Health Promotion and Planning Exam PDF

Chapter 1: - - - - - America: - - - - - Health educator VS. health promotion: Health educator: uses evidenced based practice and thepories to provide opportunities to acquire knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to adopt these health behaviors Health promotion: broad...

Chapter 1: - - - - - America: - - - - - Health educator VS. health promotion: Health educator: uses evidenced based practice and thepories to provide opportunities to acquire knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to adopt these health behaviors Health promotion: broader view, plans combination of education with politics, Environmental, Regulatory mechanisms that support actions of health Worksite wellness: Jobs found here are health educators, coaches, wellness program coordinator, and account manager Hospitals: Jobs would be behavioral health coordinator. Behavioral health consultant, behavioral health manager, behavioral health director Primary prevention: in healthy pops, keeping them healthier Secondary: symptoms or risks of disease present Tertiary: disease/illness impairing significantly In health promotion there is limitations sometime bc we have to assume things like: Health status can be changed, health is determined by these factors,. Behaviors can change Chapter 2: planning process Community tool box: this is a resource that provides step by steps guidance for those planning to build healthier communities; offers tips and tools for the planning and taking action Planning is a multistep process - - - - Preplanning: identify and engage partners- how will partners be selected and are you gonna use a top down or bottom up approach Identify and secure resources- Budget, external funds,community resources **Step 1 of planning:** **Create a rationale to gain support of decision makers** Decision makers= people who provide necessary resources and support - - Top down: when push for the program is coming from the boss or decision maker itself Bottom up: push is coming from people in community or lower down, takes a large amount of them to impact change and requires an organization **Steps to create a program rationale:** 1. - - - - - Knowing data resources during this step is important: **CDC:** national level info/data **City Health Dashboard:** city level data, comprehensive from cities of US- but can explore your city **Our world in data:** global data, can compare cross country and assess global issues **County Health Rankings;** ranks all the counties in us based on health factors **Healthy people 2030:** provides goals and aims for us health and targets improving the next decade of us health **Literature searches:** peer reviewed articles with data and studies Quality of evidence: Highest quality is things like meta analysis, systematic reviews, critical appraised Middle: controlled trials Lowest quality: case studies, cohorts, background info Cost-benefit analysis CBA: benefit received from dollars invested in program Return on Investment(ROI): ratio of costs to financial return 2. 3. 4. APA, conscience same format, shows decision makers you did your research Steps to create a program rationale: 1. 2. 3. 4. Sources: Cdc Healthy ppl 2030 County health ranking Our world in data City dashboard Literature searches Partnering means pairing with other entities to work on the project Chapter 3: Program planning models These models provide organization and frame work Go from point a to point B with value and meaning First model is the: **Generalized Model:** Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. First: assessing needs - - Next: setting goals: - Developing intentions: - Implementing the intervention: - Then... Evaluate results: - - - Ok so steps of generalized model 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. When choosing a model to use as framework look at things like Fluidity: steps should build on one another Flexibility: can it adapt to needs of stakeholder(customers, employees, partners) functionality: is the outcome improving health Precede Proceed model: precede : is looking at predisposing reinforcing and enabling factors in educational ecological and evaluation First 4 phases are assessment focuses- understanding the why behind a health issue 1: social assessment/situational assessment: identify QOL issues(could be health issues, social issues) 2: epidemiological assessment : identifies specific health problem and their cause 3\) education and ecological assessment : what factors can help change this (knowledge, skills) 4\) administrative and policy assessment; intervention alignment :looks at what policies and resources are needed to support it Proceed: this part looks at policy, regulations, organizational aspects in the education and environment; This part is about the **how**. It focuses on putting the plan into action by developing the strategies, policies, and activities that will address the issues identified in PRECEDE. 1. 2. 3. 4. Precede: Phase 1: situational and social analysis -seeks to define QOL -what is the need? -What is the desired result? -best done in interview priority population with self assessment -some examples of social indicators of QOL= happiness, achievement, self efficacy Phase 2: epidemiological assessment: - - - Prioritization matrix can help find important factors that are changeable Phase 3: Educational and ecological assessment identifies factors that may influence behavior or change environment (can help change) Predisposing - knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions Enabling- barriers created in society (lack of access, availability etc.) Reinforcing- feedback and rewards after behavior changes (incentives) Phase 4: intervention alignment and administrative/policy: \- matching intervention with projected changes -Planners determine if resources are available for this program Proceed; Phase 5: implementation Implementing plans and intervention begins Phase 6: process eval: measurements of implementation to control and improve Qualitt of peorgram' Phase 7: impact evaluation: immediate observable effects of program Phase 8: long term effects of the program SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) - - - **Strengths**: These are the things a business does well or the advantages it has over others. For example, a strong brand, skilled workforce, or loyal customer base. **Weaknesses**: These are the areas where the business may be lacking or things that need improvement. For example, limited resources, poor customer service, or inefficient processes. **Opportunities**: These are external factors that the business can take advantage of. They could be new market trends, changes in customer behavior, or new technologies that can help the business grow. **Threats**: These are external challenges or risks that could negatively affect the business. For example, new competitors, economic downturns, or changes in regulations. Chapter 4: Needs assessment Needs assessment is the process of analyzing the needs of a population Crucial step in planning Why do a needs assessment? - - After finding the need of a pop: for ex could be needing to increase PA Then... -find resources for intervention What to expect from a needs assessment: - - - - - - Primary data collection: collecting data by yourself - - - - Methods of primary data collection: -written surveys Pros: wide reach, low cost, minimal time Cons: low response rate, not representative -face to face interviews Pros: high response rate, in depth data Cons: expensive, interviewer bias, time consuming -telephone interviews Pros: moderate costs, easy, wide reach Cons: not representative, interview bias -electronic interviews Pros: low cost, easy Cons: lack autonomy -group interviews Pros: high response rate, efficient Cons: data can be influenced by a dominant participant -delphi technique Pros: spans over time, equal representation, pooled responses Cons: high cost and time commitment, reduced clarification opportunity -community forum or town hall: Pros: straightforward, inexpensive, voluntary participation Cons: attendance usually low, data analysis is time consuming -meetings Pros: low cost, flexible, good for formative evaluation Cons: result bias, limited input form participants -focus groups: Pros: low cost, ease of clarification Cons: qualitative info, limited representation, dependant on moderator -nominal groups Pros: direct involvement of groups, planned interactivity Cons: time intensive, participation bias -self assessments: Pros: no interview bias, convenient, easy Cons: possible low response rate, self selection Secondary data collection: using other peoples data (like accessing data online done by someone else) Using other material as source Collected already by someone else Advantages: already exists and inexpensive disadvantages : might not identify the true needs of your pop Cross sectional surveys: - - - - - - - Ways to minimize bias on self reported data: - - - - - - - - Multipstep survey or DELPHI technique: -self report type survey -collecting primary data from same people multiple times Series of less than 5 written or electronic surveys Goal of this is to generate an overall conspicuous Process: - - - - Community forum (town hall meeting): -purpose is to inform the public -you can call and ask questions to give them a sense of concerns -process: \- mediator explains purpose and asks ppl for concerns \- recorders present -speaking time is limited -allows this Q&A Meetings: - - - - - - - Focus groups: Qualitative -used to obtain feelings,emotions, attitudes, misconceptions Process: - - - - - - - - Nominal group process -highly structured process in which few knowledgeable representatives of priority populations are asked to **qualify and quantify** specific needs Process -groups of 5-7 ppl -each person writes answer to a single question -each person shares answer -discussion -group selects and ranks importance of all the issues -may include preliminary and final voting system Observation study: Minimal contact Observing Can be direct: seeing first hand Or indirect: proxy measure Can be obtrusive: subject is aware of being observed Unobtrusive: unaware of being observed Examples of observation: -windshield tours -walk throughs -photovoice