Physics 1 PDF

PHYSICS Physics is about trying to find the simple laws that describe all natural phenomena. It operates on a vast range of scales involving length, mass, and time. Scientists attempt to describe the world by formulating models, theories, and laws. They utilize orders of magnitudes of n...

PHYSICS Physics is about trying to find the simple laws that describe all natural phenomena. It operates on a vast range of scales involving length, mass, and time. Scientists attempt to describe the world by formulating models, theories, and laws. They utilize orders of magnitudes of numbers to track and compare phenomena occurring on particular scales. Solving Problems in Physics The three stages of the process for solving physics problems are as follows: 1) Determine which physical principles are involved and develop a strategy for using them to solve the problem. Describe the process for developing a problem-solving strategy. 2) Do the math necessary to obtain a numerical solution with the correct units.  Explain how to find the numerical solution to a problem. 3) Check the solution to make sure it makes sense and assess its significance. Summarize the process for assessing the significance of the numerical solution to a problem. I. MEASUREMENTS Learning Objectives  Describe the general relationship between the U.S. Customary Units (English units) and the International System of Units (MKS, CGS).  Define the metric prefixes and use them to perform basic conversions among metric units.  Perform arithmetic calculations on metric units of length, mass, and volume.  Solve application problems involving metric units of length, mass, and volume. Units and Standards Two commonly used systems of units are:  International System of Units (SI) > Metric System [MKS] > Gaussian System [CGS]  U.S. Customary Units > English System [FPS]  CONVERSION OF UNITS To convert 520 feet to miles: 520 feet x 1 yard x 1 mile = 0.0985 mi 3 feet 1760 yards To convert 10 feet2 to inch2 10 feet2 x 12 inches 2 1 foot = 10 feet2 x 122 inches2 12foot2 = 10 feet2 x 144 inches2 12foot2 = 1440 square inches  SI prefixes FactorName Symbol FactorName Symbol 1024 yotta Y 10-1 deci d 1021 zetta Z 10-2 centi c 1018 exa E 10-3 milli m 1015 peta P 10-6 micro µ 1012 tera T 10-9 nano n 109 giga G 10-12 pico p 106 mega M 10-15 femto f 103 kilo k 10-18 atto a 102 hecto h 10-21 zepto z 101 deka da 10-24 yocto y To remember the proper decimal movement, arrange the prefixes from largest to smallest: Convert 10.25 kilometers to meters. Notice in the listing above that meter is three places to the right of the prefix kilo. This tells us to move the decimal point three places to the right. The answer is 10,250 meters. Convert 650 mL to daL. [mL is milliliters and daL is decaliters]. Notice in the listing above that the prefix deca is four places to the left of the prefix milli. This tells us to move the decimal point four places to the left. The answer is 0.0650 daL. (Note: dL is deciliters, daL is decaliters.) Convert 750 grams to milligrams. Notice in the listing above that the prefix milli is three places to the right of gram. This tells us to move the decimal point three places to the right. The answer is 750,000 milligrams. Example 4: Convert 10 centimeters to kilometers. 10 centimeters (1meter/100centimeters​​) (1kilometer/​1000meters) = 0.0001 kilometer