chemical properties of the halogens? A. Electronegativity increases down the group, making halogens less reactive. B. Electronegativity decreases down the group, making halogens more reactive. C. Electronegativity decreases down the group, making halogens less reactive. D. Electronegativity remains constant, affecting the chemical properties uniformly. Correct answer: C. Electronegativity decreases down the group, making halogens less reactive. 3.​ Chlorine is known for being a strong oxidizer due to its position in the Halogen Group. Moreover, bleach (sodium hypochlorite) contains chlorine as one of its active ingredients. In relation to its strong oxidation properties, what causes the whitening of colored fabrics when exposed to bleach? A. Chlorine removes the color by reacting with the fabric’s natural fibers and making them colorless. B. Chlorine oxidizes the pigment molecules in the fabric, breaking them down and causing them to lose their color. C. Chlorine bonds with the fabric’s fibers, changing their structure and reflecting white light. D. Chlorine absorbs the color from the fabric and releases it into the air, leaving the fabric white. Correct answer : B. Chlorine oxidizes the pigment molecules in the fabric, breaking them down and causing them to lose their color. Group 18: Noble Gases 1.​ What element's isotope was used to define a meter from 1960 to 1983? Correct Answer: Krypton 2.​ What element turns bluish-purple when being electrified? Correct Answer: Xenon 3.​ True or False The ionization energy required to remove an electron from a noble gas’ atom is inversely proportional to its atomic radius. Correct Answer: True Group 19: Actinides 1.​ Despite creating ________ that is meant to be weaponized during the WWII, being announced in The Quiz Kids which is a Children's ___________ is somehow ironic. A. Americium-239, TV Show B. Americium-241, Radio Show C. Americium-239, Radio Show D. Americium-241, TV Show Correct Answer: B. Americium-241, Radio Show 2.​ Why is californium-252 often used in neutron activation analysis? A. It can absorb neutrons very easily. B. It gives off a lot of neutrons when it breaks apart on its own. C. It doesn’t react with air or water. D. It lasts a long time, so it can be reused many times. Correct Answer: B. It gives off a lot of neutrons when it breaks apart on its own. 3.​ The following are naturally occurring isotopes of the element Uranium. Which of the following is the only fissile naturally occuring isotope? A. U-235 B. U-238 C. U-234 D. None of the above Correct Answer: A. U-235 Group 20: Lanthanides 1.​ Which of the following statements about the lanthanide contraction is FALSE? A. The lanthanide contraction occurs due to poor shielding by 4f orbital B. The size of ions in the lanthanide series decreases steadily from La 3+ to Lu 3+,despite an increase in atomic number. C. The lanthanide contraction leads to the formation of similar-sized ions for lanthanides and the early 3d transition metals,such as Y 3+ and Zr 4+. D. The lanthanide contraction is more pronounced in the 5d transition series than in 4d series. Correct Answer: D. The lanthanide contraction is more pronounced in the 5d transition series than in 4d series. 2.​ Which of the following statements best describes the Oddo-Harkins rule as it relates to the lanthanides? A. Lanthanides with even atomic numbers are more abundant than those with odd atomic numbers. B. Lanthanides with odd atomic numbers are more abundant than those with even atomic numbers. C. The abundance of lanthanides shows no correlation with their atomic numbers. D.The Oddo-Harkins rule does not apply to lanthanides. Correct Answer: A. Lanthanides with even atomic numbers are more abundant than those with odd atomic numbers. 3.​ Which of the following correctly pairs a lanthanide element with its unique characteristic or application? A. Praseodymium – Used in cryocoolers and skin cancer treatment. B. Samarium – Known as the "MRI magician" and used in nuclear reactors. C. Europium – A key component in glass for fluorescent lamps and LEDs. D. Ytterbium – Highly reactive with oxygen, forming oxides rapidly. Correct Answer: C. Europium – A key component in glass for fluorescent lamps and LEDs.