E-Lecture: Process of Communication PDF

PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF IBN KHALDOUN – TIARET FACULTY OF LETTERS AND LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH...

PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF IBN KHALDOUN – TIARET FACULTY OF LETTERS AND LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH E-LECTURE Teacher’s Name: Dr. Moulai Hacene Grade: 3rd Year Licence Module: Communication Sciences Groups: 1 – 3 - 6 PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION 1. Source or Sender: This is the originator of the message. It could be a person, a group, or even a machine. The sender has a particular intent or message they want to convey. 2. Encoding: Before sending the message, the sender encodes it. Encoding refers to the process of converting thoughts or ideas into a code or language that can be understood by others. This could involve putting feelings into words, selecting symbols, or preparing a data packet for digital transmission. 3. Message: The encoded thoughts, ideas, or information that the sender wishes to convey is termed as the message. It can be verbal, non-verbal, written, or visual. 4. Channel: The medium through which the message is sent to the receiver is called the channel. It can be verbal like spoken words, written like letters or emails, or even non-verbal like body language. With advancements in technology, channels can also be electronic like SMS, social media, and more. 5. Noise: During transmission, the message can encounter barriers or 'noise'. Noise refers to any kind of disturbance that affects the clarity, accuracy, or comprehensibility of the message. It can be: External Noise: External disturbances like loud sounds, poor signal reception, etc. Internal Noise: Psychological or emotional factors that impact the understanding of the message, like preconceptions, misconceptions, or emotional states. Semantic Noise: Occurs when sender and receiver interpret the message's symbols or words differently. 6. Receiver: The individual or group for whom the message is intended. The receiver could be a person, a group of people, or even a machine in the case of digital communications. 7. Decoding: Once the message is received, it's decoded by the receiver. Decoding is the process of interpreting the sender's message and converting it back into thoughts or ideas. This involves understanding the language, symbols, and context in which the message was sent. 8. Feedback: After decoding the message, the receiver often sends feedback to the original sender. Feedback is the receiver's response to the message and confirms that the message was understood (or misunderstood). It can be in the form of a reply, an action, a nod, etc. 9. Context: All communication happens within a context. This context can be physical, social, chronological, or cultural. Each aspect of context can impact the way the message is encoded, transmitted, received, and decoded. To visualize, think of communication as a loop: the sender sends a message to the receiver, and then the receiver provides feedback, which then might be interpreted by the original sender, and so on. Effective communication happens when the intended message from the sender is accurately decoded and understood by the receiver. However, various factors can hinder effective communication, including poor encoding, noise, ineffective channels, and incorrect decoding. Being aware of these elements and actively working to enhance each step can lead to better, clearer communication. Both the sender and the receiver play integral roles in the communication process. For communication to be truly effective, both parties need to be actively involved, practicing these essential characteristics.