Pharmacy Orientation PDF

Pharmacy Orientation For 1st level Pharmacy Students 1 Pharmacy Orientation Pharmacy orientation is a brief exposure to all aspects of pharmacy profession and pharmacy education. This course will guide fresh pharmacy students about their future carrier...

Pharmacy Orientation For 1st level Pharmacy Students 1 Pharmacy Orientation Pharmacy orientation is a brief exposure to all aspects of pharmacy profession and pharmacy education. This course will guide fresh pharmacy students about their future carrier after being familiar with pharmacy life. 2  Pharmacy Pharmacy- derived from Greek word “Pharmakon” Means medicine or drug. Art of dispensing and preparing of medicines or drugs Establishment or place where drugs or medicines are marketed. The field of health sciences focusing on safe and effective medication. 3  Pharmacist Pharmacist Healthcare professional who practice in pharmacy, concerned with the preparation and standardization of drugs. The pharmacist is the only one who is licensed to prepare and dispense medications, counsel patients to a prescription, and monitor health outcomes. 4  COMMON SYMBOLS USED IN PHARMACY The bowl with a snake coiled around it is called the bowl of Hygieia with the serpent of Epidaurus. Hygeia was Aesculapius’s daughter and a Greek Goddess of health. Her symbol was a serpent drinking from a bowl. The bowl of Hygeia with serpent of Epidaurus shown here is BOWL OF HYGIEIA the symbol for Hungarian pharmacists. 5  COMMON SYMBOLS USED IN PHARMACY The symbol of two snakes on a staff is called the Caduceus. The staff, depicted with wings, is that of Mercury (Roman) or Hermes (Greek), messenger of the Gods and also God of commerce. (The Greek root of the Word Caduceus means “herald’s wand”). CADUCEUS 6  COMMON SYMBOLS USED IN PHARMACY The mortar and pestle has long been used as a pharmaceutical symbol in Britain and on the European mainland, and is still widely employed as a pharmacy shop sign in Scotland. The mortar and pestle are tools of traditional pharmacy, hence their use as an easily recognizable visual motif. 7  COMMON SYMBOLS USED IN PHARMACY The recipe sign appears at the start of prescriptions. Although universally accepted as an abbreviation of “recipe” (Latin for ‘take thou’). 8  History of Pharmacy Greek Physicians 1- Galen prepared their own medicines (galenicals) and left prescription behind for family members to compound and administer 2- Dioscorides Father of Pharmacy Wrote and compiled standard medical materials Encyclopedia of drugs used for hundred of years author of De Materia Medica a 5-volume Greek encyclopedia about herbal drugs 9 Father of Botany  History of Pharmacy Arabic Physicians Rhazes (860-932) Avicenna (980-1037) Works of Galen and Dioscorides was accepted and translated by Arabs. They added to the writings of Greek. Rejected the old idea that foul tasting Rhazes worked best in medicine They developed and exert effort to make their dosage forms elegant and palatable through silvering of pills and use of syrups. Avicenna 10  History of Pharmacy In mid 13th century (1240) Frederick II codified the separate practice of pharmacy from medicine. Public pharmacies became relatively common in Southern Europe Practitioners of Pharmacy joined together within guilds. Writings of Greek translated to Arabic were further translated to Latin for the use of European schools. 11  History of Pharmacy An important advocate of chemically prepared drugs from crude plant and mineral substance Paracelsus is referred to as the father of toxicology for his claim that, “All things are poison, and nothing is without poison. Sparked the growth of modern Pharmaceutical Sciences Process of distillation and extraction was introduced in drug preparation. Quinine drug was discovered to treat malarial fevers. advocate of chemical medicines displaced the therapeutic agreement of Galenism which had lasted for nearly 1,500 years. 12  History of Pharmacy Transition to Modern Profession 1870 to 1920: Transitional for both pharmacy and Pharmacy education. Pharmacy practitioners had finished formal schooling in Pharmacy of night courses to supplement apprenticeship 1870 state laws were passed requiring the examination and registration of pharmacist. Schools affiliated with local pharmaceutical organizations provided students with excellent practical education combining formal education with apprenticeship. Pharmacist rely on Rx compounding for his professional identity 13  History of Pharmacy 1930s – 75% of Rx required compounding by a pharmacist 1950s – 25% of Rx required compounding by a pharmacist 1960s – only 4% (1 in 25 Rx) needed compounding 1970s – only 1% ( 1 in 100 Rx ) needed compounding skills. 14