Physiology 1 Exam Past Paper (UMCH, 2021) PDF

# Practical Exam - Physiology 1-2-3.06.2021 ## V1-3 1. The process of diffusion is: * A passive transport in which the solute moves through a semipermeable membrane * A passive transport in which the water moves from a compartment to another * An active transport in which the so...

# Practical Exam - Physiology 1-2-3.06.2021 ## V1-3 1. The process of diffusion is: * A passive transport in which the solute moves through a semipermeable membrane * A passive transport in which the water moves from a compartment to another * An active transport in which the solute moves through a semipermeable membrane * The key factor in providing exchange of gases 2. Which of the following statements best describes a hemolytic anemia? * A decreased MCH and MCHC * Positive Coombs test * A decreased reticulocytes number * An increased MCV 3. The extracellular fluid (ECF): * Is represented exclusively by plasma * Is represented exclusively by the interstitial fluid * Is divided into two components * Is represented mostly by the transcellular fluid 4. Critical values of Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): * Higher than 50 mm/h should be mediated with severe diseases such as autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases or neoplasia * Lower than 20 mm/h is pathological * Lower than 15 mm/h shows neoplasia 5. Chose the correct answer about the ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate): * Has high specifity * Has low sensitivity * It’s an uncommon determination * Has low cost and it’s commonly used, but it’s not specific 6. Regarding the mixed ventilatory dysfunctions the following are specific: * Reduced vital capacity * Reduced forced expiratory volume * Normal vital capacity * Tifneau index increased 7. The components of the innate immune system include: * epithelial cells * lipid cells * Natural killer cells * glucose 8. A young male patient presents with panic attack. A blood gas is obtained to asses his acid-base balance, which shows: pH = 7.50 (normal: 7,35-7,45), PaCO2=26 (normal: 36-44 mmHg), Sat02=100 (normal: 95-100%), HCO3=24 (normal: 27 mEq/l). What are the correct answers? * Patient presents respiratory acidosis, due to decreased pCO2 levels * Patient presents metabolic acidosis, due to low pH and low pCO2 * Patient presents respiratory alkalosis, expressed by decreased pCO2 levels * The pH is elevated and the HCO3 is in normal range 9. A patient with an A Rh-positive blood group type, who presents to the emergency room with the need of blood transfusion, what blood groups can be used? * Group O Rh negative * Group A Rh positive * Group AB, Rh positive * Group B, Rh positive 10. Part of the upper respiratory tract is the following: * Lungs * Nasal cavity * Alveoli * Respiratory bronchioles 11. The following statements about the gas-blood barrier are true: * Contains also the alveolar epithelium * It is a thick membrane * Stops the gaseous exchange * Contains also the capillary endothelial cells 12. Pick the true sentence regarding osmosis: * It's a facilitated process in which the solute moves from a compartment to another * It's a passive transport which includes the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane * Water moves from a high solute concentration to a low solute concentration * Water moves from low solute towards a high solute concentration 13. Choose the correct statement: * Respiratory acidosis is characterized by low pH and low pCO2 * Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by increased pH and high pCO2 * Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by high pH and high bicarbonate * Metabolic acidosis is characterized by low pH and high bicarbonate 14. A 30-year-old female patient presents with diarrhea. A blood gas is obtained to assess her acid-base balance which shows: pH 7.30 (normal: 7,35-7,45), PaCO2 32 mmHg (normal: 36-44 mmHg), Sat02 93% (normal: 95-100%), HCO3-14 (normal: 22-26 mEq/l). What is the acid-base disturbance in this case? * Respiratory acidosis * Metabolic alkalosis * Diarrhea is the cause of low HCO3 * Metabolic acidosis shown by low pH and low HCO3 15. Considering the ABO and Rhesus antigen system, a patient expressing anti-A and only antigens C has the following blood type: * Group A * Group B * Rh positive * Rh negative 16. A 35-year-old man has been healthy previously but now complains of fatigue. He had undertaken a self-imposed diet for 12 months. His HGB level is 10 g/dl (N: 27-36 g/dl) and RBC 3x10⁶/µl (Ν: 3.5-6x10⁶/µl), HCT 30% (N: 32.7 g/dl), MCV is 109 fL (N: 80-95 fL), MCH 35.8 pg (N: 27-36 pg), WBC 8.81x10³/µl (Ν: 3.6-10x10³/µl), PLT 155x10³/µl (N: 150-450x10³/µl). Of the following is the correct diagnosis? * Hemolytic anemia * Folate deficiency anemia * Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia * Iron deficiency anemia 17. CASE QUESTION: Based on what parameter you choose the previous diagnosis: * RBC * HCT * MCV * HGB 18. Prolonged severe lymphopenia is more specific for: * Bacterial infection * HIV positive patients * Immunostimulatory drug treatment * Hypersplenism 19. Choose the false statement about the peripheral blood smear: * Can show intracellular inclusions * Allows assessment of the morphology of blood cells * Is usually stained with Brilliant cresyl blue * The ribosomal RNA appears like a blue network 20. An increased osmotic fragility test can be associated with: * Spherocytosis * Altered red blood cell membrane * Increased surface area to volume ratio of the red cells * Thalassemia 21. A 72-year-old woman presents with a 3-week history of gradually increasing tiredness, shortness of breath, fever and some petechiae. A CBC show: RBC 2.5x10⁶/µl (N: 3.5-6x10⁶/µl), WBC 120x10³/µl (N: 3.6-10x10³/µl), PLT 100x10³/µl (Ν: 150-450x10³/µl). The peripheral blood smear shows 89% of cells appear like blast cells. The flow cytometry result revels that immature white blood cells are lymphoblasts. What is the diagnosis? * Acute lymphocytic leukemia * Acute myelocytic leukemia * Chronic lymphocytic leukemia * Chronic myelocytic leukemia 22. The expiratory reserve volume represents the following: * The amount of air that can be expelled with the most forceful exhalation, after a normal inspiration * The air involved in the normal exhalation * The amount of air exhaled in 1 minute * A volume of air beyond the tidal volume 23. Choose the cause for a decreased total plasma protein concentration: * Dehydration * Malnutrition and malabsorption * Liver disease * Hemoconcentration 24. Electrophoretic patterns of M-spike in specific for: * Multiple myeloma * Nephrotic syndrome * Hepatic cirrhosis * Respiratory and skin infections 25. Indications for hemostasis investigation are as follows except: * Before only selected surgical interventions * To monitor patients with thromboembolic diseases with anticoagulants * To diagnose a hemorrhagic syndrome * To investigate changes in hemostasis factor in metabolic diseases