PMLS 1 Lecture Topics 3 PDF

OPPORTUNITIES FOR AND CHALLENGES FACED BY MEDICAL TECHNOLOGISTS (see SUBA et al, CHAPTER 2, pp. 45-47) Job Opportunities and Challenges for Medical Technologists are concentrated in various areas: Laboratories A medical...

OPPORTUNITIES FOR AND CHALLENGES FACED BY MEDICAL TECHNOLOGISTS (see SUBA et al, CHAPTER 2, pp. 45-47) Job Opportunities and Challenges for Medical Technologists are concentrated in various areas: Laboratories A medical laboratory technologist may be employed in the following fields: immunology and serology; cell marker technology, which is a specialized technology in clinical laboratory, wherein cell markers are identified, monitored, and examined; bioengineering, a promising field that deals with the use of genetic technologies in evaluating and diagnosing genetic disorders; and cancer research. Clinical Areas In clinical areas, medical laboratory technologists have the opportunity to be employed in drug testing centers as long as they have received proper training in drug testing at a duly accredited drug testing training center. A center employing biogenetics or stem cell center, especially a cord blood center, would probably be the best center for medical technologists. Business and Industrial Areas These include the offering of services such as product development and design, marketing and sales, quality control and assurance, environmental health, and insurance. Academic Areas The most noble job opportunities for medical laboratory technologists are those in teaching and research. However, these job opportunities may require higher education attainment and experience. Challenges Faced by Medical Technology Professionals Future Challenges Medical technologists are in extremely high demand, but laboratory activities involve some sophisticated techniques that require special training. Current Challenges The vacancy rate for medical technologists among all laboratory careers is the highest at 10.4%, especially in those careers that require involvement in high risk laboratory activities.  MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES: PROBLEMS, NEEDS, AND DEMANDS OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SERVICES (see SUBA et al, CHAPTER 2, p. 47) Medical technology students often dream of pursuing studies abroad after completing their degrees. The high cost of college education, especially for those who go to medical schools, makes them very eager to seek a high-paying job that is internationally recognized. In the Philippines, wages are low. This is the main reason why so many Filipinos opt to go abroad to work once they graduate. Due to the nature of work, technologists may spend whole day on duty. Some clinics only hire one medical technologist with no day off and ten-hour work days; which affect the efficiency and even the health of the medical technologist. Medical schools are raising their requirement for advanced training facilities including programs and new advances in the ever changing healthcare environment in order to create the best clinical environment for students to master the principles and theories of medicine. Taking up Medical Technology in the Philippines is one great advantage because the Philippine health system is patterned after the United States health system (i.e. passing the ASCP – American Society for Clinical Pathology examination gives additional credential to the applicant). Health professionals permanently migrate to developed countries. Emigration of professional manpower in 1982, had a total of 14,000 medical doctors and about 89,000 nurses who moved from the Philippines to other countries (mainly the United States). More students are opting for BSMT as a preparatory course to medicine, resulting to a noticeable increase in enrollment in Medical Technology course. Nursing program has decreased tremendously due to freeze hiring of nurses overseas; thus students have transferred to BSMT course. With the increase in population, there is also a considerable increase in the demand for their services.  MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION Constitutes one area of medical and health profession A dynamic medical profession at the forefront of medical science discovery Constantly changing and advancing as new technology evolves Profession in high demand; “best jobs” Positions available are Master’s degree and PhD level practitioners Unlimited choice of practice settings; hospital, reference laboratory, physician’s office, research, industry, sales, biotechnology PROFESSIONALS WITHIN THE CLINICAL LABORATORY I. CLINICAL LABORATORY PRACTITIONERS Clinical Laboratory Scientist/Medical Technologist Clinical Laboratory Technician/Medical Laboratory Technician II. OTHER LABORATORY PRACTITIONERS Pathologist Phlebotomist/Phlebotomy Technologist Cytotechnologist Histotechnologist/Histologic Technician Categorical Practitioner Specialist Cytogenetic Technologist Blood Bank Technologist Nuclear Medical Technologist Toxicologist CLINICAL LABORATORY PRACTITIONERS (MT/CLS OR MLT/CLT) Perform tests that analyze blood, urine, tissue, or other body specimens Use complex instrumentation, sophisticated techniques, and specialized knowledge to provide critical data for diagnosis, treatment planning, and preventive health care I. MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST/CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENTIST In the Philippines, practicing Medical Technologists work under the supervision of a pathologist in a hospital-based or free-standing laboratory. Classification in other countries: - Medical Laboratory Technologist 1: for a resident of that country - Medical Laboratory Technologist 2: for a non-resident who has experience and a license from other countries, such as the Philippines In the Philippines, practicing Medical Technologists/CLS are licensed and registered with the PRC. Perform the following duties and responsibilities, including but not limited to: (see Suba et al, Chapter 2, pp. 32-33) - Examination of laboratory specimen - Setting and implementing a quality control program - Setting and implementing laboratory safety measures - Regular calibration of instruments and equipment - Operation of laboratory instruments ranging from a simple microscope to a complex automated equipment - Conducting of research activities and exploration of new discoveries in the field of science and biotechnology - Collection of laboratory specimens for examination May handle routine testing and tasks that a MLT/CLT does but are capable of handling abnormal samples or more difficult and complex test Responsible for supervising the MLT/CLT May also work with other healthcare professionals to provide information for establishing appropriate, cost-effective testing protocols for suspected diagnosis. II. MEDICAL/CLINICAL LABORATORY TECHNICIAN In the Philippines, MLT/CLT are those who did not satisfactorily pass the licensure examination for Medical Technologists administered by PRC or students who unsatisfactorily completed the Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology program. In other countries, they are called laboratory assistants. They can only be promoted into full-fledged Medical Technologists if they satisfactorily pass the licensure examination administered by PRC, but subject to CHED Memorandum order.  They have limited functions in the laboratory, which include: (see Suba et al, Chapter 2, pp. 33-34) - Perform less complex tests and laboratory procedures - Carrying out an inventory of laboratory materials - Preparation of patients for laboratory examination Performs routine testing on specimens, quality control tasks, calibrate instruments and perform preventive maintenance, and report normal test results. Usually work under the supervision of the MT/CLS or a laboratory manager. OTHER LABORATORY PRACTITIONERS Pathologist - A medical doctor who studies the cause and development of disease - Clinical pathologists mainly examine body fluids, including blood, urine, and bone marrow. - Anatomical pathologists analyze samples of tissue and cells to aid in determining the diagnosis and cause of diseases. Phlebotomist/Phlebotomy Technologist - Specially trained person who is responsible for drawing blood from patients - Collects quality samples from the patient to produce quality laboratory results Cytotechnologist - Prepares and examines slides of cells - Microscopically examines human cell samples for early signs of cancer and other diseases - Best known for the performance of papanicolaou smear examination for cervical cancer, but they examine many other types of specimens as well - Performs special chemical stains and techniques as well as determine differences among inflammatory, viral, and malignant changes in cells - Other countries hold a doctor of medicine degree with laboratory pathology specialization Histologic Technician - Routinely prepares, processes, and stains biopsy and tissue specimens for microscopic examination by a pathologist Histotechnologist - Performs all aspects of a job that Histologic Technicians do but also perform more complex processing, staining, or identification procedures - Prepares solid tissue such as biopsy samples and tumors for microscopic examination - Main focus: to determine any abnormality in tissues  Categorical Practitioner - Educated and trained in only one laboratory discipline and therefore can only work in that particular area of the clinical or reference laboratory Specialist - Works for a number of years in a specific discipline and who has extensive knowledge and experience in this area (take and pass an exam to demonstrate expertise in the discipline) Cytogenetic Technologist - Cultures cells from tissue and body fluid in order to obtain chromosomes for analysis Blood Bank Technologists - They specialize in the process of testing and preparing of blood for transfusion Nuclear Medical Technologists - They are highly specialized health care professionals who look at how the body functions. This is to help in diagnosis and treatment of a range of conditions and diseases. - They prepare and administer small amounts of radioactive substances called radiopharmaceuticals to patients for diagnosis and treatments. Toxicologists - They perform tests on samples collected by crime scene investigators. - The samples tested could be gases (such as carbon monoxide), illicit drugs, prescription drugs, poisons, alcohol, metals, and other poisons when poisoning or drug overdoses are expected. CHARACTERISTICS OF CLINICAL/MEDICAL LABORATORY PRACTITIONERS (see Suba et al, Chapter 2, p. 36) Problem solvers Focused - Ability to work with precision and accuracy Good communication skills Trustworthy Efficient and Self-reliant Dignified and Respectable Role Models Self-motivated  EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR MEDICAL TECHNOLOGISTS/CLT In general, a medical technologist plays both traditional and nontraditional roles in laboratory medicine: I. Traditional Roles Hospital clinical laboratory Traditional disciplines Infection control POC testing (usually brought to the patient’s bedside e.g. portable glucometer for Blood Glucose determination) Research (hospital medical center) Reference laboratory (i.e. RITM, HIV laboratory) Sales/technical representative Laboratory administration MedTech educator II. Nontraditional Roles Infection control POC testing Quality assurance Special laboratories - Fertility - Cytogenetics - Transplant/Antigen Matching - Forensics - Flow Cytometry Veterinary laboratory Industrial laboratory Corporate research and development New product development Consultant to physician office laboratories Laboratory inspector Public health laboratory Laboratory marketing and sales Hospital administration Manager of group practice laboratory Lab/hospital information systems Patient educator Patient case manager  PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 1 ACTIVITY NO. 2 DIGITAL ART ON THE PROFESSIONALS WITHIN THE CLINICAL LABORATORY NAME: SECTION: I. OBJECTIVES 1. To create and design a digital art that thoroughly portrays the roles of the different laboratory practitioners as understood by the students. 2. To present an output that is well-thought of, cohesive, and informative, highlighting the camaraderie of the group. II. INSTRUCTIONS 1. The group must create a digital art piece that depicts the roles of the different laboratory practitioners, whether the clinical lab practitioners or the other lab practitioners such as the pathologist, phlebotomist, toxicologist, or the other examples mentioned in the lecture. Illustrate creatively as to how you imagine them working in the laboratory. You may choose more than 1 professional and put them together into one cohesive digital art. 2. The digital art should show the entire scene and all the elements that would help emphasize their specific roles. There is no specific size or dimensions for the output as long as the resulting photo is of optimal quality and that details of the digital art is visible and pleasing to the eyes. 3. The digital art does not necessarily have to be drawn. You may choose to either electronically draw it like a vector art or you may just put together pre-made symbols or elements into one digital art. You are free to choose your own colors, textures, and styles. You are given the freedom to creatively express your knowledge and skills through art. As much as possible, try to avoid using distracting elements or colors. 4. After creating your digital art, take a photo of yourself in a plain background. You can choose to do it in whole-body or just half (just below torso). After which, edit the photo and set the digital art you made as your background. You may dress-up and pose as if you are included in the scene or you may just simply  smile and pose over your digital art background. Label this edited photo with your complete name on the bottom left corner. 5. Lastly, combine all these edited photos from each member into one final collage. You can be creative in designing the presentation of your group’s collage. Take note: It should be a collage of each of the member’s photos with the digital art background, not a collage of all the individual cut-out photos in one background. Label the entire collage with your block/section and group number. 6. Group leaders should make sure to delegate tasks properly and group members should deliver to their delegated tasks. Everyone in the group should contribute to completing the final output. 7. Summary of what to submit as a group: a. 1 digital art on any of the professionals within the clinical laboratory b. 1 collage for each of the group members’ photos with the digital art as background 8. Submit both outputs separately in JPEG or preferably PNG format. Do not compile them in one PDF format. 9. Please see the rubrics on the following page as a guide in creating your digital art. Grading and evaluation will be based on the rubrics provided. 10. Submit all soft copy outputs only via Microsoft Teams. Submit individually through the ASSIGNMENTS tab of your section. File name format: (2 separate files) BLOCK - GROUP NO. - DIGITAL ART BLOCK - GROUP NO. - MEMBERS COLLAGE Example: BSMT1A - GROUP1 - DIGITAL ART File format: JPEG or PNG 11. Deadline of outputs will be on or before September 13, 2024 (Friday) at 11:59 PM. No extensions will be given. Failure to submit output is equivalent to absence and non-compliance for additional grades. For any questions, kindly ask the assigned lecturer.  VELEZ COLLEGE COLLEGE OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 1 ACTIVITY NO. 2: DIGITAL ART ON THE PROFESSIONALS WITHIN THE CLINICAL LABORATORY BEGINNING DEVELOPING ACCOMPLISHED EXEMPLARY CRITERIA SCORE 1 2 3 4 DIGITAL ART Quality of 25% or less of the 50% of the elements 75% of the elements All elements presented Content and elements presented are presented are accurate presented are accurate are accurate and valid. Accuracy accurate and valid. and valid. and valid. Creativity Output lacks style and Output lacks style and Output is well-made and Output is well-designed creativity is not creativity is only slightly creativity is demonstrated and creativity is clearly demonstrated. demonstrated. and expressed. demonstrated and expressed. Design/Visual Absence of visual Majority of the parts are Some parts are not All parts of the digital art Appeal appeal. Presence of very not visually appealing. visually are visually appealing and distracting elements. Presence of distracting appealing. Presence of eye catching. Absence of elements. slightly distracting distracting elements. elements. Color Color scheme is Color scheme is not 10ot Color scheme is pleasing Color scheme is pleasing Scheme distracting 10ot he eyes he10sing 10ot he eyes, to the eyes, blends well as to the eyes, blends well as and color choices do not color choices do not a whole, but with a few a whole, and no match. match, with noticeable noticeable distracting distracting colors present. distracting colors. colors. Neatness & Presentation of output is Presentation of output is Presentation of output is Presentation of output is Organization disorganized and slightly disorganized and neat & organized and impressively neat & objectives of the activity objectives of the activity objectives of the activity organized and objectives are not achieved. are somewhat achieved. are achieved. of the activity are achieved. Originality Digital art was copied Some of the content were Majority of the content All contents were from an existing format. presented in an innovative were presented in an presented in an innovative format. innovative format. format. COLLAGE OF MEMBERS Creativity Output lacks style and Output lacks style and Output is well-made and Output is well-designed creativity is not creativity is only slightlycreativity is demonstrated and creativity is clearly demonstrated. demonstrated. and expressed. demonstrated and expressed. Design/Visual Absence of visual Majority of the parts are Some parts are not All parts of the collage are Appeal appeal. Presence of very not visually appealing. visually visually appealing and eye distracting elements. Presence of distracting appealing. Presence of catching. Absence of elements. slightly distracting distracting elements. elements. Color Color scheme is Color scheme is not so Color scheme is pleasing Color scheme is pleasing Scheme distracting to the eyes and pleasing to the eyes, color to the eyes, blends well as to the eyes, blends well as color choices do not choices do not match, a whole, but with a few a whole, and no match. with noticeable distracting noticeable distracting distracting colors present. colors. colors. Neatness & Presentation of output is Presentation of output is Presentation of output is Presentation of output is Organization disorganized and slightly disorganized and neat & organized and impressively neat & objectives of the activity objectives of the activity objectives of the activity organized and objectives are not achieved. are somewhat achieved. are achieved. of the activity are achieved. Originality Digital art was copied Some of the content were Majority of the content All contents were from an existing format. presented in an innovative were presented in an presented in an innovative format. innovative format. format.  BEGINNING DEVELOPING ACCOMPLISHED EXEMPLARY CRITERIA SCORE 1 2 3 4 OVER – ALL PERFORMANCE Over-all Output needs Output needs minor Output is done well and Output is very impressive Presentation improvement and improvements and presented the digital art and presented the digital presented the digital art presented the digital art with a few technical art perfectly, way beyond with many technical with moderate technical glitches. expectations. glitches. glitches. Knowledge Presentation of complex Some of the complex topic Majority of the complex All complex topic was Transfer topic was not converted was converted into topic was converted into converted into Potential into understandable understandable format. understandable format. understandable format. format. Visuals convey a Visuals are at odds with the Data visualization Data visualization meaning contrary to the content of information. matches the content of matches the content of content of information. information. information. Demonstrates Insensitive to the needs Most often insensitive to Sometimes insensitive to Sensitive to the needs of Concern for of the people around the needs of the people the needs of the people the people around Others him/her as well as those around him/her as well as around him/her as well as him/her as well as those with gender, ethnic, or those with gender, ethnic, those with gender, ethnic, with gender, ethnic, or cultural issues. or cultural issues. or cultural issues. cultural issues. Ability to Was not able to follow the Was not able to follow most Followed most of the Followed all the given Follow given instructions. of the given instructions. given instructions with a instructions perfectly. Instructions few technical errors. Punctuality Output was submitted Output was submitted 4-7 Output was submitted 1-3 Output is submitted on more than a week late. days late. days late. time. Participation Only a few of the Some of the members of Most of the members of All the members of the members of the group the group participated. the group participated. group participated. participated. Output Output submitted lacks the Output submitted is a Output submitted is submitted is incoherent. collaborative efforts of the result of the collaborative obviously a result of the group. efforts of the group. collaborative efforts of the group. Highest Possible Score (68) Grade = Total Score/68 x 100