Purposive Communication Learning Module PDF

Table of Contents Page TITLE PAGE i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 3...

Table of Contents Page TITLE PAGE i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 3 SYLLABUS 4 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION 22 MODULE 1 LESSON 1: Nature, Definitions and Components of 22 Communication 33 LESSON 2: The Process and Elements of Communication 56 LESSON 3: Principles of Communication 62 LESSON 4: Ethics of Communication COMMUNICATION AND GLOBALIZATION MODULE 2 LESSON 1: Communication and Technology LESSON 2: Introduction to Globalization LESSON 3: Impacts of Globalization to Communication LESSON 4: Impacts of Globalization to Global Communication LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION IN MODULE 3 MULTICULTURAL SETTING LESSON 1: Diversity and the Global Community LESSON 2: Cultural Awareness and Sensitivity LESSON 3: Gender Sensitive Language and Political Correctness LESSON 4: Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written Language EVALUATING MESSAGES AND MODULE 4 COMMUNICATION AIDS AND STRATEGIES LESSON 1: Linguistic and Online Landscapes, and Geosemiotics LESSON 2: Kinds of Signs LESSON 3: Kinds of Communication Strategies LESSON 4: Factors in Developing Communication Strategy 1  COMMUNICATION FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES MODULE 5 LESSON 1: Purposes of Communication LESSON 2: Preparing a Speech and Oral Report LESSON 3: Informative, Persuasive Communication and Public Speaking LESSON 4: Workplace Communication LESSON 5: Business Letters, Memos, Minutes and Incident Reports LESSON 6: Interview COMMUNICATION FOR ACADEMIC MODULE 6 PURPOSES LESSON 1: Basics of Writing, Academic Research and Documented Essay in the 21st Century LESSON 2: Critical Thinking, Collaboration and the Writing Process LESSON 3: Concepts of Social and Cultural Significance LESSON 4: Writing about Concepts REFERENCES 68 2 Introduction “To effectively communicate, we must realize that we are all different in the way we perceive the world and use this understanding as a guide to our communication with others.”- Anthony Robbins Communication in the 21 st century has become much complex than it was decades past. The continuous development in human society allowed for individuals to form communities. The first development was the appearance of language. Though limited with grunts and sounds, and gestures, it is by no means null. This allowed for homo sapiens to collaborate in hunting. The next development was the invention of the written language. With materials available, communication traversed through time and space. Knowledge could now be passed and preserved not only through oral tradition but also through materials available around (e.g. wood, clay, etc.). The third development that significantly changed communication from the last two developments was printing. Printing made it possible to make identical copies of documents and distribute it far and wide. It was considered as the first technology to communication then. This technology was further developed when communication had been able to reach distances without physically moving for it to take place. In the past, postal services and transportation made it possible for artifacts to be delivered to different places. However, the critical fourth development made communication easier. The electronic communication like the telegraph to telephone, fax machines and now the internet revolutionized communication. This module is about writing, speaking and presenting to different audiences and for various purposes that will aid the student to have a deeper understanding of effective communication using English. It aims to develop students‘ communicative competence and enhance their cultural and intercultural awareness through multimodal tasks by providing them opportunities for communicating effectively and appropriately in multicultural contexts. The knowledge and skills that the students are expected to gain from this module may be used in their academic endeavors, in their chosen disciplines, and in their future careers as they compose and produce relevant oral, written, audio-visual, and/ or web-based output for various purposes complying with the provisions of C.M.O. 20, series of 2013, and guided by the content of the syllabus from the Commission on Higher Education. -RMMT, 2020 3 Syllabus POLYTECHNIC U NIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES College of Education SANTA ROSA CAMPUS COURSE TITLE : Purposive Communication COURSE CODE : GEED 10063 CREDIT UNITS : 3.0 units, 3 hrs./week (18 weeks, 54 hrs. in total) COURSE : None PREREQUISITE : Purposive Communication is a three-unit course that develops student‘s communicative competence, and enhances their cultural and intercultural awareness through multimodal tasks that provide them opportunities for communicating effectively and appropriately to multicultural audience in local or global contexts with focus on the effective use of the English Language, the world‘s Lingua Franca. It equips students with tools for critical evaluation of a variety of texts COURSE and focuses on the power of language and the impact of the images to DESCRIPTION emphasize the importance of conveying messages responsibly. The knowledge, skills, and insights that students gain from this course may be used in their other academic endeavors, their chosen disciplines, and their future careers as they compose and produce relevant oral, written, audio-visual, and/ or web-based output for various purposes. It also aims to familiarize learners on the varieties of Englishes and lexicons from different English-speaking countries for effective global communication. Institutional Learning Program Outcomes Course Outcomes Outcomes 1.Creative and Critical After the finishing the BSE At the end of the course, the Thinking English/ BSE Math/ TLE/ students are expected to: Graduates use their BSIE, BSCP, BSA, BSMM and imaginative as well as a BSECE program, its graduates KNOWLEDGE rational thinking are expected to: 1. Describe the nature, abilities to life elements, and situations in order push 1. Articulate a functions of verbal boundaries, realize comprehensive and and nonverbal possibilities, and deepen contextualized communication in their interdisciplinary understanding of various multicultural and general English Language contexts; understanding of the system and their 2. Explain how cultural world. development; and global issues affect communication; 2.Effective 2. Communicate in 3. Describe the different Communication English fluently, communication Graduates are proficient accurately, ethically, climates of ENL, in the four macro skills and creatively in ESL, and EFL in communication diverse social cultural, contexts; (reading, writing, academic, and 4. Determine and use listening, and speaking) professional settings; culturally and and are able to use politically these skills in solving appropriate terms, 4  problems. Making 3. Demonstrate leadership expression, and decisions, and and organizational images in the English articulating thoughts skills in English language when engaging with language learning in 5. Compare and people in various the diverse local and contrast varieties of circumstances. global social, cultural, English lexicons for academic, and global, 3.Strong Service professional settings; communication; Orientation 6. Evaluate multimodal Graduates exemplify 4. participate effectively texts critically to the potentialities of an in multimodal enhance receptive efficient, well-rounded communication (listening, reading, and responsible situation where viewing) skills; and professional deeply language system vary; 7. Determine academic committed to service text excellence. 5. produce well-written structure/discourse in texts for various English. 4.Community academic and Engagement professional purposes; SKILLS Graduates take an 1. Convey ideas active role in the 6. lay groundwork for through oral, audio- promotion and advanced and visual, and/or web fulfillment of various continuous studies on based presentations advocacies (educational, the English language for different target social and and its varieties used in audiences in local environmental) for the diverse local and global and global setting advancement of context; and using appropriate community welfare. English language 7. Integrate technology in registers; 5.Adeptness in the teaching and learning 2. Create clear, Responsible Use of English. coherent , and Technology effective Graduates demonstrate communication optimized use of digital materials; learning abilities, 3. Present ideas including technical and persuasively using numerical skills. appropriate tone, style, and reference 6.Passion to Lifelong styles in English; Learning and Graduates are enabled 4. Write and present to perform and function academic papers in the society by taking using appropriate responsibility in their tone style, and quest to know more reference styles in about the world through the English language lifelong learning. VALUES 7.High Level of 1. Adopt cultural, and Leadership and intercultural Organizational Skills awareness and Graduates are sensitivity in developed to become the communication of best professionals in ideas; their respective 2. Appreciate the disciplines by differences of the manifesting the varieties of spoken 5  appropriate skills and and written English; leaderships qualities. 3. Adopt awareness of audience and context 8.Sense of Personal in presenting ideas of and Professional materials in the Ethics English language ; Graduates show and desirable attitudes and 4. Appreciate the impact behavior either in their of communication to personal and different societies and professional the world. circumstances. 9.Sense of National and Global Responsiveness Graduates‘ deep sense of national compliments the need to live in a global village where one‘s culture and other people culture are respected. Course Plan Week Topic Learning Methodology Resources Assessment Outcomes Week 1 A. Course Describe Lecture and Course syllabus Quizzes and orientation the nature class LCD projector or manila seatwork 1. Mission and discussion on paper identifying and Vision function of elements and 1. Audio and/ or elements or of the PUP verbal and types of videos clips of communicatio 2. Course nonverbal communicatio various media n content communic n (e.g., TV ( e.g., sender, and ation in commercials, message, requireme multicultu Group work on movies, newscasts, channel nts ral identifying etc.) ,receiver, 3. Classroom contexts of elements of 2. Texts from effect) policies both communicatio newspapers, and English n in various magazines, regulation and non- texts. journals 4. Grading English Course Module system speaking Simulation of Resources: countries authentic 1. Hill, A. and Leigh- in the scenarios Hunt, N., 2016. B.Communica- world. involving the Principles, tion process, various Theories And principles, and elements of Methods Of ethics of Communicatio Effective English and n Communication non-English (Written And Speaking Oral) In General, Countries And In A Management Context. [online] Health Knowledge. 6  Available at: < https://www.healt hknowledge.org.uk /public-health- textbook/organisat ion- management/5a- understanding- itd/effective- communication > [Accessed 13 May 2020]. 2. Promeng.eu. 2010. Effective Communication Skills. [online] Available at: [Accessed 13 May 2020]. 3. Bernales, R., Balon, W. and Biligan, R., 2018. Purposive Communication: In Local And Global Contexts. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc. 4. Mercado, Ma. Cristina et.al.(2018). Purposive Communication: Connecting to the World Mutya Publishing House Inc. Week 2 Communication Explain Class LCD projector or manila Reaction and how discussion of paper paper and/or globalization cultural essay, ―Flight 1. Audio and/ or discussion and global from videos clips of forum on the issues Conversation,‘‘ various media impact of affect or videos, (e.g., TV globalization communic ―Connected commercials, on how people ation. but alone,‖ and movies, communicate 7 Appreciate ―How Social newscasts, and vice the impact Media can etc.) versa. of make history,‘‘ 2. Texts from communic or ―Wiring a newspapers, Short Debate ation in web for global magazines, between the various good.‘‘ journals notion societies Course Module ―Connecting and the Resources and world. 1. ― Communicating Conversation a multicultural society and world‖[pdf] 2. Turkle, S., 2012. Opinion | The Flight From Conversation. [online] Nytimes.com. Available at: https://www.nytim es.com/2012/04/22/ opinion/sunday/th e-flight-from- conversation.html? searchResultPositi on=1 [Accessed 13 May 2020]. 3. Turkle, S., 2012. Connected, But Alone?. [video] Available at: https://www.ted.co m/talks/sherry_tur kle_connected_but _alone/transcript?l anguage=en [Accessed 13 May 2020]. 4. TED Talks. (2009). How Social Media Can Make History [Video]. Retrieved 29 May 2020, from https://www.ted.co m/talks/clay_shirk y_how_social_medi a_can_make_histo ry?language=en. 5. TED Talks. (2009). Wiring a Web for Global Good [Video]. Retrieved 29 May 2020, from https://www.ted.co m/talks/gordon_br own_wiring_a_web _for_global_good?l 8  anguage=en. Week 3 Global cultural Describe Presentation LCD projector Reflection climate the and Class 1. Videos of speakers paper on the communic discussion of from English- importance of ation assigned Micro speaking countries the one‘s climate of Case Studies (available via awareness of the YouTube) Hand- the cultural different outs on climate of countries communication different when climate English using both Course Module speaking their Handout on Global countries. mother Communication and Cross tongue and Cultural Competence: Group the Micro- Case Studies for Presentation English Today‘s World of Micro Language Studies as Lingua Resources: assigned with Franca 1. Micro Case artful Studies: presentation Barker, Kimberley; Day, of objects that Christine R.; Day, Deanna would best L.; Kujava, Elizabeth R.; speak of the Otwori, Juliette; Ruscitto, researches Robert A.; Smith, Alex; and Xu, Tianjiao (2017) "Global Communication and Cross-Cultural Competence: Twenty-First Century Micro-Case Studies," Global Advances in Business and Communications Conference & Journal: Vol. 6: Iss. 1, Article 5. Available at: http://commons.emich.edu/ gabc/vol6/iss1/5 or at https://pdfs.semanticschol ar.org/163e/0fcbfd9845b7b bd0413e644c452894ecc78a.pdf 2. Bernales, R., Balon, W. and Biligan, R., 2018. Purposive Communication: In Local And Global Contexts. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc. 3. Mercado, Ma. Cristina et.al.(2018). Purposive Communication: 9  Connecting to the World Mutya Publishing House Inc Week Local and Determine Lecture and LCD projector Quiz and 4-5 global culturally- class 1. Films or videos seatwork on communication and discussion on showing students/ using in multicultural politically- using speakers from culturally settings appropriat culturally- and different cultures, appropriate e terms politically- regions terms, expression appropriate communicating in expressions, s, and terms, a multilingual and images; images expressions, setting (.e.g. Lost varieties and (sensitivity and images; in Translation, registers of to the varieties and The joy Luck Club, language gender, registers of My Big Fat Greek race, class, language Wedding) Researches etc.) Course Module and reports Researches/academic on various papers on local and global cultural and communication in intercultural multicultural setting modes of communicatio Resources n (e.g., 1. TED Talks. (2009). words/gesture Pop Culture in the s used in a Arab World particular [Video]. Retrieved region or 29 May 2020, from country to https://www.ted.co show respect) m/talks/shereen_el and/or _feki_pop_culture_ various issues in_the_arab_world in ?language=en. communicatio 2. Bernales, R., n (e.g., use of Balon, W. and politically Biligan, R., 2018. correct words Purposive in today‘s Communication: world; gender In Local And sensitivity Global Contexts. through Malabon City: language) Mutya Publishing House, Inc. 3. Mercado, Ma. Cristina et.al.(2018). Purposive Communication: Connecting to the World Mutya Publishing House Inc. Week 6 Varieties and Adopt Class LCD projector, laptop, Infomercial registers of cultural discussion of speakers on the spoken and and cultural varieties of 10 written English intercultur appropriatenes Course Module the English language al s in Images of people language awareness communicatin communicating in and g as tackled in different languages Posting of sensitivity film/video Infomercial in Resources: online to communic 1. Youssef, S. (2015). check the ation of «It ain‘t right, number of ideas when innit?» – About viewers and using the language register likers English in English. CELSA influenced by language Accents. Retrieved the activity and its 29 May 2020, from varieties https://celsalangue s.wordpress.com/2 015/01/29/it-aint- right-innit-about- language-register- in-english/. 2. Language Register - Formal, Informal, and Neutral. Really- learn-english.com. Retrieved 29 May 2020, from https://www.really -learn- english.com/langu age-register.html. 3. Hickey, R. (2020). Studying Varieties of English, (c) Raymond Hickey. Uni-due.de. Retrieved 29 May 2020, from https://www.uni- due.de/SVE/. 4. Scott, J. Varieties Of English – ICAL TEFL. ICAL TEFL. Retrieved 29 May 2020, from http://www.icaltefl.com/category/vari eties-of-english. 5. Clark, U. (2014). Which variety of English should you speak? | British Council. Britishcouncil.org. Retrieved 29 May 2020, from https://www.britis hcouncil.org/voices 11  -magazine/which- variety-english- should-you-speak. 6. Bernales, R., Balon, W. and Biligan, R., 2018. Purposive Communication: In Local And Global Contexts. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc. 7. Mercado, Ma. Cristina et.al.(2018). Purposive Communication: Connecting to the World Mutya Publishing House Inc. Week 7 MIDTERM Week World Compare Exercise on LCD projector, speakers Quiz and 8-9 Englishes and and culturally- 1. Lecture videos on seatwork on global contrast appropriate World Englishes using communication World terms, culturally Englishes expressions, Course Module appropriate in terms of and images Brainstorming on list of terms, lexicon through a English words from expressions, and short role play different English-speaking and images, semantics countries varieties and Interview registers of Use the invited Resources: language variety of speakers/stude 2. Kirkpatrick, A. English in nts to monitor (2007). ―World different the Englishes: context occurrences of Implications for World English International usage Communication and English Language Teaching. ― English in the World Global Rules, Global Roles. Cambridge University Press. 3. Bernales, R., Balon, W. and Biligan, R., 2018. Purposive Communication: In Local And Global Contexts. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing 12  House, Inc. 4. Mercado, Ma. Cristina et.al.(2018). Purposive Communication: Connecting to the World Mutya Publishing House Inc. Week Evaluating Evaluate Lecture and LCD projector, speakers Invitation for 10-11 messages multimoda class 1. Lecture videos on people to join and/or images l text discussion on World Englishes cause- (e.g., pictures, critically critical oriented illustrations) of to enhance reading and Course Module events using different type of receptive listening Authentic texts about various media texts reflecting (listening, cultural sensitivity form such as e- different reading, Exercise on various media (text mail, social cultures viewing) analyzing messages, e-mail media, print, (regional, Asia, skills content of messages, social media and/or Western, etc.) various texts messages, newspaper, electronic 1. What is Convey magazine, and journal advertisemen the ideas articles, print and ts. messag through electronic advertisement e? oral, Samples: 2. What is audio- 1. Cross Cultural Write a 3-5 the visual Situation. [Image]. paragraph purpose and/or Retrieved 29 May essay of the web-based 2020, from answering messag presentati https://mindspacei the following e? ons for ntuition.files.word question: 3. How is different press.com/2015/01/ 1. How is the target cross-cultural.jpg. communicatio messag audience 2. Indian Goddess in n related to e in local Burger King cultural conveye and global advert. [Image]. diversity? d by the settings Retrieved 29 May test using 2020, from and/or appropriat https://i.telegraph. image? e registers co.uk/multimedia/ 4. Who is in the archive/01440/bur the English ger_1440211c.jpg. target language. Resources: audienc 1. Bernales, R., e of the Adopt Balon, W. and messag awareness Biligan, R., 2018. e? of Purposive 5. What audience Communication: other and In Local And ways of context in Global Contexts. presenti presenting Malabon City: ng the ideas. Mutya Publishing messag House, Inc. e are 2. Mercado, Ma. there? Cristina et.al.(2018). Purposive 13  Communication: Connecting to the World Mutya Publishing House Inc. Week Communication Convey Lecture and LCD projector, speakers Oral, audio- 12 aids and ideas class 1. Texts, video/audio visual, and/or strategies using through discussion on clips from various web-based tools of oral, preparing sources presentations technology audio- audio visual to promote visual, and web-based Course Module cultural and/or web presentations values (e.g., based Resources: respect for presentati Group work 1. O'Brien, A. (2018). elders, ons for and class creating bayanihan different discussion on multimodal texts. spirit, etc.) target identifying creating audiences problems with multimodal texts. in local the research Retrieved 29 May and global presentation 2020, from settings in the video. https://creatingmu using ltimodaltexts.com/. appropriat 2. Undergraduate e registers. Students Unwittingly Adopt Subjected to awareness World's Worst of Research audience Presentation. and (2012). [Video]. context in Retrieved 29 May presenting 2020, from ideas https://www.youtu be.com/watch?v=n SGqp4- bZQY&feature=em b_title. 3. Bernales, R., Balon, W. and Biligan, R., 2018. Purposive Communication: In Local And Global Contexts. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc. 4. Mercado, Ma. Cristina et.al.(2018). Purposive Communication: Connecting to the World Mutya Publishing House Inc. 5. Adler,R., 14  Elmhorst, J.M.,&Lucas,K. (2012). Communicating at work: Strategies for success in business and the professions. NY: McGraw Hill Week Communication Convey Lecture and LCD projector or manila Public 13-14 for various ideas class paper announcemen purposes through discussion on 1. Sample texts ts 1. To oral, informative, (inquiry letter, (audio/video, obtain, audio- persuasive, police reports, social media) provide, visual, and political speeches, about and and/or argumentative letters of disaster dissemi web-based communicatio appreciation, etc.) preparedness nate presentati n Samples: informa ons for Gocivilairpatrol.co Editorial tion different Lecture and m. Retrieved 29 about 2. To target discussion of May 2020, from environmenta persuad audiences types of https://www.gocivi l issues e and in local speeches and lairpatrol.com/med argue and global public ia/cms/L2L_Mod2_ Formal One- settings speaking Ch8_Effective_Co Minute using (memorized mmunicatio_63AF Speech based appropriat impromptu, CA8970D43.pdf. on current e registers extemporaneo issues us) Course Module (Extemporane Create ous) clear, Short exercises Resources: coherent asking for 2. Lucas, S. (2011). and information The art of public effective through speaking. NY: communic inquiry letter McGraw Hill. ation or interview, (see also: materials response to https://www.acade using queries, mia.edu/40918025/ English incident The_Art_of_Public language. reports _Speaking_12th_E dition) Present 3. TEDx Talks. ideas (2013). The Most persuasive Important Thing ly using Cannot be Said: appropriat Eddie Calasanz at e language TEDxADMU registers, [Video]. Retrieved tone, facial 29 May 2020, from expression https://www.youtu s and be.com/watch?v=v gestures vsziU1cVHw. 4. Bernales, R., Adopt Balon, W. and awareness Biligan, R., 2018. of Purposive audience Communication: 15  and In Local And context in Global Contexts. presenting Malabon City: ideas in Mutya Publishing communic House, Inc. ating ideas 5. Mercado, Ma. Cristina et.al.(2018). Purposive Communication: Connecting to the World Mutya Publishing House Inc. Week Communication Create Lecture and LCD projector or manila Handwritten 15 for work clear, class paper drafts of purposes (e.g. coherent discussion on 1. Kangas, G. (2012). letters healthcare, and effective Giving Computerized education, effective communicatio Presentations letters edited business and communic n and oral Worth Listening to by peer trade, law, ation presentations [Video]. Retrieved Written media, science materials. in the 29 May 2020, from and/or oral and technology) workplace https://www.youtu presentation Present be.com/watch?v=N (group ideas Analysis of UXkThfQx6A. reporting) of persuasive different Course Module a medical ly using communicatio Sample communication case/ business appropriat n materials materials from different proposal/ e language workplace settings (e.g. media registers, Writing minutes, memo, requests, campaign tone, facial exercises on business/technical/inciden proposal/ expression communicatio t reports, letters) program or s and n materials for project gestures the workplace Resources: proposal for (e.g. minutes, 1. Sample-meeting- addressing a Adopt memo, minutes. (n.d.). health awareness requests, yumpu.com. issue/problem of business/techn https://www.yump using audience ical/incident, u.com/en/documen communicatio and reports, t/view/35217881/s n aids and context in letters) ample-meeting- strategies – presenting minutes tools of ideas 2. Bernales, R., technology) Balon, W. and Biligan, R., 2018. Purposive Communication: In Local And Global Contexts. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc. 3. Mercado, Ma. Cristina et.al.(2018). Purposive Communication: 16  Connecting to the World Mutya Publishing House Inc. Week Communication Write and Lecture and LCD projector or manila Analysis 16-17 for academic present class paper papers (e.g. purpose (e.g. academic discussion on 1. Kangas, G. (2012). literary research-based papers effective Giving analysis, journal or using communicatio Presentations political, magazine appropriat n and oral Worth Listening to science articles, etc.) e tone, presentations [Video]. Retrieved analysis style, and for academic 29 May 2020, from paper) and/or reference purposes https://www.youtu technical styles. be.com/watch?v=N papers (for Independent UXkThfQx6A. journal Adopt research (topic Course Module article) on awareness proposal, political, of literature Resources: social, audience review, data 1. Bullock, R., cultural, and gathering, Goggin, M. D., & economic, or context in data analysis) Weinberg, F. health presenting (2016). The Norton environment ideas field guide to issue writing with Convey readings and Academic ideas handbook. W. W. presentations through Norton. (e.g. paper oral, 2. Bullock, R. & presentations audio- Goggin, M. (2013). for a visual, The Norton Field local/internati and/or Guide to Writing onal web-based 3rd edition. W.W. conference, presentati Norton and lecture ons for Company presentations different See: for a target http://english28- local/internati audiences payte.weebly.com/ onal forum) of in local uploads/3/8/2/9/38 analysis/tech and global 294063/nortonfield nical paper settings guide2.pdf using 3. Reich, Brian. Final project: appropriat (n.d.). Academic Multimodal e registers Presentations. advocacy https://www4.stat. campaign ncsu.edu/~reich/st (print, audio, 810A/oral.pdf visual, web- 4. Edwards, Paul. based) (2014, October). addressing How to Give an current issues Academic Talk,. tackled in https://pne.people. previous si.umich.edu/PDF/ tasks howtotalk.pdf 5. Bernales, R., Balon, W. and Biligan, R., 2018. 17  Purposive Communication: In Local And Global Contexts. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc. 6. Mercado, Ma. Cristina et.al.(2018). Purposive Communication: Connecting to the World Mutya Publishing House Inc. Week FINAL EXAM 18 Suggested Readings and References Adler, R., Elmhorst. J. M., & Lucas, k (2012) Communicate at work: Strategies for success in business and the professions. NY : McGraw Hill Baker, W. (2o12). From cultural awareness to intercultural awareness: culture in ELT. ELT Journal, 66(1), 62-70. Bernales, R., Balon, W. and Biligan, R., 2018. Purposive Communication: In Local And Global Contexts. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc. Biber, D..& Conrad S. (2009). Register, genre and style. Cambridge: Cambridge University Bullock, R. & Goggin, M. (2013). The Norton Field Guide to Writing 3rd edition. W.W. Norton and Company (See: http://english28-payte.weebly.com/uploads/3/8/2/9/38294063/nortonfieldguide2.pdf) Bullock, R., Goggin, M. D., & Weinberg, F. (2016). The Norton field guide to writing with readings and handbook. W. W. Norton. Chase, r. &Shamo, S. (2013).Elements of Effective Communication, 4th ed. Washington, Utah: Plain and Precious Publishing. Dainton, M. &Zelley E. (2015).Applying communication theory for professional life. A practical introduction, 3rd ed. Sage Publishing. Kirkpatrick, A. (2007). ―World Englishes: Implications for International Communication and English Language Teaching. ― English in the World Global Rules, Global Roles. Cambridge University Press. Lucas, S. (2011). The art of public speaking. NY: McGraw Hill. (see also: https://www.academia.edu/40918025/The_Art_of_Public_Speak ing_12th_Edition ) Mooney, A. Peccei, J.S., La Belle, S., et al, (2010) ,Language , society and power: An introduction, 3rd ed. London Routledge. Other References Axelrod,R.B. & cooper, C.R. (2011). Axelrod and Cooper‘s Concise Guide to Writing, 5th Ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin‘s Gepila, Jr.,E.C. (2014). Examining the Composition Writing Competency of PUP Laboratory High School Grade Seven Students for Improving Teaching Writing Methodolog ies. Unpublished Master‘s Thesis. Philippine Normal University ,Taft , Manila. Mercado, Ma. Cristina et.al.(2018). Purposive Communication: Connecting to the World Mutya Publishing House Inc. Solomon, B.A. & Felder, R.M. (2009). Index of Learning Style Qu estionnaire. www.engr.ncsu.edu Reich, Brian. (n.d.). Academic Presentations. https://www4.stat.ncsu.edu/~reich/st810A/oral.pdf Edwards, Paul. (2014, October). How to Give an Academic Talk, https://pne.people.si.umich.edu/PDF/howtotalk.pdf 18 Course Grading System Display and definition of the approved university grading system for the course MIDTERM GRADE 50% FINAL GRADE 50% Class standing 70% Class standing 70 % Recitations/class participation Recitations/class Quizzes participation Activities Quizzes Attendance Activities Midterm examinations 30% Attendance 30 % Midterm examinations 100 % TOTAL Classroom Policy ATTENDANCE 1. Students are required to attend classes regularly and punctually starting from the first day of school. 2. A ten minute grace period will be given for the student before it will be considered late. Three (3) times late is considered one (1) absence. The student will be considered absent if the student does not arrive 30 minutes after the class starts. 3. [Online/ Distant learning] Student must attend the orientation session that is scheduled on the first meeting of the classes. 4. [Online/ Distant learning] Student is required to log on weekly and review the week‘s course material. Individual assignments or Internet assignments are due each week. Attendance will be taken based on the student‘s submission of weekly assignments. Failure to submit an assignment when due is considered absent for that week. 5. [Face to Face/ Online/ Distant learning] The instructor is authorized to drop any student exceeding the required number of absences [9 hours or 3 class periods]. 6. [Online/ Distant learning] The instructor will also check the attendance to the class by checking student‘s postings and responses to assignments CLASS DISCUSSION FORUM [Online/ Distant Learning] 1. Class ―periods‖ are scheduled to end at 6:00 p.m. on Monday. Discussion Forum reading and response assignments for the class period must be completed by those date/times. A student will be required to answer some specific questions about the individual reading assignments and respond to at least 3 classmate responses (though you may respond to more). All responses, both to the questions and classmates, must be detailed, developed, and stylistically/ technically sound. No text shortcut or emojis will be accepted as a response [This is after all an English course]. The grade for this are will be determined by both the quantity and quality of the answers and responses. Therefore, the student must demonstrate a thoughtful consideration of both readings and the classmates‘ responses. In addition, the student‘s course attendance is determined by his timely and regular contribution to the discussion forum. All reading assignments for the course are listed by date/ week on the course syllabus, and the questions for each reading selection are listed in the Assignments section. Late posts to the Discussion Forum will be penalized. ACADEMIC INTEGRITY 1. Academic integrity is a responsibility of all university faculty and students. Faculty members promote academic integrity in multiple ways including instruction. Academic dishonesty like cheating and plagiarism is not tolerated. Cheating includes but is not limited to (1) using or attempting to us unauthorized materials to aid in achieving a better grade on a component of a class; (2) falsification or invention of any information including citations, on an assignment or exercise; and/ or (3) helping or attempting to help another in an act of cheating or plagiarism. Plagiarism is presenting the words or ideas of another person as if they were your own. Examples of plagiarism are (1) submitting an assignment as if it were one's own work when, in fact, it is at least partly the work of another; (2) submitting a work that has been purchased or 19  otherwise obtained from an Internet source or another source; and (3) incorporating the words or ideas of an author into one's paper without giving the author due credit. STUDENT BEHAVIOR 1. Use of mobile phones, laptops, table, etc. in class is not allowed. 2. Tardiness and Inattentiveness (sleeping, talking among class members, working on activities unrelated to class) is not allowed. 3. Use of profanity or insensitive language is also not allowed. Other students deserve respect and support 4. Respect your instructor. Openly challenging the instructor's knowledge or authority in the classroom is not appropriate. If you take issue with the instructor's information or instructional methods, make sure that your comments are made without confrontation or antagonism. You may want to discuss your issues with her or him privately. MAKE UP TEST 1. Make-up test may be scheduled in cases of a serious illness, death in the immediate family, or official school business prevents you from completing a test or in-class writing lab AND if you notify the instructor within ONE CLASS DAY of the absence. The student must present a doctor‘s certificate and an excuse letter from his guardian. Consultation Time 1. Consultation time is set based on the class schedule assigned. Should a student want to discuss a particular problem with the instructor or vice versa, the student may schedule a meeting with the instructor outside class time. 2. For online/ distant learning, the instructor will only respond to messages or queries from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. No messages will be entertained beyond those hours. Prepared by: Reviewed by: Rocio Marie M. T ejido Prof. __________________, Faculty Me mbe r from the Santa De partment/Academic Program Rosa Campus He ad Recommending Approval: Prof. Charito A. Monteayor Dire ctor, PUP Santa Rosa Campus Approved by: Prof. _________________________, MBA Vice Pre sident for Academic Affairs/ Vice Pre sident for Branches and Satellite Campuse s Revised May 2020 20  Overview All of us are constantly in a state of giving and receiving communications. Problems arise when one does not receive, or understand, the message sent in the communication as it was intended, or when one subconsciously sends a nonverbal message that contradicts the spoken word. This module attempts to help students understand the importance of good communications skills at school and at work. It will focus on (1) the understanding of communication and its components, (2) the process and elements of communication, (3) the principles behind it, and (4) ethics of communication. Module Objectives: After a successful completion of this module, the student should be able to: 1. Describe the nature, components, process, principles and ethics of communication in various multicultural contexts. 2. Understand the importance of good communication skills 3. Understand how nonverbal communication skills affect their overall communications in the classroom and at work 4. Use effective listening techniques 5. Use proper oral communication skills Course Materials: 1. Module 1 – Communication Skills 2. Overhead projector as needed 3. Audio and/ or videos clips of various media (e.g., TV commercials, movies, newscasts, etc.) 4. Texts from newspapers, magazines, journals 21  Module 1 Introduction to Communication LEARNING OUTCOMES After the learning engagements, the learners will be able to: 1. Define communication 2. Identify and explain the various communication modes and how they help in expressing one‘s communication intents; 3. Distinguish the differences between and among the communication modes; and 4. Use the communication modes appropriately depending on the content of the communication situation COMMUNICATION Alexander (1984) stated that communication occurs when a sender expresses an emotion or a feeling, creates an idea, or senses the need to communicate. The communication process is triggered when the sender makes a conscious or an unconscious decision to share the message with another person—the receiver. It is a process wherein the exchange of information between two or more people (Bernales, Balon and Biligan, 2018). Keyton (2011) supported this notion of communication when he defined it as Communication can be defined as the process of transmitting information and common understanding from one person to another. For communication to succeed, both the participants must be able to exchange information and understand each other. If this flow of information is interrupted or blocked communication fails. The word communication is derived from the Latin word, ― “communis”, which means common. In our everyday living, for a communication to be effectively transmitted, elements of communication must be present and these include a) Speaker, b) Message, c) Receiver, d) Channel, e) Feedback, and f) Communicative Situation. Alexander (1984) further explains that every communicative act is based on something that conveys meaning, and that conveyance is the message. The message may be either verbal (spoken or written) or nonverbal (body language, physical appearance, or vocal tone). Messages may also come from the context—or place and time—of the communication. For instance, if you choose to make a critical comment to someone, the place and the time you choose to make that comment will make a big impact on how it will be received. 22  Moreover, every message is sent and received through one of our five senses—it is seen, heard, touched, tasted, or smelled. The sensory media through which messages are sent and received are communication channels. In a work setting, messages may be seen through body movement, letters, memos, newsletters, bulletin board notices, signs, emails, and so on. Messages that are heard come through conversations, interviews, presentations, telephones, radios, and other audio media. Sight and sound are the two most frequent communication channels used in our society. When the receiver gets the message (through seeing, hearing, feeling, touching, or smelling), he or she will usually give feedback (return message) unconsciously or consciously. Thus, the communications process is on-going. The worst assumption a sender of a message can make is that the message will be received as intended. So many things can go wrong during the communications process that we should always assume that something will go wrong and take steps to prevent that occurrence. Barriers to good communications are always present. For instance, the language itself can be a barrier—unclear wording, slang, jargon, the tone. Another barrier is the failure of the sender to realize that his or her body language might contradict the spoken message. The channel used to convey the message might be wrong. For instance, you would not use the telephone to relay a lot of statistical information; you would need to write that message on paper. Poor listening skills can constitute a barrier also (Alexander, 1984). LESSON 1: NATURE, DEFINITION AND COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION TH INKING CAP ON What do these quotes mean in relation to communication? ―If all my talents and powers to be taken from me by some inscrutable Providence and I had my choice of keeping but one, I would unhesitatingly ask that I be allowed to keep my power of speech for through it, I would regain the rest.‖- Daniel Webster My answer: ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 23  ―To speak and to speak well are two different things‖- Ben Johnson My answer: ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ―We listen a book a day, we speak a book a week, read the equivalent of a book a month, and write the equivalent of a book a year‖- Walter Loban My answer: ______________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ LET’S TAKE A LOOK We are social beings and such; we feel an intense need to express our thoughts, feelings and aspirations, doubts, questions, and fears. Equally intense is our need to be listened to. These needs - to express and to be listened to – are basic or innate in all of us. But as Ben Johnson, the English poet, has said, the ability to speak and the ability to speak well are two different things. Speaking well is comparable to any skill in the sense that it can be developed and enhanced. All that you have to do is expose yourself to various speaking situations. Listen well and study how effective speakers express themselves. ―Learn from their strengths and practice whenever opportunities arise.‖ ―Practice makes perfect‖ ―If it is to be, it is up to me.‖ As much as 75% of the average person‘s day is spent communicating. Those in technical jobs are estimated to spend between 50% and 90% of their work day engaged in communication process DE FINITIONS OF COMMUNICATION 1. Communication is a process by which we assign and convey meaning in an attempt to create shared understanding.  This process requires a vast repertoire of skills: 24   Intrapersonal and  Speaking interpersonal  Questioning processing  Analyzing  Listening  Evaluating  Observing 2. It can be seen as processes of information transmission governed by three levels of semiotic rules:  Syntactic  Pragmatic  Semantic 3. It is therefore a social interaction where at least two interacting agents share a common set of signs and a common set of semiotic rules. 4. The Oxford Advanced Learner‘s Dictionary defines communication, as the act of passing news, information…, the act of sharing or exchanging thoughts, ideas, feelings with others or with a group; the act of participating with or sharing in common, the ―we-belong-to-same-feeling‖ as in communication with… or the act of thinking about oneself. 5. Communication is derived from the Latin word ‗communis,‘which means, ―Belonging to many‖ or ―equally‖ and ―communico‖ – to confer with others. It is the mutual exchange of information, ideas, and understanding by any effective means (Ballesterros, 2003). 6. Communication refers to the process of human beings responding to the symbolic behavior of other persons (Adler and Rodman, 1997).  COMMUNICATION IS HUMAN.  COMMUNICATION IS A PROCESS.  COMMUNICATION IS SYMBOLIC. 7. The communication done by animals is relatively different from humans. The manner by which we communicate or use different gestures, facial expression, etc. to communicate is different from the dance that is done by bees to instruct their hive-mates on the location of food or the chimpanzees that have been taught to express themselves using sign language like deaf humans. 8. We often talk about communication as if it occurred in discrete, individual acts. In fact communication is a continuous, ongoing process. Consider, for example, a friend‘s compliment about your appearance. Your interpretation of those words will depend on a long series of experiences stretching far back in time: how have others judged your appearance? How do you feel about your 25  looks? How honest has your friend been in the past? How have you been feeling about one another recently? All of this history will help shape your response to the other person‘s remark. In turn, the words you speak and the way you say them will shape the way your friend behaves toward you and others- both in this situation and in the future.  This example shows that it‘s inaccurate to talk about ―acts‖ of communication as if they occurred in isolation. To put it differently, communication isn‘t a series of incidents pasted together like photographs in a scrapbook; instead, it is more like a motion picture in which the meaning comes from the unfolding of an interrelated series of images. The fact that communication is a process is reflected in the transactional model. 9. Symbols are used to represent things, processes, ideas, or events in ways that make communication possible. The most significant feature of symbols is their arbitrary nature. For example, there‘s no logical reason why the letters in book should stand for the object you‘re reading in class. Speakers of Spanish call it a libro, and Germans label it a Buch. Even in English, another term would work just as well as long as everyone agreed to use it in the same way. We overcome the arbitrary nature of symbols by linguistic rules and customs. Effective communication depends on agreement among people about these rules. This is easiest to see when we observe people who don‘t follow linguistic conventions. For example, recall how unusual the speech of children and immigrant speakers of a language sounds. 10. In addition to this, nonverbal communication can have symbolic meaning. As with words, some nonverbal behaviors, though arbitrary, have clearly agreed- upon meanings. For example, to most North Americans placement of a thumb and first finger together while facing the palm of the hand outward stands for the idea of something being ―OK.‖ But even more than words, many nonverbal behaviors are ambiguous. Does a frown signify anger or unhappiness? Does a hug stand for a friendly greeting or a symbol of the hugger‘s romantic interest in you? One can‘t always be sure (Adler and Rodman, 1997). Other Concepts of Communication 1. Allen Louis – Communication is the sum of all things (telling, listening and understanding). It is a systematic activity under any given circumstances. 2. Henry Kuntz – Communication is the transferring of information from one person to another whether or not he/she elicits that confidence. 3. George Terry – Communication is the exchange of ideals, feelings, and emotions between two or more persons. 26  4. Keith Davis – The purpose of passing information and understanding between two persons… without the bridge of communication no one can cross the river of understanding. Types of Communication according to Mode A message may be impart through these types; verbal-non-verbal and visual. While communication is often thought of as verbal, the non-verbal mode is equally essential as it enhances one‗s message. A. VERBAL COMMUNICATION (Linguistics) The process of sending and receiving messages with words, including writing and sign language. It refers to the form of communication in which message is transmitted verbally. Communication is done by word of mouth and a piece of writing. VERBAL COMMUNICATION: ORAL  Spoken words are used  It includes face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet.  Communication is influenced by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking. Verbal Communication: Oral- Advantages  It brings quick feedback.  In a face-to-face conversation, by reading facial expression and body language one can guess whether he/she should trust what‘s being said or not.  It saves time in communication.  It is quick in obtaining feedback once delivered.  It provides complete understanding of communication delivered and there is chance to make it clearer in case of doubts in interpretation of words or ideas.  It is more reliable method of communication.  It is flexible and effective for all.  It is powerful means of persuasion and control.  It is cheaper way of communication and hence saves money. Verbal Communication: Oral- Disadvantages  It has issues when communicating with distant people.  It is difficult for certain people to understand speech due to various speech tones used in verbal communication.  This form of communication is not suitable for lengthy message. 27   There is chance of leak of secret information with the help of modern devices such as polygraph or lie detector. Often secret information can be obtained while the person is under the influence of alcohol. VERBAL COMMUNICATION: WRITTEN  In written communication, written signs or symbols are used to communicate.  In written communication message can be transmitted via email, letter, report, memo etc.  Written communication is most common form of communication being used in business. Verbal Communication: Written- Advantages  Messages can be edited and revised  Written communication provide record and backup.  A written communication enables receiver to fully understand it and send appropriate feedback  Easy to preserve: The documents of written communication are easy to preserve. Oral and non-verbal communication cannot be preserved. If it is needed, important information can be collected from the preserved documents.  Easy presentation of complex matter: Written communication is the best way to represent any complex matter easily and attractively.  Permanent record: The documents of written communication act as a permanent record. When it is needed, important information can be easily collected from the preserved documents.  Prevention of wastage of time and money: Written communication prevents the waste of money and time. Without meeting with each other the communicator and communicate can exchange their views.  Accurate presentation: Through the documents of the written communication top executive can present the information more accurately and clearly. As it is a legal document everybody takes much care does draft it.  Use as a reference: If it is needed, written communication can be used as future reference.  Delegation of authority: Written communication can help the authority to delegate the power and authority to the subordinate. It is quite impossible to delegate power without a written document.  Longevity: Written document can be preserved for a long time easily. That is why; all the important issues of an organization should be back and white.  Effective communication: Written communication helps to make communication effective. It is more dependable and effective than those of other forms of communication. 28   Maintaining image: Written communication helps to maintain the images of both the p