Perfusion Student (1) PDF

Perfusion Peripheral Vascular Disease Aneurysms  Arteries take blood Away from the heart Veins Vacuum blood back to the heart  01. Peripheral Vascular Disease Peripheral Venous Disease (PVD) & Peripheral Arterial...

Perfusion Peripheral Vascular Disease Aneurysms  Arteries take blood Away from the heart Veins Vacuum blood back to the heart  01. Peripheral Vascular Disease Peripheral Venous Disease (PVD) & Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)  Peripheral Vascular Disease Peripheral Peripheral arterial disease venous disease (PAD)  1 in 20 People over the age of 50 have PAD in Canada Numbers are expected to rise due to our aging population and high prevalence of diabetes Pathophysiology PAD = BAD Stenosis of the peripheral arteries Most commonly from atherosclerosis, vascular inflammation, thromboembolism, or thrombosis As the arteries become more narrow, less oxygen rich blood is reaching the periphery resulting is ischemia  Atherosclerosis Thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of arterial walls Deposits of fat and fibrin obstruct and harden the arteries which affects blood flow and supply to tissues Clinical symptoms when 60-75% blocked Leading cause of PAD Risk Factors PAD High Smoking Diabetes HTN Cholesterol Sedentary Obesity Age Stress lifestyle Symptoms of PAD Arteries are narrowed which prevents oxygenated blood from getting to distal extremities. Can potentially lead to ischemia and necrosis. Think “Arts” for arteries Absent pulses (cool, shiny, no hair) Round, red sores Toes and feet are pale or blackened Sharp calf pain (intermittent claudication) 6 Ps of PAD (Assessment Findings) Pain Paresthesia Pulses Intermittent Legs fall asleep due to Weak/absent pulses Claudication decreased oxygen Check with a doppler Pain with legs elevated Rest Pain Pallor Polar Paralysis Pale when elevated Cold from low blood flow Severe side effect from Rubor when dangling deoxygenation Intermittent Claudication Calf pain brought on by exercise, resolves with rest, and is reproducible Possible to also have pain in buttock, foot, or thigh though less common 10% of PAD patients have this classic symptom Complication: Critical Limb Ischemia Characterized as severe manifestation of PAD for over 2 weeks Rest pain Nonhealing wounds/gangrene proven from PAD High risk for amputation and CV events ABI