Philosophy Exam Review 2024-25 PDF

hHZT 4U EXAM REVIEW Exam Outline PART A: Multiple Choice 25 marks Knowledge PART B: Matching 25 marks Thinking Match a statement to the philosopher and match a philosophical concept to the appropriate area of philosophy PART C: Short Answer 25 marks (5 marks each...

hHZT 4U EXAM REVIEW Exam Outline PART A: Multiple Choice 25 marks Knowledge PART B: Matching 25 marks Thinking Match a statement to the philosopher and match a philosophical concept to the appropriate area of philosophy PART C: Short Answer 25 marks (5 marks each) Communication Choose five of 20 questions to answer. You must choose one from each of the four categories presented: The Greeks, Christian - Early Modern Era, Modern - Post Modern Era, and Miscellaneous. PART D: Application Questions 25 marks Answer all questions from the following categories: Plato, Aristotle, Ethics, Logic, and Miscellaneous Review Questions: Logic: Complete these syllogisms as a practice. Why are these valid or invalid? 1.​ A, D ~D Ergo A Valid/Invalid 2.​ All B are D ​ Some C are B ​ Ergo, All C are D Valid/Invalid Introduction to Philosophy: 1.​ List the six areas of philosophy and link a philosopher and his/her theory that fits each category. 2.​ How do philosophy and science differ? How are they similar? 3.​ How do philosophy and religion differ? How are they similar? Pre-Socratics: 1.​ What were the Pre-Socratics searching for? Know the solutions presented by the famous Pre-Socratics.  2.​ Why did Change present a problem to the Pre-Socratics philosophers? How do the Atomists differ from earlier Pre-Socratics? 3.​ Zeno presents some difficult paradoxes to defeat. Explain why Achilles and the Tortoise or the Flying Arrow paradox is so difficult to defeat. Socrates: 1.​ How does Socrates’ philosophy differ from the Pre-Socratics? 2.​ How does Socrates differ from Postmodernist moral relativists? 3.​ What is Happiness for Socrates? 4.​ Why is virtue of such importance for Socrates? Plato: 1.​ Explain Plato’s Two Worlds Theory. What is a “Form” for Plato? 2.​ What is the Demiurge? 3.​ Link Plato’s theory of the Soul to his theory of the Ideal State. 4.​ Explain Plato’s epistemology. Aristotle: 1.​ How does Aristotle’s epistemology differ from his teacher’s? 2.​ What is the difference between accidental and substantial change? How is this related to Aristotle’s concept of Being? 3.​ What is Happiness for Aristotle? How is this achieved? How does Aristotle’s theory of the soul link to his concept of happiness? 4.​ Is the theory of the Golden Mean relativist or absolutist? Why? The Christian Era: 1.​ Define teleological, ontological and cosmological arguments for God. 2.​ Describe St. Anselm’s ontological proof for God. Why is this difficult to refute? 3.​ How does St. Augustine deal with the problem of evil? 4.​ How does Augustine define beauty? 5.​ What are the criteria for a Just War according to the fully developed Just War Theory? 6.​ Explain St. Thomas Aquinas’ Five Ways. What are the strengths to these arguments? 7.​ How does Virtue lead to Happiness according to St. Thomas Aquinas? 8.​ Describe the Double Effect Theory. The Early Modern Era: 1.​ Using a modern political spectrum, categorize the political philosophy of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau and Marx 2.​ Hume is a skeptic. Describe Hume’s theory of causation and explain how it relates to his scepticism. 3.​ Define Kant’s Categorical Imperative.  4.​ Explain why the following quote summarizes Kant’s epistemology. “It is thoroughly necessary to be convinced of God’s existence, it is not quite so necessary that one should demonstrate it.” 5.​ Descartes is considered the father of modern philosophy. Explain how doubting led Descartes to his epistemology. Later Modern Era/Post-Modern Era 1.​ Explain how Virtue Ethics, Deontological Ethics and Consequentialist Ethics determine the Good in an action. 2.​ Define Existentialism. How did Existentialism change from Kierkegaard to Nietzsche? 3.​ Describe the various forms of defining art that emerged throughout history. 4.​ Why did Existentialism become such a dominant philosophy in Post-WWII Europe? 5.​ In the Encyclical Faith and Reason, Pope John Paul II challenges relativism and existentialism’s influence on modern philosophy. Why does he critique these philosophies? 6.​ Describe the philosophy of Utilitarianism. How can it be viewed as both a social/political philosophy and an ethical theory? 7.​ What does Nietzsche mean by “slave morality?” How could one argue in support of this? How could one argue against his theory? 8.​ What does Sartre mean when he suggests that one’s existence precedes one's essence? 9.​ What are the three main theories of defining art? What philosophers can be tied to each?