Pharmacology Final Exam PDF

# Pharmacology Questions ### Question 1 Which of the following antipsychotic drugs has the high risk of potentially fatal agranulocytosis and risk of seizures at high doses? - Haloperidol - **Clozapine** - Risperidone - Chlorpromazine ### Question 2 This drug is associated with Torsades de poin...

# Pharmacology Questions ### Question 1 Which of the following antipsychotic drugs has the high risk of potentially fatal agranulocytosis and risk of seizures at high doses? - Haloperidol - **Clozapine** - Risperidone - Chlorpromazine ### Question 2 This drug is associated with Torsades de pointes. - **Sotalol** - Lidocaine - Verapamil - Flecainide ### Question 3 Parasympathomimetic drugs cause: - Mydriasis - Constipation - **Bradycardia** - Bronchodilation ### Question 4 Characteristics of alfa-receptor antagonists include all of the following EXCEPT: - They cause a fall in peripheral resistance and blood pressure - They may cause postural hypotension and reflex tachycardia - They cause epinephrine reversal (convert a pressor response to a depressor response) - **Bronchospasm** ### Question 5 Which of the following drugs is an agonist on its receptor: - Montelukast. - Ipratropium. - **Salbutamol.** - Aclidinium. ### Question 6 Which of the following opioid agents is used in the treatment of acute opioid overdose? - Remifentanyl - Pentazocine - **Naloxone** - Methadone ### Question 7 Indicate the drug belonging to antagonists of heparin: - Aspirin - Dicumarol - **Protamine sulfate ** - Dalteparin ### Question 8 Which of the following opioid analgesics is a strong mu receptor agonist? - Buprenorphine - Pentazocine - Naloxone - **Morphine** ### Question 9 "Pharmacodynamics" studies: - The drug distribution processes. - **The processes of interaction between drug and receptor.** - The processes of absorption of drugs. - The processes of drug metabolism. ### Question 10 For increasing blood pressure in case of low cardiac output the following agents must be used: - Diuretics - Ganglioblockers - **Positive inotropic drugs** - Vasoconstrictors ### Question 11 Which of the following statements is false regarding drug adverse reactions (ADR) type A: - They are very frequent. - **Associate high mortality.** - They can improve by lowering the dose of the medication. - They are dose-dependent. ### Question 12 Pernicious anemia is developed due to deficiency of: - Erythropoetin - **Vitamin B12** - Iron - Vitamin B6 ### Question 13 If two drugs with the same effect, taken together, produce an effect that is equal in magnitude to the sum of the effects of the drugs given individually, it is called as: - None of the above - Potentiation - **Additive effect** - Antagonism ### Question 14 Tamoxifen is: - Androgen - Antiandrogen - Antiprogestin - **Antiestrogen** ### Question 15 Which is NOT a side effect of amynoglycosides? - nephrotoxicity - skin rash - vestibular toxicity - **ototoxicity** ### Question 16 Which of the following would not be considered a drug adverse reaction (ADR): - Toxic epidermal necrolysis secondary to lamotrigine. - Hypokalemia secondary to loop diuretics. - Acute renal failure secondary to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. - **Acute fulminant hepatitis secondary to paracetamol overdose.** ### Question 17 Indicate an alfa1 adrenoreceptor antagonist, which has great selectivity for alfa1a subtype: - Phenoxybenzamine - **Prazosin** - Tamsulosin - Phentolamine ### Question 18 The following statements about the parathyroid hormone are true, EXCEPT: - The parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a single-chain peptide hormone composed of 84 amino acids - The parathyroid hormone increases calcium and phosphate absorption in intestine (by increased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production) - **The parathyroid hormone increases calcium excretion and decreases phosphate excretion in kidneys** - The parathyroid hormone increases serum calcium and decreases serum phosphate ### Question 19 Which of the following statements is false regarding drug adverse reactions (ADR) type B: - **They are dose-independent.** - They are very frequent. - Obligation to suspend the medication. - Associate high mortality. ### Question 20 Which of the following nonopioid agents is an antidepressant with analgesic activity? - Tranylcypramine - Fluoxetine - Amitriptyline - **Moclobemide** ### Question 21 The main reason for giving levodopa, the precursor of dopamine, instead of dopamine is: - All of the above - **Dopamine does not cross the blood-brain barrier** - Dopamine may induce acute psychotic reactions - Dopamine is intensively metabolized in humans ### Question 22 What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides? - Inhibitis DNA gyrase - Stops the crosslinking of the peptidoglycan cell wall - **Blocks folic acid metabolism by inhibiting dihydropteroate synthase** - Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase ### Question 23 Correct statements concerning aspirin include all of the following EXCEPT: - It does not have an anti-inflammatory effect - **It inhibits platelet aggregation** - It stimulates respiration by a direct action on the respiratory center - It inhibits mainly peripheral COX ### Question 24 Radioiodines (1131 and 1132) is suitable for: - Nursing mothers - Younger patients - **Elderly patients (over 45 years)** - Pregnant women ### Question 25 Epinephrine is used in the treatment of all of the following disorders EXCEPT: - Anaphylactic shock - Bronchospasm - **Open-angle glaucoma** - Cardiac arrhythmias ### Question 26 Which of the following drugs is an antagonist on its receptor: - Hydromorphone. - Morphine. - Formoterol. - **Flumazenil.** ### Question 27 What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines? - **Tetracycline reversibly inhibits bacterial protein synthesis.** - Tetracycline irreversibly inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis. - Tetracycline reversibly inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis. - Tetracycline irreversibly inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. ### Question 28 Which of the following antidepressants is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor? - Phenelzine - Maprotiline - **Fluoxetine** - Desipramine ### Question 29 Oxytocin produces the following effects: - It brings about milk ejection from the lactating mammary gland - **All of the above** - It causes contraction of the uterus - It assists the progress of spermatozoa into the uterine cavity ### Question 30 Physiologic doses of glucocorticoid can result in: - Maintenance of cardiovascular function (by potentiation of norepinephrine) and skeletal muscle function - Increased hemoglobin synthesis, resulting in elevated of red blood cell count - **All of the above** - Increased liver glycogen stores, gluconeogenesis and lipolysis ### Question 31 Hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme induction leads to: - "hangover" effects - Cumulative effects - Barbiturate tolerance - **Development of physical dependence** ### Question 32 About the combination therapy choose the true one: - sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim together present synergism because act inhabiting the same enzyme - sulfamethoxazole together with trimethoprim exhibits addition action, and is usually found in drugs as cotrimoxazole (Septra or Bactrim). - **sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim together present synergism because both of these compounds inhibit the production of tetrahydrofolate in bacteria, but they do so at different steps, and thus allow for a more complete blockade of the folate pathway.** - sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim have opposite effect. ### Question 33 Dopamine in high doses influences mainly the: - **Beta-1 adrenoreceptors (leads to enhancing of cardiac output)** - Alfa-adrenoreceptors (leads to peripheral vasoconstriction) - Dopamine's receptors (leads to vasodilation of renal and mesenterial vessels) - All of the above ### Question 34 Mifepristone (RU-486) is: - Antiandrogen - Androgen - Antiestrogen - **Antiprogestin** ### Question 35 Which of the following definitions best fits the term "drugs": - Integration in a pharmaceutical form of several active ingredients. - **Integration in a pharmaceutical form of one or more drugs and one or more excipients.** - Integration in a pharmaceutical form of several excipients. - The integration into a pharmaceutical form of several drugs. ### Question 36 Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors act by: - Stimulating the beta islet cells of pancreas to produce insulin - **Competitive inhibiting of intestinal alpha-ghucosidases and modulating the postprandial digestion and absorption of starch and disaccharides** - Reducing the absorption of carbohydrate from the gut - Diminishing insulin resistance by increasing glucose uptake and metabolism in muscle and adipose tissues ### Question 37 The concept "teratogenicity" means: - **A substance's ability to produce embryonic or fetal malformations.** - Capacity of a substance to produce neoplasms. - A substance's ability to produce beneficial intestinal microbiota increase. - A substance's ability to produce increased glandular secretions. ### Question 38 All of the following groups of drugs are for thrombosis treatment EXCEPT: - Fibrinolitic drugs - Anticoagulant drugs - Antiplatelet drugs - **Antifibrinolitic drugs** ### Question 39 Choose the false one: - The clinical use of macrolides is only for urinary infections - **Erythromycin is the best known member, ** - Macrolide antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis by targeting the bacterial ribosome - resistance of macrolides is such a problem, because microbes have developed different systems to avoid its mechanism of action. ### Question 40 Which drug does not influence leucopoiesis? - Erythropoetin - Doxorubicin - Filgrastim - **Methotrexate** ### Question 41 Which of the following statements is false regarding drug adverse reactions (ADR) type B: - **They are dose-independent.** - They are very frequent. - Associate high mortality. - Obligation to suspend the medication. ### Question 42 This drug is a Class II antiarrhythmic drug: - **Flecainide** - Propranolol - Verapamil - Lidocaine ### Question 43 The irreversible MAO inhibitors have a very high risk of developing: - Respiratory depression - **Hypertensive reactions to tyramine ingested in food** - Potentially fatal agranulocytosis - Cardiovascular collapse and CNS depression ### Question 44 The main reason for avoiding the combined administration of levodopa and an inhibitor of both forms of monoamine oxidase is: - Hypertensive emergency - Respiratory depression - **Cardiovascular collapse and CNS depression** - Acute psychotic reactions ### Question 45 A cancer patient is in chronic treatment with morphine. Go for poor pain control. The relevant complementary tests are performed concluding that the tumor disease is stable. Therefore, we assume that it is due to a decrease in the effect of the opioid and we increase the dose. This phenomenon is called: - **Tachyphylaxis.** - Abstinence. - Dependency - Tolerance ### Question 46 Tick the drug forming a physical barrier to HCL and Pepsin: - Omeprazole - **Sucralfate** - Pirenzepine - Ranitidine ### Question 47 Indicate the beta1-selective antagonist: - Propranolol - Sotalol - Carvedilol - **Metoprolol** ### Question 48 Which of the following agents is preferred in the treatment of insomnia? - Barbiturates - Phenothiazide - Ethanol - **Hypnotic benzodiazepines** ### Question 49 Half life (t 1/2) is the time required to: - Bind a half of an introduced drug to plasma proteins - Metabolize a half of an introduced drug into the active metabolite - **Change the amount of a drug in plasma by half during elimination** - Absorb a half of an introduced drug ### Question 50 Which of the following nitrates and nitrite drugs is used for prevention of angina attack? - **All of the above** - Nitroglycerin, oral sustained-release (Nitrong) - Isosorbide mononitrate (Ismo) - Nitroglycerin, 2% ointment (Nitrol) ### Question 51 The choice of benzodiazepines for anxiety is based on: - **All of the above** - Availability of flumazenil for treatment of overdose - A low risk of physiologic dependence - A relatively high therapeutic index ### Question 52 Cytotoxic agents are the following EXCEPT: - Cyclosporine - Azathioprine - Leflunomide - **Cyclophosphamide** ### Question 53 Main clinical use of calcium channel blockers is: - Hypertension - Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias - Angina pectoris - **All of the above** ### Question 54 Dopamine at low doses influences mainly: - **All of the above** - Dopamine receptors (leads to vasodilation of renal and mesenterial vessels) - Alfa-adrenoreceptors (leads to peripheral vasoconstriction) - Beta-1 adrenoreceptors (leads to enhanced cardiac output) ### Question 55 All of the following are recommended at the initial stages of treating patients with heart failure EXCEPT: - **Verapamil** - ACE inhibitors - Diuretics - Reduced salt intake ### Question 56 Gastric acid secretion is under the control of the following agents EXCEPT: - Histamine - Acetylcholine - Serotonin - **Gastrin**