Spirometer and Lung Volumes - PDF

The Spirometer Measures several lung volumes BLOOD one is tidal volume: amount of air we breathe in normal inhalation Red blood cells (aka erythrocytes) Tidal volume = 500...

The Spirometer Measures several lung volumes BLOOD one is tidal volume: amount of air we breathe in normal inhalation Red blood cells (aka erythrocytes) Tidal volume = 500 mL most oxygen is carried inside these cells Forced vitals capacity Hemoglobin is inside these cells oxygen binds to iron in heme group normal breath Each hemoglobin can carry 4 molecules of O2 PO2 of surrounding affects hemoglobin saturation deepestinhalationa (amount of 02 returning to lungs) can't leave maxinhalationmentionit Fast) OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE Difficult for someone to exhale air quickly Examples Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) umbrella term for many types of diseases Risk factors: smoking, exposure to occupational fumes, dust, airborne particles, household air pollution Emphysema loss of elastin (a proteins w/ elastic properties) Found in walls of alveoli Asthma airways become narrowed due to smooth muscle contractions RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE PARTIAL PRESSURES Affects inhalation Atmospheric pressure Examples pressure of air we breathe in from atmosphere Pulmonary fibrosis around us Partial pressure of O2 how much pressure oxygen contributes to total atmospheric pressure Partial pressure of CO2 how much pressure carbon dioxide contributes to SIMPLE DIFFUSION total atmospheric pressure 1. Large concentration gradient: PO2 is very high inside alveoli, much lower in blood found in capillaries that wrap 1. 00 x 21 = 160 around alveoli 760 0 04 0 3 2. Lots of membrane area: millions of alveoli, enormous X. =. amount of membrane 3. Thin membrane thickness: epithelial,and endothelial cells make the alveolar wall