Philo 1st Quarter Exam-Reviewer PDF

lOMoARcPSD|46634563 Philo 1st Quarter Exam-Reviewer Introduction to Philosophy (Tanza National Trade School) Scan to open on Studocu Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Do...

lOMoARcPSD|46634563 Philo 1st Quarter Exam-Reviewer Introduction to Philosophy (Tanza National Trade School) Scan to open on Studocu Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloaded by Yukiba Akito ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|46634563 DOING PHILOSOPHY Traditionally philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom because it came from two Greek words that shows how philosophy can also be pursued passionately. Which means Philosophers strive to have a worldview that sees everything as interconnected, interdependent, and integrated. Wonder is the immediate human reaction in doing philosophy, it entails that we begin our questioning through a state of wonder. A philosophical perspective refers to a particular way of looking at and understanding the world, reality, or specific issues through the lens of philosophical thought. Holistic - Also known as a holistic approach, refers to a way of looking at and understanding a subject or issue by considering all its interconnected parts and elements as a unified whole. It emphasizes the idea that the parts of a system are interconnected and interdependent, and to fully comprehend and address the subject, one must consider all relevant aspects. Example: The student would evaluate their time management skills and daily routines to see if they are effectively balancing coursework with self-care and other responsibilities. Partial point of view - refers to a perspective that is limited in scope or biased in some way, where only a portion of the relevant information or viewpoints is considered. Example: Referring to only one source of information for your report. Both partial and holistic points of view are good contributors to doing philosophy. We need to have the courage to break from our partial perspectives to glimpse at the broader truth with an open mind and heart. With a holistic perspective, we can see the connectedness of parts to see a more meaningful whole. Which also means, looking at a thing or a person from different perspectives. PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTION What is Philosophical reflection? It is examining one’s thoughts, feelings, and action and to learn more about one’s life and experiences. Reflection is important in doing Philosophy Two types of reflection according to Gabriel Marcel Primary - is a direct and immediate form of reflection that involves our lived experiences and our direct engagement with the world. Secondary - this type of reflection enables us to look deeper into our experiences and see the bigger picture of reality. METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING A fact is objective and verifiable. Facts can be proven or disproven using evidence, data, or empirical observations. An opinion is subjective and based on personal feelings, beliefs, or preferences. Example: Andres Bonifacio deserves to be recognized as the national hero of our country due to his valiant struggle against the Spanish colonial forces, as said by a current relative of Andres Bonifacio. While a "deeply held opinion" refers to a belief, viewpoint, or perspective that an individual holds with a high degree of conviction and personal attachment. To validate the truthfulness of your acquired knowledge, we can start by determining how you arrive at, or acquired a particular knowledge. Valid argument – If the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true for the argument to be valid. Example: With the research conducted by different government agencies, which indicates that there is a rapid increase on the number of persons having covid-19, therefore announcing the immediate implementation of ECQ in the entire Luzon is reasonable. Invalid argument - Conclusion does not logically follow from the premises. Example: Noisy neighbors can be a real nuisance. Using earplugs can help block out the noise. Therefore, using earplugs will make the noisy neighbors go away. Downloaded by Yukiba Akito ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|46634563 Theories of Truth Pragmatism - A belief or statement is considered true if it has a useful application in the world. Example: Since I was young, I used to save 50-peso coins in my bank. Now, I used it to enroll in my 1st semester in college. Saving money really helps. Different theories of truth can be important in various contexts. It helps us refine our thinking, communicate more effectively, and engage in meaningful discussions about knowledge, reality, and belief. It is better to use any methods or theories of truth depending on how appropriate it is to evaluate a given statement. Logical Fallacy Petitio Principii or Begging the Questions - it's a circular argument in which the conclusion is included in the premises. Example: Student A: Kailangan mo mag-aral. Student B: Bakit? Student A: Kasi kailangan mo mag-aral. HUMAN PERSON AS EMBODIED SPIRIT Embodied spirit typically refers to the belief that an individual's consciousness, soul, or spirit is connected to or inhabits a physical body. Embodiment refers to the state or condition of having a physical body. As embodied beings, we are consciously aware of our limitations, while at the same time, knowing our bodies also enables us to create meaning as we interact with others and the world around us. We have an evolving or changing attitude towards human person and our bodies. Self-determination - is the concept that individuals have the right to make choices and decisions about their own lives and the ability to determine their own fate, free from external control or influence. There are two general kinds to distinguish a human person: Physical Self - something can be seen in his/her physical appearance. It includes his/her body type, strength and appearance. Cognitive Self - -something within and cannot be physically seen. It includes human persons’ belief, desire, dreams, and intentions. It also focuses on intellectual and cognitive skills, knowledge, and thinking processes. HUMAN PERSON IN THE ENVIRONMENT Dignity is to humans as respect is to all living beings. Prudence refers to the quality of being careful, cautious, and sensible in making decisions. Frugality is a lifestyle or approach characterized by a focus on reducing unnecessary expenses, avoiding wasteful spending, and being thrifty. Deep Ecology - Arne Naess, a philosopher, thinks that all living creatures have identical inherent value, independent of their utility to other beings. This means that the value we place upon the environment should be the same as how we value ourselves. He suggests that we need to switch from Anthropocentrism to Ecocentrism. Ecocentrism - ethical perspective that places primary value on the entire natural ecosystem rather than on individual species or humans alone. Downloaded by Yukiba Akito ([email protected])