Waves Physics PDF

Waves  Waves are disturbances produced by vibrating particles of matter. They transfer energy as they propagate through a medium or space.  Waves can be classified in two ways. They can be classified based on (1)how they propagate; and (2) the orientation of the wave prop...

Waves  Waves are disturbances produced by vibrating particles of matter. They transfer energy as they propagate through a medium or space.  Waves can be classified in two ways. They can be classified based on (1)how they propagate; and (2) the orientation of the wave propagation relative to the direction of energy transfer.  Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves Waves can be classified based on how they propagate or their ability to transmit energy through a vacuum. They can be either mechanical or electromagneti c waves.  Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves There are waves that can only propagate when a medium is available; they are called mechanical waves.  Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves Sound waves, which can travel fastest on solids.  Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves Water waves, which need water to propagate.  Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves Seismic waves, which can travel through and on the surface of Earth.  Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves Stadium waves, which can propagate through the movement of the people in a stadium.  Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves Slinky, string, and jump rope waves, which can propagate when used.  Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves There are waves that can still travel even without a medium.These type of waves are called electromagnetic (EM) waves. They are produced by the vibration of charged particles. There are seven EM waves arranged either from increasing frequency or decreasing wavelength.  Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves Radio waves, which are used to transmit radio and TV signals.  Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves Microwaves, which are used in microwave ovens and in sending messages through cellular phones.  Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves Infrared, which has a medical application in detecting heat leaks.  Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves Visible light, which is the only EM wave that can be seen by the naked eye.  Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves Ultraviolet, which is blocked by the ozone layer because too much of this can cause skin cancer.  Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves X-rays, which can penetrate through most of the things and also used for medical purposes.  Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves Gamma rays, which are more penetrating than X-rays and also used for medical purposes.  Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves Longitudinal and Transverse Waves Waves carry energy, and the direction of the energy transfer relative to the direction of the wave is the other way of classifying waves. Waves can either be longitudinal or transverse.  Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves Longitudinal waves propagate parallel to the direction of the energy transfer. The movement of these waves is back and forth, and they carry the energy in that direction as well. Longitudinal waves are composed of regions of compressions and rarefactions.  Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves Compressions are regions where the particles are closest to each other. Rarefactions are regions where the particles are furthest from each other. Examples of these waves are the sound waves and earthquake waves.  Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves Transverse waves propagate perpendicular to the direction of the energy transfer. They move in up and down manner and they carry the energy back and forth. These waves are composed of various parts such as crests, troughs, amplitudes, and wavelengths.  Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves The crest is the top of the wave while the trough is the bottom of the wave. The amplitude is the maximum displacement of the wave from the horizontal axis or its origin. The wavelength refers to distance between a crest and a crest or a trough and a trough. Examples of these waves are the EM waves and waves on a string.  Mechanical and Electromagnetic Waves Surface waves are the combination of transverse and longitudinal waves. How will you describe the movement of a surface wave?