PHILIPPINE POLITICS REVIEWER.docx
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PHILIPPINE POLITICS REVIEWER\ \ ***STATE*** -- A country considered as a formally organized political community controlled by one government.\ \ **IS THE PHILIPPINES A STATE? -- Yes, it is.\ **The Republic of the Philippines is a SOVEREIGN STATE in archipelagic Southeast Asia, with 7,107 island span...
PHILIPPINE POLITICS REVIEWER\ \ ***STATE*** -- A country considered as a formally organized political community controlled by one government.\ \ **IS THE PHILIPPINES A STATE? -- Yes, it is.\ **The Republic of the Philippines is a SOVEREIGN STATE in archipelagic Southeast Asia, with 7,107 island spanning more than 300,00 square kilometres of territory. It is divided into three island groups: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.\ \ U.S. Recognition of Philippine Independence, 1946.\ The United states recognized the Republic of the Philippines as an independent state on July 4, 1946, when President Harry S, Truman did so in a proclamation.\ \ ***NATION --*** a large group of people of the same race who share the same language, traditions, and history, but who might not all live in one area.\ \ ***NATION-STATE\ ***- A territorially bounded sovereign polity -- i,e,. a state -- that is ruled in the name of a community of citizens who identify themselves as a nation.\ - A state compromising or dominated by a single nation is often called a NATION-STATE.\ \ **IS PHILIPPINES A NATION-STATE? -- Yes, it\ is.\ **The treaty of Manila of 1946 is a treaty if general relations signed on July 4, 1946, in Manila. It relinquished U.S. sovereignty over the Philippines and recognized the independence of the Republic of the Philippines.\ - Once the Treaty of Manila took effect, the Philippines became an independent nation and a sovereign state.\ \ ***STATE\ ***- A state is an association of people characterized by formal institutions of government, including laws; permanent territorial boundaries; and sovereignty.\ - A state may compromise one or more nations.\ - A state is the body of people occupying a definite territory and organized under one government.\ \ ***NATION\ ***- A Nation is a group of people with common language, history, culture, and (usually) geographic territory.\ - A nation may be represented in, or ruled by, one or more (usually contagious/sharing a common) states.\ - A nation is body of people associated with a particular territory.\ \ ***ELEMENTS OF THE STATE\ ***- People\ - Territory\ - Sovereignty\ - Government ***1. PEOPLE\ ***-population\ -inhabitants\ -human beings making up a group or assembly or linked by a common interest.\ \ ***2. TERRITORY***\ - a geographical area\ -aerial, fluvial, and terrestrial.\ Aerial -- air space above excluding outer space.\ e.g. the air directly above the terrestrial and fluvial domains, all the way up to where the outer space begins.\ Fluvial -- waters around and connecting the island of the archipelago.\ e.g. seas, rivers, oceans, lakes, canals, ports, and harbour.\ \ Terrestrial -- land mass, earth.\ e.g. forests, tropical rainforests, grasslands, and deserts.\ \ ***3. SOVEREIGNTY\ ***- The supreme authority, and absolute, and dominant power within its territorial boundaries.\ \ CHARACTERISTICS OF SOVEREIGNTY\ - absolute\ -permanent\ -universal\ -inalienable\ -exclusive\ -cannot be divided\ -cannot be shared ***4. GOVERNMENT\ ***- a system or institution made up of people who takes care and manages the state or the country.\ \ ***FORMS OF THE GOVERNMENT\ ***1. BY DISTRIBUTION OF POWER\ 1a. UNITARY GOVERNMENT -- political power is held by one central authority. (Philippines, South Korea, Singapore)\ \ \ \ \ 1b. CONFEDERATION -- voluntary association of independent states; weak ones agree to follow a powerful central government. (no country)\ ![](media/image2.png) 1c. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT POWER -- a federal government is a system of dividing up power between a central national government and local state governments that are connected to one another by the national government. (Australia, Canada, United States)\ A diagram of a government authority Description automatically generated\ \ ***2. CITIZEN PARTICIPATION\ ***2a. AUTOCRACY -- a political regime where a single individual -- an autocrat -- holds the power, qualified as a personal and absolute power. The citizens have limited role in the government, (Kuwait, China, Afghanistan)\ 2ai. ABSOLUTE OR TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIP\ - the ideas of a single leader (e.g. Hitler) is glorified. The government is not responsible to the people. (Afghanistan, Eritrea, North Korea, and Turkmenistan).\ \ \ \ 2aii. ABSOLUTE MONARCHY\ - the king, queen, or emperor exercise the supreme and unlimited powers; the position is usually inherited. (Saudi Arabia, Bhutan, UAE, Oman).\ \ ***2B. OLIGARCHY*** -- form of government in which political power effectively rests with a small, elite segment of society; a form of government in which only a small group of people hold all the power. (Russia, Saudi Arabia, Iran, North Korea).\ ![](media/image4.png)\ \ ***3. LEGITIMACY\ ***3a. De Jure -- a state of affairs that is true in fact, but that is not officially sanctioned; according to law, e.g. a De Jure leader has the legal right to authority over a jurisdiction.\ 3b. De Facto -- a state of affairs that is in accordance with law (officially sanctioned); according to practice; e.g. a De Facto leader exerts authority without holding the legal right to do so.\ \ ***4. EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE RELATIONSHIP\ ***4a. PRESIDENTIAL -- head of the government and state is the President. The executive is not responsible to the legislature. (Philippines, Cyprus, Mexico, UAE)\ \ 4b. PARLIAMENTARY -- the head of government and parliament is the Prime minister. Parliament makes up the legislative branch of government. The head of state is also commonly a hereditary monarch and acts as a figurehead for the nation. (Italy, Germany, Ireland, Israel).\ \ A diagram of a government system Description automatically generated**\ **![A diagram of a group of people Description automatically generated](media/image6.png)**\ \ *INHERENT POWERS OF THE STATE\ \ INHERENT -- as long as the state exists, this power can never be taken away.\ \ 1. POLICE POWER\ 2. EMINENT DOMAIN\ 3. TAXATION\ \ POLICE\ ***- the civil force of a national or local government, responsible for the prevention and detection of crime, and the maintenance of public order.\ - a governmental force, or body of persons, established and maintained for keeping order.\ \ \ ***1. POLICE POWER -- the fundamental ability of a government to enact law to coerce its citizenry for the public good, although the term eludes an exact definition.*** The term does not directly relate to the common connotation of police as officers charged with maintaining public order, ***but rather to broad governmental regulatory power. Public Safety, public health, morality, peace, and quiet, law and order are some of the examples of the traditional application of the police power.\ \ 2. EMINENT DOMAIN --*** the power of the government agencies to take private property for "public use" so as long as the government pays "just compensation." The government can exercise its power of eminent domain even if the owner does not wish to sell his or her property.\ \ ***3. TAXATION --*** a system where individuals and businesses pay money to the government to fund its operations and services. The financial fuel keeps public infrastructure running, from schools and hospitals to road and defense systems.\ \ ***GLOBALIZATION\ ***![A group of people drawing a planet Description automatically generated](media/image8.png)***\ ***GLOBAL MEANS WORLDWIDE, ALL-ENCOMPASSING, COMPREHENSIVE, INTERNATIONAL, UNIVERSAL. One of the effects of globalization is that it promotes and increases interactions between different regions and populations around the globe.\ \ Globalization is the interdependence of world economies and the cross-border trade of goods and services, investment, and information.\ In business, globalization provides access to capital, labor, and resources. (e.g. A car manufacturer may design a car in Japan, produce parts in the United States, and have it assembled in Mexico)\ \ To increase the odds of success, companies adapt products to meet the needs and preferences of local buyers through a process known as ***LOCALIZATION.***\ Local means existing in or belonging to the area where you live, or the area you are talking about.\ ***\ ***