Mental Health and Stress PDF
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This document discusses mental health, stress, and eating disorders, providing details on symptoms, causes, and types. Topics include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. The document also mentions mental health issues common in adolescents.
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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT parents who have high marital conflict, and parents with financial problems. Poor “MENTAL HEALTH AND STRESS” personal relationships, experiencing peer...
PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT parents who have high marital conflict, and parents with financial problems. Poor “MENTAL HEALTH AND STRESS” personal relationships, experiencing peer rejection. Magpantay and Danao (2016), from the 1999 Surgeon General's Report on Mental 2. EATING DISORDER Health, defined mental health as "successful SYMPTOMS: performance of the mental function, Extraordinary weight loss resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other people, and the CAUSES: ability to change and to cope with Feeling negatively about their bodies and adversity." Mental illness refers to highly motivated to look like same-sex diagnosable mental disorders characterized figures in the media by alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior (or a combination thereof) associated with TYPES: distress and impaired functioning." a. Anorexia Nervosa- persistent pursuit There is a book called Diagnostic and of thinner built through hunger. Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of Intense fear of gaining weight. DSM-5. It is a classification of mental Weighing less that what is considered disorders with associated criteria de-signed normal to their age and height. It to facilitate more reliable diagnoses of these generally develops during adolescence disorders. or young adulthood and tends to affect more women than men. People Most mental health problems diagnosed in with anorexia generally view adulthood begin in adolescence. Half of the themselves as overweight even if they lifetime diagnosable mental health disorders are dangerously underweight. start by age 14; this number increases to b. Bulimia Nervosa- Binge eating and three fourths by age 24. The most common then purges by self-inducing vomiting disorders among adolescents include or using a laxative. Tends to develop depression, anxiety disorders, and during adolescence and early attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and adulthood and appears to be less substance use disorder. common among men than women. some common types of mental health. Each binge eating episode usually continues until the person becomes DSM 5 painfully full. During the binge, the person usually feels that they cannot There is a book called Diagnostic and stop eating or control how much they Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders are eating. or DSM-5. It is a classification of mental c. Binge eating- is the most prevalent disorders with associated criteria de- form of eating disorder and one of the signed to facilitate more reliable most common chronic illnesses diagnoses of these disorders. among adolescents. It typically begins during adolescence and early 1. DEPRESSION adulthood, although it can develop Symptoms: later on. Individuals with this disorder have symptoms similar to Disorder of emotion or mood (sadness, those of bulimia or the binge eating hopelessness, misery, inability to enjoy). On subtype of anorexia. People with Cognitive aspects symptom manifest by binge eating disorder do not restrict negative conditions about self, world and calories or use purging behaviors, future. On Motivational symptoms are loss such a vomiting or excessive exercise of interest, lack of drive, and difficulty on to compensate for their binges. starting in anything. On somatic symptoms d. Pica- is an eating disorder that are loss of energy, sleep difficulties loss of involves eating things that are not appetite and weight loss /gain. considered food and that do not provide nutritional value. Individuals Causes: with pica crave non-food substances Self-images, body images, Separation of such as ice, dirt, soil, chalk, paper, parents, emotionally unavailable parents, hair, cloth, wool, pebbles, laundry detergent, or cornstarch. It can occur b. Generalized Anxiety Disorder- The in adults, children and adolescents. condition in which has many worries Individuals with pica may be at an and fears. They have physical increased risk of poisoning, symptoms like tense muscles, a infections, gut injuries, restless feeling, becoming tired easily, and nutritional deficiencies. having problems concentrating, or Depending on the substances trouble sleeping. ingested, pica may be fatal. c. Social phobia- It involves worrying about social situations, like having to However, for the condition to be considered go to school or having to speak in pica, the eating of non-food substances class. Symptoms may include must not be a typical part of someone’s sweating, blushing, or muscle culture or religion. In addition, it must not tension. Often overly sensitive to be considered a socially acceptable practice criticism and have trouble standing by a person’s peers. up for themselves. Has low self- esteem, become easily embarrassed, e. Rumination disorder- is another and become very newly recognized eating disorder. It d. Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder- describes a condition in which a Frequent, uncontrollable thoughts person regurgitates food they have ("obsessions") that are unreasonable. previously chewed and swallowed, re- These thoughts come into their mind chews it, and then either re-swallows a lot. They then need to perform it or spits it out. This disorder can certain routines or rituals develop during infancy, childhood, or ("compulsions") to try to get rid of the adulthood. In infants, it tends to thoughts. Children and adolescents develop between 3-12 month of age with this disorder will often repeat and often disappears on its own. behaviors to avoid some imagined Children and adults with the outcomes. condition usually require therapy to e. Panic Disorder- When they feel very resolve it. scared or have a hard time breathing and their heart is pounding. They may also feel shaky, dizzy, and think 3. ANXIETY they are going to lose their mind or even die. The teen or child may not Symptoms: want to go to school or leave the house at all because they are afraid Over worrying about future events and fear something awful will happen to them. is a reaction to current events. f. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)- The symptoms include Causes: jumpiness, muscle tension, being overly aware of one's surroundings Genes likely play a role in causing anxiety, (hypervigilance), nightmares, and as well as the home, neighborhood, school other sleep problems. Feeling like and other environmental factors. they are "re-living" the traumatic experience. Types: No one experiences perfect mental health or a. Separation Anxiety Disorder- well-being all the time. However, ongoing Excessive anxiety felt by children mental health problems can affect many when their parents leave them. They areas of your life, such as relationships with may worry that something bad might others, sleep appetite, energy levels, even happen to their parent or to someone the ability to think clearly or make else they love. Refuse to go to school decisions, and inability to perform daily or they may be unable to go to sleep tasks. In short, it can affect the totality of a without a parent being present. They person. Nevertheless, one must learn to may have nightmares about being balance the different aspects of one's life. lost or kidnapped. They may also Mental health and wellness matter in as have physical symptoms like stomach much as positive mental health allows aches, feeling sick to their stomach, people to grasp their full potential, work or even throwing up out of fear. productively, and make significant Facing natural disasters contributions to society. Severe health problems Being sued for wrongdoing “STRESS” Being assaulted or abused Stress is a state of mental tension and worry Waiting for medical test results caused by problems in one’s life, work, and Worrying about job restructuring many others that causes intense feelings of worry or anxiety. or employment concerns As stated by Ferret in his book Peak Performance, stress is simply the body’s The situations and pressures that cause response to external events (e.g., taking an stress are known as stressors. We usually exam or giving a speech) or internal events think of stressors as being negative, such as (e.g., fear, worry, or unresolved anger). an exhausting work schedule or a rocky Everything one experiences stimulate the relationship. However, anything that puts body to react and respond. high demands can be stressful. It includes Magpantay and Danao (2016) stated two positive events such as getting married, categories of stress: eustress and distress. buying a house, going to college, or receiving Eustress is positive stress for it is helpful— a promotion. it motivates the individual to keep on Of course, not all stress is caused by working and reach for the goal. external factors. Stress can also be internal Ex. or self-generated, when one worries excessively about something that may or Marriage may not happen, or have irrational, Buying a home pessimistic thoughts about life. Giving birth Starting a new job KINDS OF STRESSORS Visiting new places 1. Cataclysmic events are strong stresses Giving a presentation that suddenly occur and may Getting promoted at work simultaneously affect many people Receiving awards (Feldman, 2010). Natural disasters like Reuniting with old friends typhoons, coding, global warming effects, Starting a business and earthquakes are examples of this kind Learning a new hobby of stressors—likewise, man-made troubles such as terrorist attacks, ship or plane Going on an adventure crash, and bombings. Making new friends 2. Personal stressors refer to conditions, events, situations, or anything that causes Distress, on the other hand, is negative stress to an individual. It could be positive stress because it could give harmful or negative stressors such as marrying, implications to the individual, such as death of a loved one, getting a new job or job anxiety and depression; discourages the loss, starting and ending class, individual from becoming productive; and transferring to new schools, leaving old could cause emotional, physical, and friends, and many others. Moreover, stress psychological problems. occurs when the individual is experiencing Ex. frustration, pressure, or conflict. Being bullied 3. Background stressors or daily hassles Getting a divorce from a spouse (Feldman, 2010) are also referred to as Breaking up displeasures that could be encountered Problems with interpersonal every day, such as standing in the long line relationships while waiting for the train, stuck in heavy Having conflicts with teammates traffic, noise, and pollution of the Death of a parent or loved one environment. Another background stressor Not meeting a deadline is experiencing dissatisfaction with school or Parents fighting a job, being in an unhappy relationship, or living in crowded quarters without privacy Family stress, such as fighting (Feldman 2010; Weinstein et al., 2004; with siblings McIntyre, Korn, & Matsuo, 2008). Financial problems Stress symptoms may affect one's health, Going into bankruptcy even though one may not realize it. You may Getting fired from a job think illness is to blame for that irritating headache, frequent insomnia or decreased you can learn to manage with coping productivity at work. However, stress may strategies. be the cause. A little stress can add excitement to one’s life and may even help you to be motivated. Stress symptoms may affect one's health, However, failure to cope with prolonged even though one may not realize it. You may stress effectively can wear you down. The think illness is to blame for that irritating solution is not to avoid stress but to headache, frequent insomnia or decreased acknowledge it directly by learning to productivity at work. However, stress may manage and channel it. be the cause. You may try the following strategies: 1. Become attuned to your body and Common effects of stress emotions. Become aware of your body and Indeed, stress symptoms can affect your its reactions. Permit yourself to feel several body, thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Your different emotions, but also learn strategies ability to recognize common stress to pull yourself out of a fall. Remember that symptoms can help you manage them. you have the power to change negative, Stress that is left unchecked can contribute hurtful thoughts and to create positive to many health problems, like hypertension, habits. heart disease, obesity, and diabetes. 2. Exercise regularly. Experts say that On your body exercise is one of the best ways to minimize stress, loosen up the muscles, and promote a Headache sense of well-being. Muscle tension or pain 3. Dispute negative thoughts. Negative thinking can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy; Chest pain if you say you are going to fail, you probably Fatigue will. You can change these negative thoughts to confident, optimistic, and positive Change in sex drive thoughts and actions. Stomach upset 4. Rest and regenerate your mind, body, and spirit. You do not have to practice a particular type of meditation; just create a On your mood time for yourself when your mind is free to Anxiety rest and quiet itself. 5. Use breathing methods. Deep breathing Restlessness reduces stress and energizes the body. Lack of motivation or focus 6. Develop hobbies and interests. Hobbies can release stress. Sports, painting, reading, Feeling overwhelmed and collecting can add a sense of fun and Irritability or anger meaning to your life. 7. Create a support system. The support and Sadness or depression comfort of family and friends can help you clear your mind, sort out the confusion, and On your behavior make better decisions. A group of people with similar experiences and goals can give you a Overeating or undereating sense of security, personal fulfillment, and Angry outbursts motivation. 8. Develop a sense of humor. Nothing Drug or alcohol misuse reduces stress like a hearty laugh or Tobacco use spontaneous fun. 9. Plan; do not worry. Leading a Social withdrawal disorganized life is stressful. Write down Exercising less often what has to be done each day; never rely on your memory. 10. Be assertive. Assertive communication You can choose to perceive stress as a helps you solve problems, rather than build challenge or something to avoid. You can resentment and anger, and increases your choose a positive, optimistic outlook; use confidence and control over your life. resources; and re-channel energy in positive and productive ways. Stress is something 11. Keep a journal. Writing in a journal also known as feelings. Below are just some of helps clarify your concerns and decisions the emotions that we are feeling every now and can give you a fresh perspective. and then. 12. Get professional help. With a counselor's guidance, you can gain insight into your Afraid: feeling fear and worry reaction to stress and modify your Angry: feeling mad with a person, or idea perception and behavior. Ashamed: feeling bad after doing wrong Confident: feeling able to do something Confused: feeling unable to think clearly “EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE” Depressed: feeling sad, blue, discouraged and unhappy Emotional Intelligence is the ability to Embarrassed: feeling worried about what understand, use, and manage our others may think emotions. Emotional Intelligence is Energetic: feeling full of energy sometimes called EQ (or EI) for short. Just Excited: feeling happy or aroused as a high IQ can predict top test scores, a Glad: feeling joy and pleasure high EQ can predict success in social and Jealous: feeling upset when someone has emotional situations. EQ helps us build something you would like to have or they strong relationships, make the right get to do something you wanted decisions, and deal with stressful Lonely: feeling alone and that nobody cares situations. Proud: feeling pleased for doing well As we know, it is not always the smartest Relaxed: feeling at ease and without worry, people who are the most successful or the calm most fulfilled in life. You probably know Stressed: feeling tense, tired, uneasy, and some of your classmates or friends who are overwhelmed. academically competent and yet are socially incompetent and unsuccessful at work or in Positive emotions are emotions that we their personal relationships. So, we can typically find pleasurable to experience. conclude that intelligent quotient (IQ) in The Oxford Handbook of Positive itself is not enough to achieve success in Psychology defines them as “pleasant or life. True enough, your IQ can help you get desirable situational responses…distinct good grades or help you achieve your college from pleasurable sensation and dream. Nevertheless, your EQ will help you undifferentiated positive affect” (Cohn & manage the stress and emotions when Fredrickson, 2009). facing examinations. Both IQ and EQ need to work together. It is proven to be most On the other hand, negative emotions are effective when a person has both. those that we typically do not find pleasurable to experience. Pam (2013) There are many ways to define “emotion,” defined negative emotions as “an but they generally fall into one of these: unpleasant or unhappy emotion which is evoked in individuals to express a negative Emotions are a state or feeling that cannot effect towards an event or person.” be conjured up at will; or If an emotion discourages and drags you down, then it is most likely a negative Emotions are attitudes or responses to a emotion. situation or an object, like judgments (Zemach, 2001). People have been studying emotions for Examples of Positive and Negative many years. We know quite a bit about Emotions them; however, we must understand the Some common positive emotions include: necessity of both positive and negative emotions for the healthy functioning of Love our daily lives. Joy Satisfaction Emotions are what you feel on the inside Contentment when things happen. Emotions are also Interest Amusement aware of your emotions. It is okay not to be Happiness okay. So, do not be afraid to voice out what Serenity you feel! A few of the most commonly felt negative 2. Understanding how others feel and Why emotions are: People are naturally born to try to Fear understand others. Part of EQ is being able Anger to imagine how other people might feel in Disgust certain situations. Try to understand why Sadness they feel the way they do. Being able to Rage imagine what emotions a person is likely to Loneliness be feeling is called empathy. Empathy Melancholy helps us to care about others and to build Annoyance good friendships and relationships. It guides us on what to say and how to behave Now the Question is, “Do We Need around someone who is feeling strong Both?” emotions. Look back over the list of sample negative emotions. Do you want to feel any of those 3. Managing Emotional Reactions emotions? You probably do not want it! No Everyone gets angry. Everyone feels wonder it does not feel good to experience disappointments. Often, it is important to any of those emotions. express how you feel. However, managing Now, look at the list of sample positive your reaction means knowing when, emotions. It is easy to see that this list is where, and how to express yourself. When full of pleasurable emotions that people you become overly stressed, you lose tend to seek out. We know that we need control of your emotions, including how positive emotions to function effectively, you act thoughtfully and appropriately. grow, and thrive. Thus, when you learn to understand your Positive psychologists also argue that emotions and know how to manage them, while there are many benefits to positive you can control yourself to hold a reaction emotional states, our negative emotions that is not appropriate for a particular time are also designed to keep us safe and to or place. Someone who has a good EQ motivate us to improve our lives, just as knows that it can damage relationships to positive emotions do. So, do we need them react to emotions disrespectfully, too both? The answer is yes! intense, too impulsive, or harmful. Improving Managing Emotions and Its 4. Choosing your Mood Importance on Communication Part of managing emotions is choosing our Emotional Intelligence is a combination of moods. Moods are emotional states that different skills. last a bit. We have the power to decide what is right for a specific situation. 1. Being Aware of Your Emotions Choosing the right mood can help Most people feel different emotions someone get motivated, concentrate on a throughout the day, some feelings (like a task, or try again instead of giving up. surprise) last just a few seconds. Others People with good EQ know that moods are may stay longer, creating a mood like not just things that happen to us. We can happiness or sadness. Being able to notice control them by knowing which mood is and accurately label these everyday feelings best for a particular situation. is the most basic of all the EQ skills. Being aware of our emotions—merely noticing The Emotions of Adolescence them as we feel them – helps us manage our Adolescence can be a highly emotional stage own emotions. It also a way to understand in one's life. Many of us experience different how other people feel. Practice recognizing emotions in similar situations, as well as emotions as you feel them. Label them in similar emotions in different situations. your mind, and do not disregard them. Do remember to make it a daily habit to be Several descriptions of adolescent’s such as dopamine, which makes you emotions are as follows: feel better. Being fit also makes you healthier, which helps in managing Adolescence in Western culture is your emotions. characterized as a period of emotional Be kind to others. This helps to stop upheaval and confusion according to Arnett you worrying about yourself. (1999), others described youth’s inner lives Be open and accept what is going on using the word like “alienated,” “desperate,” around you. Learn to appreciate what and “overwhelmed.” is happening and avoid giving Adolescents are dealing with lots of criticisms to others as well as their emotional highs and lows. One minute, situations. they may feel great; the next day, they feel It is good to talk. Spend time with sad and tearful. other people and enjoy their company. They are experiencing new levels of emotional variability, moodiness, and Distract yourself. Watching a bit of emotional outbursts. They often struggle TV, reading, or surfing the internet with being dependent on their parents for a while will probably help you while having a strong desire to be forget that you were feeling a bit independent. down. They may also feel overwhelmed by the Do not give in to negative thoughts. emotional and physical changes they are If you find yourself having negative going through. They may be facing thoughts, then challenge yourself by different pressures from friends to “fit in” looking at them positively. plus the added responsibilities at home, Spend time outside. Breathing in the and stricter grading policies in school and fresh air, especially around nature, expectations to do well in other activities helps calm and relax your emotions. like sports or part-time jobs. Be grateful. Do give thanks to people They are particularly vulnerable to a for the good things they did for you, roller coaster of emotions. Pickhardt and always remember it. (2010) added further that the loss of childhood is so painful for adolescents Play on your strengths. That means that the developmental challenges are so doing things that you enjoy most, daunting. The vulnerability from and it involves doing things that are insecurity is high; the demands of growth good for you. are many; the conflicts over independence Be aware of the good things in your are exciting. life. An adage that means—count your blessings! Given the descriptions above, we suggest that the unpredictability of emotions is normal. A primary task during this time is to gain insight into one’s emotionality and expand one’s capacity for empathy with others' emotional state (Wessberg & O’Brien, 2004). Positive Actions to Help you Manage Emotions Did you know that you can take a number of actions that will help you manage your emotions? Many of them are very general, but it is worth trying them because you may find that they truly work! Exercise. This releases reward and pleasure chemicals in the brain