Perfusion Study Guide.pdf

Perfusion Study Guide! Know everything here and you’re in the clear! 1. Describe the basic principles of perfusion a. Pay special attention to: i. Blood vessel size 1. ii. Cardiac output: 1. Normal 4 - 8 L/...

Perfusion Study Guide! Know everything here and you’re in the clear! 1. Describe the basic principles of perfusion a. Pay special attention to: i. Blood vessel size 1. ii. Cardiac output: 1. Normal 4 - 8 L/min 2. Cardiac output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume 3. Stroke volume (contractility, afterload, preload) a. Contractility: force/strength of contraction b. Preload: Amount of blood returned to the right side of the heart at the end of diastole c. Afterload: Pressure that the left ventricle has to pump against 4. Heart Rate iii. Blood pressure 2. Exemplars a. Hypertension i. b. Peripheral Vascular Disease i. Deoxygenated blood can’t get back to the heart. ii. Pooling of oxygenated blood in the extremities. iii. Edema, but no gangrene iv. Caused by: Smoking Diabetes High cholesterol Hypertension v. Treatment 1. Elevate Veins 2. Medications a. Aspirin or Clopidogrel b. Cholesterol lowering drugs “statin” 3. Surgery a. Angioplasty b. Bypass (CABG) c. Endarterectomy c. Eclampsia, Preeclampsia (including HELLP Syndrome) i. Eclampsia ii. Preeclampsia 3. Identify risk factors related to altered perfusion a. Modifiable i. Hypertension ii. Smoking iii. Diabetes  iv. High Cholesterol v. Obesity vi. Sedentary Lifestyle vii. Poor Diet (high cholesterol, fat, sodium, potassium, alcohol and sugar) viii. Stress b. Non-Modifiable i. Family History ii. Older Age iii. Being a man iv. Being black 4. Plan prevention strategies for alterations in perfusion a. 5. Identify assessment data including diagnostic and laboratory tests to determine an individual’s gas exchange status. a. Urinalysis b. 24-hour urine c. Complete blood count d. Basic metabolic panel i. a blood test that measures eight different substances in your blood to evaluate your general health e. Aspartate Aminotransferase i. Tests enzyme level to evaluate liver function f. Blood pressure g. Pulse h. Capillary refill i. Doppler flow studies i. noninvasive ultrasound that uses sound waves to measure blood flow in blood vessels j. Renal ultrasound i. noninvasive medical imaging test that uses sound waves to create images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder k. Ankle-brachial index i.