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 6th Edition (Solved GATE Questions 1991-2020)  B. K. Das GATE Architecture/ Planning (6 ed.) Review of GATE Questions © B. K. Das 6th edition, 2020 ISBN: 978-93-5406...

 6th Edition (Solved GATE Questions 1991-2020)  B. K. Das GATE Architecture/ Planning (6 ed.) Review of GATE Questions © B. K. Das 6th edition, 2020 ISBN: 978-93-5406-410-4 e mail: [email protected] facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1143797872301025/ Rs 1,200/- (Rupees One Thousand Two Hundred only) Available through popular online stores. Photocopying or unauthorized distribution is prohibited. Allowed for distribution to StoneHenge GATE Architecture Coaching at New Delhi, Hyderabad, Nagpur, Kolkata and Lucknow. Printed at Maa Laxmi Printers, Nayatola, Patna Published by KUSH BROTHERS Patna The author expresses his sincere thanks to Students of Arch/Planning institutes all over India, who helped in compilation of this study material, and pointing out the error from time to time.  Contents GLOSSARY GATE 1991 GATE 1992 GATE 1994 GATE 1995 GATE 1996 GATE 1997 GATE 1998 GATE 1999 GATE 2000 GATE 2001 GATE 2002 GATE 2003 GATE 2004 GATE 2005 GATE 2006 GATE 2009 GATE 2007 GATE 2008 GATE 2010 GATE 2011 GATE 2012 GATE 2013 GATE 2014 GATE 2015 GATE 2016 GATE 2017 GATE 2018 GATE 2019 GATE 2020  GLOSSARY Books and Authors No Author Book 1. Adolf Loos Ornamentation and Crime 2. Alvin Toffler Future Shock 3. Allan Dobby Conservation and Planning 4. Alvar Alto An Experimental Town 5. Alvar Alto The humanizing of Architecture Amos 6. Rapoport Human Aspects of Urban Form Amos 7. Rapoport House form and Culture Andrea 8. Palladio Four Books of Architecture 9. Ayan Rand Fountainhead Leonardo da 10. Vinci Codex Atlanticus 11. Brian Hackett Planting Design 12. Brian Hackett Landscape planning 13. Brian Hackett Man Society and Environment 14. Bruno Zevi Towards an Organic Architecture Buckminster 15. Fuller The Dimaxian World 16. Burgees The City 17. C P Kukreja Tropical Architecture Cecil Maurice 18. Bowra Golden Ages of Great Cities Charles 19. Abraham The future of Housing (GATE 1991) Charles 20. Correa The New Landscape 21. Charles Correa Urbanisation in the third world Language of Post- Modern Architecture 22. Charles Jenks (GATE 1991) Christopher 23. Alexander Pattern Language Christopher 24. Alexander Synthesis of Form Christopher 25. Alexander Oregon Experiment Christopher 26. Alexander Community and Privacy Christopher The city as a mechanism for sustaining 27. Alexander Human contact Christopher 28. Alexander Pattern of streets Christopher 29. Tunnard Gardens in Modern Landscape  No Author Book Clarence 30. Stein Towards new Towns in America 31. Devid Lewis Urban Structure 32. Doxiadis Ekistics 33. Doxiadis Dynapolis Urban Renewal and The Future of 34. Doxiadis Urban Cities 35. E. Saarinen City- its growth its decay its future Ebenezer Tomorrow a Peaceful Path to Social 36. Howard Reform Edmund N. 37. Bacon Design of Cities 38. F. A Gutkind Our World from Air 39. F A Gutkind Revolution in Environment 40. F L Wright Writings and Buildings 41. F L Wright Disappearing City 42. F L Wright The living city 43. Faber Birren New Horizon in Color Francis D. K. 44. Ching Architecture: Form, Space & Order Francis D. K. 45. Ching Architectural Graphics Francis D. K. 46. Ching A Visual Dictionary of Architecture Fredric 47. Gibberd Town Design 48. Felix Candela Structural digressions on style 49. Felix Candela Simple concrete shell structure 50. Felix Candela New ways to span space 51. Gallion Fisher Urban Pattern 52. G A Atkinson Introduction to tropical Building design 53. Geoffrey Scott The Architecture of Humanism George F 54. Chadwick The park in the town Gorden 55. Cullen Townscape 56. Garret Eckbo Landscape living 57. Garret Eckbo Urban Landscape design 58. Guy Gruer Your City Tomorrow Harold Van 59. Dorsen Industrial Design H V 60. Lanchaster The art of town planning 61. Hasan Fathy Mud Architecture Hubbard and Introduction to study of Landscape 62. Kimball design 63. Ian Macharg Design with Nature 64. Jean Gottman Megalopolis 65. John Marshall Mohenjo-Daro and Indus civilization  No Author Book 66. John O Simon Earthscape The Seven Lamps of Architecture 67. John Ruskin (GATE 1991) Kenneth Meaning of 20th century the great 68. Boulding transition Environment Technology in 69. Kenzeyz Sharp Architecture 70. Kenzeyz Sharp Acoustics in buildings 71. Kevin Lynch Image of City 72. Kevin Lynch Site Planning 73. Kevin Lynch City Form 74. Kevin Lynch What time is this place Principles and Practice of Town and 75. Lewis Keeble Country Planning L 76. Hilbersheimer The New city 77. Le Corbusier The Radiant City 78. Le Corbusier The Modular 79. Le Corbusier Concerning Town Planning 80. Le Corbusier The City of Tomorrow and its Planning 81. Le Corbusier New World of Space 82. Le Corbusier Towards New Architecture Lewis 83. Mumford The city in History Lewis 84. Mumford Culture of cities 85. Lewis Mumford The Brown Decades 86. Lewis Mumford The city development 87. Lewis Mumford Condition of man 88. Lewis Mumford Techniques and civilization Lewis Mumford The city in History, its origin, its 89. transformation and its prospects 90. Lewis Mumford Pattern of streets Lewis 91. Mumford The story of Utopians 92. Lloyd Rodwin Future of Metropolis 93. Mahony - Nagy Vision in Motion 94. Mahony - Nagy Matrix of man Aesthetics of Proportion in Nature and 95. Matila Ghyka in the Arts 96. Met Scott Cities are for people Margaret An Introduction to Town Planning 97. Roberts Technique Nicholas 98. Negnoponte The Architecture Machine Nicholas 99. Pevsner The Indian Metropolis Norberg Meaning in Western Architecture 100. Schulz (GATE 1991)  No Author Book Norman 101. Evenson A history of Building type Oscar 102. Newman Defensible space (GATE 1991) 103. Paul Heyer Architects on Architecture Arcology- the city in the image of 104. Paolo Soleri man Patrick 105. Abercrombie Town and Country Planning 106. Patric Geddes Cities in Evolution Paul D. The Architecture of Towns and 107. Spreiregen Cities 108. Pawley Architecture versus housing Peter Geoffrey 109. Hall Cities of Tomorrow 110. Peter Wolf The future of the city R Buckminister 111. Fuller The Dimaxion World 112. R Scott Design Fundamentals Richard N 113. Wagner Environment and Man Raymond 114. Unwin Nothing gained by overcrowding Reyner Theory and Design in the first machine 115. Banham age Richard 116. Neutra Survival through Design 117. Robert Ardray The territorial Imperative Robert Gillam 118. Scott Design Fundamentals Robert Moore 119. Fisher Twenty Years of Public Housing Robert 120. Sommer Personal space Robert Complexity and Contradiction in 121. Venturi Architecture Robert 122. Venturi Learning from Las Vegas 123. Robin Boyd Victorian Modern 124. Robin Boyd New Dimensions in Japan Architecture Rose 125. Roseman The ideal city 126. S Geidon Space, time and Architecture 127. S Geidon Works of Joseph Paxton 128. Stuart Chapin Urban Landuse Planning 129. Sylvia Crowe The Landscape of Roads 130. Sylvia Crowe Garden Design 131. Talbot Hamlin Architecture through the Ages  No Author Book Thomas 132. Adams Outline of Town and Country Planning Thomas D 133. Church Gardens are for people Thomas D 134. Church Your Private World 135. Tunnard The city of man 136. Victor Gruen The Emerging Urban Pattern 137. Victor Olgay Design with Climate 138. Victor Papanoc Design for real world 139. W D Teagni Design this Day 140. W Kennet Preservation W Kohler/ Kurt 141. Koffle Gestalt Psychology 142. Wilfred own The accessible city Yoshinobu 143. Ashihara Exterior Design in Architecture  1. Astropolis – star-scaled city/industry area; complex space station. 2. Aerotropolis- settlement around a major airport 3. Acropolis- Citadel located close to Athens, Greece and has ruins of Parthenon, stoa. 4. Artisanopolis- Settlement over sea. 5. Cosmopolis – a large urban centre with a population of many different cultural backgrounds 6. Decapolis – a group of ten cities 7. Dodecapolis – a group of twelve cities. 8. Dynapolis- Islamabad, new capital of Pakistan, was designed by Coastantinos. Doxiadis (1913-75), a famous Greek planner, in 1960 on the basis of his theory of dynapolis. 9. Ecumenopolis – a city that covers an entire planet, usually seen in science fiction.(50,000 million Population as estimated by Doxiadis) 10. Eopolis - the period of village (GATE 1997 ) 11. Megalopois- built by merging several cities and their suburbs (Coined by Patric Geddes) 12. Metropolis- city with population of 40 lacs and above in India 13. Necropolis- city of dead (graveyard) (GATE 1999) 14. Pentapolis – a group of five cities 15. Technopolis- a city with high-tech industry. (GATE 2004) City Forms 1. Star Shaped City- Moscow, Washington D.C. 2. Linear City- Mumbai, Leningrad, Kolkata, Stalingrad 3. Ring form- Delhi, San Francisco 4. Sheet form- Tokyo 5. Poly Centred net- Detroit 6. Finger Plan- Copenhagen Diagrams Charts and Nomograms Hazen William Nomogram- physical property of pipe and pressure drop. Psychrometric chart- RH using WBT and DBT Ringlemann chart- smoke level Sun Path diagram- Altitude and Azimuth of Sun Waldram diagram- sky factor Mahoney table- guide to climate appropriate design. Ancient India (measurement) Angul: width of one finger. Pada: 8 angula Hasta: 24 angula Danda: 4 hasta Cubit: distance from elbow to tip of middle finger. (equivalent to 45.72 cm) Dhanurmusti: 26 angulas make one dhanurmusti (to measure buildings) Dhanurgraha: 27 angulas make one dhanurgraha (to measure village and town) Temple styles and their geographical extents (overlaps existed) 1. Nagara style: Mount Kailash to Vindhayas 2. Visera style: Vindhayas to River Krishna (hybrid of Nagara and Dravidian) 3. Dravidian style: River Krishna to Kanya Kumari. Famous Sayings 1. Form follows Function- Louis Sullivan 2. Form Follows Sun- Raj Rewal 3. Less is more- Ludwig Meis van der Rohe 4. God is in Details- Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 5. Less is bore- Robert Venturi 6. Small is beautiful- E. F. Schumacher 7. Ornamentation and crime- Adolf Loos  AR Architecture and Planning SYLLABUS Section 1: Architecture and Design Visual composition in 2D and 3D; Principles of Art and Architecture; Organization of space; Architectural Graphics; Computer Graphics– concepts of CAD, BIM, 3D modeling and Architectural rendition; Programming languages and automation. Anthropometrics; Planning and design considerations for different building types; Site planning; Circulation- horizontal and vertical; Barrier free design; Space Standards; Building Codes; National Building Code. Elements, construction, architectural styles and examples of different periods of Indian and Western History of Architecture; Oriental, Vernacular and Traditional architecture; Architectural developments since Industrial Revolution; Influence of modern art on architecture; Art nouveau, Eclecticism, International styles, Post Modernism, Deconstruction in architecture; Recent trends in Contemporary Architecture; Works of renowned national and international architects. Section 2: Building Materials, Construction and Management Behavioral characteristics and applications of different building materials viz. mud, timber, bamboo, brick, concrete, steel, glass, FRP, AAC, different polymers, composites. Building construction techniques, methods and details; Building systems and prefabrication of building elements; Principles of Modular Coordination; Estimation, specification, valuation, professional practice; Construction planning and equipments; Project management techniques e.g. PERT, CPM etc. Section 3: Building and Structures Principles of strength of materials; Design of structural elements in wood, steel and RCC; Elastic and Limit State design; Structural systems in RCC and Steel; Form and Structure; Principles of Pre-stressing; High Rise and Long Span structures, gravity and lateral load resisting systems; Principles and design of disaster resistant structures. Section 4: Environmental Planning and Design Ecosystem- natural and man-made ecosystem; Ecological principles; Concepts of Environmental Impact Analysis; Environmental considerations in planning and design; Thermal comfort, ventilation and air movement; Principles of lighting and illumination; Climate responsive design; Solar architecture; Principles of architectural acoustics; Green Building- Concepts and Rating; ECBC; Building Performance Simulation and Evaluation; Environmental pollution- types, causes, controls and abatement strategies. Section 5: Urban Design Concepts and theories of urban design; Public Perception; Townscape; Public Realm; Urban design interventions for sustainable development and transportation; Historical and modern examples of urban design; Public spaces, character, spatial qualities and Sense of Place; Elements of urban built environment – urban form, spaces, structure, pattern, fabric, texture, grain etc; Principles, tools and techniques of urban design; Urban renewal and conservation; Site planning; Landscape design; Development controls – FAR, densities and building byelaws. Section 6: Urban Planning and Housing Planning process; Types of plans - Master Plan, City Development Plan, Structure Plan, Zonal Plan, Action Area Plan, Town Planning Scheme, Regional Plan; Salient concepts, theories and principles of urban planning; Sustainable urban development; Emerging concepts of cities - Eco-City, Smart City, Transit Oriented Development (TOD), SEZ, SRZ etc. Housing; Concepts, principles and examples of neighbourhood; Housing typologies; Slums; Affordable Housing; Housing for special areas and needs; Residential densities; Standards for housing and community facilities; National Housing Policies, Programs and Schemes. Section 7: Planning Techniques and Management Tools and techniques of Surveys – Physical, Topographical, Landuse and Socio- economic Surveys; Methods of non-spatial and spatial data analysis; Graphic presentation of spatial data; Application of G.I.S and Remote Sensing techniques in urban and regional planning; Decision support system and Land Information System. Urban Economics; Law of demand and supply of land and its use in planning; Social, Economical and environmental cost benefit analysis; Techniques of financial appraisal; Management of Infrastructure Projects; Development guidelines such as URDPFI; Planning Legislation and implementation – Land Acquisition Act, PPP etc.; Local self-governance. Section 8: Services, Infrastructure and Transportation Building Services: Water supply; Sewerage and drainage systems; Sanitary fittings and fixtures; Plumbing systems; Principles of internal and external drainage system; Principles of electrification of buildings; Intelligent Buildings; Elevators and Escalators - standards and uses; Air-Conditioning systems; Firefighting Systems; Building Safety and Security systems. Urban Infrastructure – Transportation, Water Supply, Sewerage, Drainage, Solid Waste Management, Electricity and Communications. Process and Principles of Transportation Planning and Traffic Engineering; Road capacity; Traffic survey methods; Traffic flow characteristics; Traffic analyses and design considerations; Travel demand forecasting; Land-use – transportation - urban form inter-relationships; Design of roads, intersections, grade separators and parking areas; Hierarchy of roads and level of service; Traffic and transport management and control in urban areas,; Mass transportation planning; Para- transits and other modes of transportation, Pedestrian and slow moving traffic planning; Intelligent Transportation Systems. Principles of water supply and sanitation systems; water treatment; Water supply and distribution system; Water harvesting systems; Principles, Planning and Design of storm water drainage system; Sewage disposal methods; Methods of solid waste management - collection, transportation and disposal; Recycling and Reuse of solid waste; Power Supply and Communication Systems, network, design and guidelines.  GATE 1991 Q.1 (i) Ratio ‘Golden Mean’ is: (A) 1: 2.216 (B) 1: 1.618 (C) 1: 1.50 (D) 1: 1.44 Answer: (B) 1: 1.618 = Let the ratio be x: 1 then putting a=x and b=1 = by cross multiplication we get = x+1 (this equation is quadratic and we solve for x) -x-1= 0 we use the formula where a= 1, b= -1 and c= -1 Ignoring negative value we get x= 1.618 Fibonocci series : 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55………. Division of ‘n’th term with (n-1)th term in Fibonnoci series = golden ratio; for ‘n’ a higher value we see that = 1.617 (ii)‘Mihrab’ is found (A) on the west wall of a mosque (B) inside wall of a masoleum (C) in the stepped well of Gujarat (D) on the crown of minaret Answer: (A) on the west wall of a mosque Mihrab is a semicircular niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the qibla; that is, the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca and hence the direction that Muslims should face when praying. The wall in which a mihrab appears is thus the "qibla wall". In India it is found in west wall, as Mecca/Medina is in west of India. ) Which one falls under Indo-Sarasanic architecture? (A) Qutab Minar (B) Taj Mahal (C) Sher Shah’s tomb (D) Bahai Temple Answer: No appropriate answer  Indo-Saracenic building in India, incorporate elements and motifs of Hindu and Islamic Architecure. It was introduced by British Architect and used in Public buildings of all sorts such as railway stations, banks and insurance buildings, educational institutions, clubs and museums. Chepauk Palace in Chennai designed by Paul Benfield is said to be the first example of Indo- Saracenic Architecture. The Central Railway Station, Law courts, Victoria Public Hall, Museum and University Senate House in Chennai Muir college at Allahabad Napier Museum at Thiruvananthapuram Post Office, Prince of Wales Museum, University Hall and Library, Gateway of India in Mumbai M.S. University, Lakshmi Vilas Palace at Baroda, Palaces at Mysore and Bangalore. New Delhi Secretariat, North and South Block, Rashtrapati Bhawan, New Delhi. ) Which of the following is not a function of a good mulch: (A) Aid in water retention (B) Prevent soil temperature fluctuations (C) Encourage weed growth (D) Improve landscape appearance Answer: (C) Encourage weed growth A mulch is a layer of material applied to the surface of soil. Reasons for applying mulch include conservation of soil moisture, improving fertility and health of the soil, reducing weed growth enhancing the visual appeal of the area. (v)Byzantine architecture is famous for: (A) Stone carving (B) Pointed arches (C) Fluted columns (D) New type dome construction Answer: (D) New type dome construction Dome have openings at springing level. Hagia Sophia (Istanbul, Turkey) is the most important Byzantine Architecture. (vi)‘Gopuram’ refers to (A) Temple (B) Gateway (C) Village (D) Brick dome  Answer: (B) Gateway A Gopuram is a monumental tower, at the entrance of any temple, especially in Southern India. Tallest Gopuram in India- Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple (Srirangam, Tiruchirappalli) –UNESCO World Heritage site. Srirangam is a river island town on Kaveri river. Srirangam- town planning Sarvatobhadra (vii) Most efficient arch in transferring load: (A) Semi circular (B) Flat (C) Pointed (D) Catenary Answer: (D) Catenary In geometry, a catenary is the curve that an idealized hanging chain or cable assumes under its own weight when supported only at its ends. The catenary curve has a U-like shape, superficially similar in appearance to a parabolic arch, but it is not a parabola. (viii) Dimension of Corbusier’s modular human scale are in: (A) Arithmetic progression (B) Geometric progression (C) Unrelated natural order (D) None of the above Answer: (C) Unrelated natural order Le Corbusier described it as a "range of harmonious measurements to suit the human scale, universally applicable to architecture and to mechanical things". (ix) Find odd one out of the following: (A) T-trap (B) Q- trap (C) S- trap (D) P- trap Answer: (A) T-trap (x)pH value of treated domestic water supply should be between : (A) 4.0 – 5.5 (B) 5.5 – 6.5 (C) 6.5 – 8.0 (D) 8.0 – 9.5 Answer: (C) 6.5 – 8.0 xi) PERT is (A) Node oriented(B) Cost oriented (C) Activity oriented (D) Event oriented Answer: (D) Event oriented CPM uses activity oriented while PERT uses event oriented network. xii)Gypsum is added in cement manufacture for the property of: (A) Increasing the binding capcity (B) Retarding the setting time (C) Reducing heat of hydration (D) Increasing strength Answer: (B) Retarding the setting time Superplasticizers- Increase flowability of concrete, reduce water cement ratio. Functions of admixtures to modify fresh concrete properties:  To increase workability without increasing water content or to decrease the water content at the same workability. To retard or accelerate both initial and final setting times. To reduce or prevent settlement. To create slight expansion in concrete and mortar. To modify the rate or capacity for bleeding or both. To reduce segregation of concrete, mortars and grouts. To improve penetration and or pumpability of concrete, mortars and grouts. To reduce rate of slump loss. Functions of admixtures to modify hardened concrete properties: To retard or reduce heat generation during early hardening. To accelerate the rate of strength development. No Type of Desired effect Material admixture 1 Accelerator Accelerate setting Calcium chloride, and early-strength Triethanolamine, sodium development thiocyanate, calcium formate, calcium nitrite, calcium nitrate 2 Corrosion Reduce steel Calcium nitrite, sodium inhibitors corrosion activity in nitrite, sodium benzoate, a chloride-laden certain environment phosphates or fluosilicates, fluoaluminates, ester amines 3 Damp- Retard moisture Soaps of calcium or proofing penetration into dry ammonium stearate or oleate admixtures concrete Butyl stearate Petroleum products 4 Retarders Slow the setting Gypsum process of cement (xiii)Critical path in CPM connects the initial and end events and: (A) consists of events all having zero or minimum slack times (B) consists of events all having maximum slack times (C) consists of events without dummy events (D) none of the above Answer: (A) consists of events all having zero or minimum slack times (with input from Anindita Dey, SPA Bhopal,2013-15) (xiv) Maximum distance for discerning facial expression in a theatre: (A) 12.5 m (B) 18.0 m (C) 22.5 m (D) 30.0 m Answer: (A) 12.5 m Solution provided by Surabhi Jethani, B. Arch (MITS Gwalior) Maximum distance for seeing people= 4000 ft (1200 m) Maximum distance for discerning action= 450 ft (137 m) Maximum distance for recognizing a face= 80 ft (24 m) Maximum distance for discerning facial expression= 40 ft (12m ) Range of conversational distance= 10 ft (3 m) (source: The Architecture of Town and Cities, Paul D. Spreiregen) (xv) Outer layer of timber log is (A) Heart wood (B) Strong wood (C) Sap wood (D) Knot wood Answer: (C) Sap wood (xvi) Sun temple of Konark predominantly built with (A) Basalt stone (B) Soap stone (C) Sand stone (D) Granite stone Answer: (C) Sand stone Sun Temple Konark-Chlorite was used in door frame, Laterite was used in foundation, staircase and centre of the platform and Khondalite stone (Red sandstone) was used elsewhere. Khajuraho Temples- Sandstone Brihadeshwara, Tanjavur- Granite Mughal mostly utilized sandstone, with the exception of marble in Taj Mahal. (xvii) Average power output (in microwatt) of human speech in ordinary conversation is: (A) 2.5 (B) 4.8 (C) 6.2 (D) 10.0 Answer: (D) 10.0 Ordinary conversation is at 65 dB at a distance of 0.5 m. Finding out the intensity of sound wave at a distance of 0.5 m dB= 10 log10( 65= 10 log10( solving this we get I= 10 watt/m -5.5 2 Power at the source = Intensity × 4π(d)2 = 10-5.5 ×4×3.14×(0.5)2 = 3.14 × Watt (Now the ans. is in microwatt, so the power should come in Here we do a bit of mathematics !  we multiply and divide 3.14 by = ×( = 3.14 × ×( watt = 3.14 × ×( watt = 3.14 × 3.16 × ( watt = 9.92 × watt Intensity of Various Sounds Source of the Sound Level (dB) Intensity (Watt/m²) sound Jet Plane at 30 m 140 100 Treshold of pain 120 1 Loud rock concert 120 1 Siren at 30 m 100 1× Busy street traffic 80 1× Noisy restaurent 70 1× Talk, at 50 cm 65 3× Quiet Radio 40 1× Whisper 30 1× Rustle of leaves 10 1× Threshold of 0 hearing 1× (xviii) Principal determinants of a residential neighbourhood size is based on: (A) Landuse composition (B) Availability of vacant land (C) Education facility (D) Residential density Answer: (C) Education facility School within a radius of half km.The concept of the neighborhood unit, was propogated by Clarence Perry, is an early diagrammatic planning model for residential development in metropolitan areas (1929). (xix) Minimum height of habitable room as prescribed in NBC : (A) 1.85 m (B) 2.75 m(C) 3.0 m (D) 3.2 m Answer: (B) 2.75 m (as per earlier code of NBC 1983), Now it is 2.6 m (NBC 2016) Modifications as per NBC 2016 C-3.3.1 Habitable Room Every dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms. Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future. However, in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible, the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 12.5 m². Such one room dwelling units with 12.5 m² carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on-site rehabilitation of slum dwellers. In a house of two rooms, first room shall not be less than 9.0 m² with minimum width of 2.5 m and second room shall not be less than 6.5 m² with a minimum width of 2.1 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 15.5 m². In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room. C-3.5 Minimum Height The minimum height of rooms/spaces shall be as follows: a) Habitable room : 2.6 m b) Kitchen : 2.6 m c) Bath/water-closet : 2.1 m d) Corridor : 2.1 m source: NBC (2016) –Vol 1. page 138 (xx) Desirable housing layout of buildings from acoustic point of view is : (A) Courtyard type (B) Stilted multistoried flats (C) Open type single or semidetached houses (D) none of the above. Answer: (C) Open type single or semidetached houses Q.2 Match the following: Q. 2 (i) (a)The city in history (A) Patrick Geddes (g) (b) Life and death of great American cities (B) Norberg Schulz (j) (c)The Modular (C) John Ruskin (e) (d) The Future of Housing (D) Charles Abraham (d) (e)Seven Lamps of Architecture (E) Oscar Newman (h) (f) Language of Post –Modern Architecture (F) Lewis Mumford (a) (g) Cities in Evolution (G) Jean Jacob (b) (h) Defensible Space (H) Le Corbusier (c) (i) The New Landscape (I) Charles Jenka (f) (j) Meaning in Western Architecture (J) Charles Correa (i) (ii)(a) Crystal Palace (A) Le Corbusier (c) (b) Johnson Wax factory (B) Joseph Paxton (a) (c)Shoden Villa (C) B. V. Doshi (i) (d) German Pavillion, Barcelona (D) Mies Van der Rohe (d) (e)Pompidou Centre Paris (E) Frank Lloyd Wright (b) (f) TWA Terminal, Kennedy Airport (F) Charles Correa (g) (g) Kanchanjunga Apartment, Bombay (G) Eero Saarinen (f) (h) National Institute of Bank Management, Pune (H) A.P. Kanvinde (h) (i) I. I. M. Bangalore (I) Sarat Das (j) (j) Indira Gandhi Sports Complex, Indraprastha (J) R. Rogers and Renzo Piano (e) iii)(a) Grid Iron Pattern (A) Kautilya (e) (b) Vastu Shastra (B) Hippodamus (a) (c)Satellite Town (C) E. Howard (d) (d) Garden City (D) Raymond Unwin (c)  (e)Arthasastra (E) Mansara (b) (iv)(a) Chandigarh (A) C.A. Doxiadis (d) (b) New Delhi (B) Otto Koenigsberger (e) (c)Gandhi Nagar (C) Mewada (c) (d) Islamabad (D) Le Corbusier (a) (e)Bhubaneswar (E) Edwin Lutyen (b) (v) (a)Munsell Atlas (A) Gothic (e) (b) Low air speed (B) Landscape (c) (c)Kinaesthetia (C) Colour (a) (d) Jantar Mantar (D) Raja Jai Singh (d) (e)Flying Buttress (E) Kata Thermometer (b) (f) Hypostyle Hall (F) Egyptian (f) (g) Humidity (G) Heliometer (h) (h) Solar radiation (H) Microbar (i) (i) Sound Pressure (I) Hygrograph (g) j) Patina (J) Corrosion (j) Q.3 Indicate the following statement as TRUE or FALSE. (i) Over compaction of concrete is bad as it causes disintegration. TRUE (ii) Zero hardness water is unsuitable for distribution because it is likely to be corrosive. TRUE (iii) “Mulguf” is a ventilating device used first by the Romans. FALSE (iv) Aerobic bacteria require oxygen for their existence and they thrive in the presence of light.TRUE (v) Laurie Baker is famous for slum upgradation scheme in India. FALSE Q.4 Fill in the blanks: (a) The purpose of vibration is to expel voids and air bubbles in the concrete mass entrapped during mixing. (b) In a computer system printer is an external device. (c) Floppy diskette is an external storage device. (d) In a post-tensioned beams, the tendons are not initially embedded to the concrete. (e) Amoeba is an organism associated with the biological treatment of waste water. (f) Sun light facilitates stack effect by warming the air and causing gentle convection current. (g) Bhilai is an example of Steel Town. (h) New Delhi is an example of Capital Town. (i) Notre-Dame is an example of Gothic architecture. (j) Ratio of built up area to plot area is defined as FAR Q.5 What do the following abbreviations stand for: (a) INTACH : Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (b) N.B.O: National Building Organization (c) E.W.S: Economically Weaker Section (d) T.C.P.O: Town and Country Planning Organization (e) FORTRAN: Formula Translation Q.6 Distinguish between: (i) Urban and Rural (ii) Renewal and Redevelopment  (iii) Intimate scale and Monumental scale (iv) Forum and Agora (v) Loop street and cul-de-sac (vi) P.C.C and R.C.C (vii) Micro climate air and Macro climate air (viii) Harmony and contrast in colour (ix) Walk up and high rise apartments (x) In-situ and Pre-cast concrete. Q.7 Answer the following briefly: (i) Indicate the factor that you would consider regarding the terrain for suitability of a site. (ii) Write the names according to hierarchy of streets and roads in an urban area. Neighbouhood Road→ Collector/Distributor Road→ Sub Arterial Road→ Arterial Road (iii) Highlight the major considerations for the preparation of land sub-division plan in an urban area. (iv) Discuss the meaning and concept of a development plan. Development plan prepared within the framework of the approved perspective plan is a medium-term (5 years) comprehensive plan of spatio-economic development of the urban centre.These plans could be traffic and transportation plan, tourism development plan, environmental conservation plan, heritage conservation plan, mining sites reclamation plan, coastal area development plan, highway corridor development and such others. (v) Outline the principle aspects for consideration in the development of settlement planning thoughts. (vi) What is meant by Day Light Factor? Name the components required for estimation of Daylight Factor. DF component = SC + ERC + IRC SC – Sky Component ERC – Externally Reflected Component IRC – Internally Reflected Component (vii) Briefly describe the importance of chlorination in water treatment. Water chlorination is the process of adding chlorine or chlorine compounds such as sodium hypochlorite to water.... In particular, chlorination is used to prevent the spread of waterborne diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid. (viii) Why Roman dome looks hemispherical inside but saucer shaped from outside? (ix) Outline the role of public participation in urban planning. (x) State special architectural features associated with the following buildings which made them different from one another: (a) Jama Masjid, Gulbarga- No minaret, One main dome.  (b) Jama Masjid, Mandu- no minaret (three domes) (c) Jama Masjid, Ahmedabad- originally two minaret in the front. (fifteen domes) Q.8 Explain the following with sketches:  (i) Ekistics grid (ii) Schematic diagram of four different urban forms. (iii) Difference between symmetric balance and asymmetric balance in visual composition. (iv) A square shape resting on its side looks vertically elongated or horizontally elongated. (v) Given one dimension ‘a’, draw a set of dimensions in Golden Mean Rectangle. Q.9 (a) An urban area with a population of 2,15,000 is having housing stock of 39,000 and average household size of 5.0. The city is expected to have a population of 2,70,000 by 2001 with an average family size of 4.5.  Estimate the housing demand of the city by 2001 assuming there will be depletion of existing housing stock by 3,500 during the period. Soln: Given Population = 2,15,000 Housing stock = 39,000 Avg. Household size= 5.0 From above data, DU needed is = = 43,000 So there is housing backlog of 43,000- 39,000= 4000 DU’s Year 2001 Population = 2,70,000 House hold size = 4.5 DU needed = = = 60,000 DU Available DU in 2001 = 39,000 – 3500 = 35,500 (3500 units depleted due to obsolence) Housing Demand in (2001) 60,000 – 35,500 = 24,500 DU (b) Define the term “Affordable cost” in housing. Definition: Affordable housing refers to housing units that are affordable by that section of society whose income is below the median household income. (c) Distinguish between ‘home’ and ‘housing’. A home has a more psychological impact, compared to physical. A place of residence or refuge. It can be a house, trailer, motor home, apartment or any place that a person is comfortable in residing. A person’s most personal belongings are kept in a home and it is where a person feels safe and accepted. Every house is not a home. House is defined as a building or structure, occupied for habitation by humans. The house can be a stand-alone structure or community with single floor or multiple floors. Q.10 (a) The residential landuse of an urban area accounts for 50 % of the developed land of the city. The vacant undeveloped land is about 30 % of the total urban area, which amounts to 2,400 hectare of land. Estimate the quantum of land put to residential uses and also the overall density of the urban area if the population is of 2,00,000 size. Soln: Residential Area = 50 % Vacant (undeveloped) = 30 % = 2400 ha Let total urban area of land be ‘A’ hectare so that Residentail area = 0.5A and vacant undeveloped land = 0.3A Now 0.3A= 2,400 hectare Therefore A = = 8000 hectare (Total urban area) Residential Use = 50 % of 8000 hectare= 4000 hectare Gross Density = = = 25 person/ hectare Net Density = = = 50 person/ hectare  (b) Illustrate with sketches the ‘Radburn principle’ of housing layout. When Clarence Stein was commissioned in 1929 to design a Masterplan for the Radburn estate in New Jersey he set out to build a ‘garden city for the motor age’. The housing layout used at Radburn was the first to create a pedestrian circulation system that allowed people to walk to the local centre, park and the school without the need to cross a road. It does this by the simple expedient of super blocks 300m by 600m with a series of cul-de-sacs pointing into the centre of each block. These cul-de-sacs provide car access to the front of each home while a separate pedestrian network links to the back gardens via which residents can walk through a central area of open space to local facilities. Q.11 (a) Draw the bending moment and shear force diagram for the following: (b)Sketch the bending moment and shear force diagram (values not required) : Q.12 Explain the following planting techniques: (a) Grafting-  Graftage is a horticultural technique whereby tissues of plants are joined so as to continue their growth together. The upper part of the combined plant is called the scion while the lower part is called the rootstock (b) Layering- The development of roots on a stem while the stem is still attached to the parent plant is called layering. Cutting- A piece of the stem or root of the source plant is placed in a suitable medium such as moist soil. If the conditions are suitable, the plant piece will begin to grow as a new plant independent of the parent, a process known as striking. A stem cutting produces new roots, and a root cutting produces new stems. (c) Transplantation- moving a plant from one location to another. Q.13 Draw the CPM network diagram with the activities as shown below: Sl.No Activity Preceding activity 1 A - 2 B A 3 C A 4 D C 5 E B 6 F E 7 G D Q.14 Find the errors in the following FORTRAN program: READ (5)A, B, C 20FORMAT (3F10.4) D= (A+B) * C/5.0 PRINT *A,B,C END Q.15 Illustrate with sketches the optical correction in Architecture developed by the Greek.  GATE 1992 Q.1 (i) The delay in transfer of thermal energy from outside to inside is called (A) Thermal conductivity (B) Insulation (C) Radiation (D) Thermal lag. Answer :( D) Thermal lag (ii)Flying buttresses were used in (A) Egyptian Architecture (B) Greek Architecture (C) Gothic Architecture (D) None of the above Answer: (C) Gothic Architecture (iii) PERT Analysis is based on: (A) Optimistic time (B) Pessimistic time (C) Most likely time (D) All the above. Answer: (D) All the above. (iv) ‘Ashihara’ refers to (A) Prayer hall (B) Tower above main chamber of God (C) Crown of Minaret (D) Hall of offerings.  Answer: (B) Tower above main chamber of God (also known as Vimana) Wrong Question. It is ‘Shikhara’.(seems it was typing error in original GATE Question) (This Question was corrected by Ipsita Acharya, B. Arch. CET, Bhubaneswar, M Arch SPAD) (v) Guggenheim museum is in: (A) New York (B) Copenhagen (C) London (D) Philadelphia Answer: (A) New York Today Guggenheim museum is in New York, Venice, Bilbao and Abu Dhabi vi) According to the National Building Code of India the minimum clear height prescribed for mezzanine floor is : (A) 2.2 metres (B) 2.5 metres (C) 2.8 metres (D) 3.0 metres Answer: (B) 2.5 metres (vii) Mottle is a defect which causes the stone to have (A) Minute cracks containing calcium (B) Cavities filled up with sand (C) Spotted appearance due to chalky substance (D) Cavities filled up with sand Answer: (C) Spotted appearance due to chalky substance (viii) The study of spatial factors in face to face interpretation is known as (A) Schemata (B) Personal space (C) Proxemics (D)Territoriality Answer: (C) Proxemics Propogated by Edward T Hall (Part of non verbal communication) Intimate distance for embracing, touching or whispering Close phase – less than 6 inches (15 cm) Far phase – 6 to 18 inches (15 to 46 cm) Personal distance for interactions among good friends or family members Close phase – 1.5 to 2.5 feet (46 to 76 cm)  Far phase – 2.5 to 4 feet (76 to 122 cm) Social distance for interactions among acquaintances Close phase – 4 to 7 feet (1.2 to 2.1 m) Far phase – 7 to 12 feet (2.1 to 3.7 m) Public Distance used for public speaking Close phase – 12 to 25 feet (3.7 to 7.6 m) Far phase – 25 feet (7.6 m) or more. Territoriality is a term associated with nonverbal communication that refers to how people use space (territory) to communicate ownership or occupancy of areas and possessions. (ix) Wedge-shaped bricks or stone blocks forming an arch are called: (A) Voussoirs (B)Cornices (C) Springers (D)Abuttments. Answer: (A) Voussoirs (x) The following compound of cement contributes most to the strength of concrete: (A) Calcium Aluminate (B) Dicalcium Silicate (C) Tricalcium Silicate (D)Gypsum Answer: (B) Dicalcium Silicate Tricalcium silicate gives initial strength and hardness to concrete.It is responsible for heat of hydration. Dicalcium Silicate gives strength after one week and contributes to maximum strength. Gypsum retards the setting time of concrete. (xi) The roof type suitable for minimum wind resistance is (A) Hemispherical (B) Flat (C) Conical with top opening (D)None of the above Answer: (B) Flat (xii) Optical corrections were employed predominantly in: (A) Gothic architecture (B) Greek architecture (C) Indian architecture (D) Islamic architecture Answer: (B) Greek architecture (xiii) Maximum length of cul-de-sac type of street is: (A) 450 m (B) 220 m (C) 139 m (D) 80 m Answer: (B) 220 m (xiv) Find the odd one out of the following: (A) Extended Aeration process (B) Activated sludge process (C) Oxidation pond (D) Oxidation ditch Answer: No appropriate answer (xv) Dilwara temples are famous for: (A) New method of dome construction (B) Intricate carving (C) Wooden construction (D) Clear-storey windows Answer: (B) Intricate carving (xvi) The minimum area of a combined bath and w.c. as specified in the National building Code of India is (A) 2.5 sq.metres (B) 2.8 sq. metres (C) 3.0 sq. metres (D) 3.2 sq. metres Answer:(B) 2.8 sq. metres (as per latest revision of NBC) (xvii) Cohort is (A) grafting technique (B) Groups of people aggregated by one or more characteristics (C) A type of shading devices (D) Places with similar soil condition Answer: (B) Groups of people aggregated by one or more characteristics (xviii) Reverberation inside a theatre depends on: (A) Structural strength of the roof (B) Shape of the roof (C) Volume of the hall (D) Heat generated in the hall Answer: (C) Volume of the hall (xix) In a room in hot dry climate the minimum aggregate area of openings excluding doors will be (A) One-fifth of the floor area (B) One-sixth of the floor area (C) One-eighth of the floor area (D) One-tenth of the floor area Answer: (D) One-tenth of the floor area (soln provided by Chitra Mishra, Sunderdeep College of Architecture, Ghaziabad) Ratio of opening of window Hot and Dry= 1/10 Warm Humid= 1/8 Temperate and Composite= 1/8 Cold= 1/12 xx)According to the National Commission of urbanisation Report, the type of urban development suitable for Indian condition is (A) Low-rise low density development (B) Low-rise high density development (C) High-rise low density development (D) High-rise high density development Answer: (B) Low-rise high density development Q.2 Match the following: (i) (a) Theory and Design in the first Machine age (A) Ammos Rapoport (g) (b)The Oregon experiment (B) Geoffrey Scott (e) (c)The Dimaxion world (C) Richard Neutra (d) (d) Survival through Design (D) C. P. Kukreja (i) (e) The Architecture of Humanism (E) Nikolaus Pevsner (j) (f) Tomorrow: A peaceful path to social reform (F) Norman Evenson (h) (g) House- form and culture (G) Christopher Alexandre and others (b) (h) The Indian Metropolis (H) Reiner Banham (a) (i) Tropical Architecture (I) R. Buckminister Fuller (c) (j) A History of Building Type (J) Ebenezer Howard (f) (ii) (a) Lake shore Drive apartments (A) Frank Lloyd Wright (j) (b) Sydney Opera (B) Uttam C. Jain (g) (c)Centre of Development Studies, Trivandrum(C) Michael Graves (d) (d) Portland Building (D) Charles Correa (h) (e)U.S. Embassy Building, New Delhi (E) Joseph Paxton (i) (f) Asiad Village Complex (F) Jorn Utzon (b) (g) Jodhpur University (G) Meis van der Rohe (a) (h) Hotel Cidad- de- Goa (H) Raj Rewal (f) (i) Crystal Palace (I) Edward Durrel Stone (e) (j) Falling Water (J) Laurie Baker (c) (iii)(a) Dom-ino (A) Patrick Geddes (d) (b) The Neighbourhood unit (B) Kevin Lynch (e) (c)Cite Industrielle (C) Le Corbusier (a) (d) Connurbation (D) Clarence A. Perry (b) (e)Imageability (E) Tony Garnier (c) (iv)(a) Letchworth (A) Hippodamus (e) (b) Vidyadhar nagar (B) H. P Berlage (c) (c)Amsterdam South (C) Raymond Unwin (a) (d) Brasilia (D) B.V. Doshi (b) (e)Miletus (E) Lucio Costa (d) (v)(a) C.I.E. diagram (A) Ventillation (i) (b) Globe thermometer (B) Climate Analysis (h) (c)Natural Bed (C) Concrete strength (e) (d) Stalactite Brackets (D) Sand stone (g) (e)Water Cement Ratio (E) Meeting point (j) (f) Comfort Scale (F) Qutub Minar (d) (g) Alabaster (G) Colour (a) (h) Mahoney Tables (H) Effective Temperaature (f) (i) Stack Effects (I) Mean Radiant temperature (b) j) Node (J) Marble (c) Q.3Indicate the following statements as TRUE or FALSE. (i) External shading devices are the most effective means of blocking out solar heat transmission. TRUE (ii) The Zoning ordinance provide standards for plot sizes and arrangement, utilities and street improvements. FALSE (iii) Floor Area Ratio is plot area divided by total covered area of all floors. FALSE (iv) Luminous efficacy of fluorescent lamp is greater than that of incandescent lamp. TRUE (v) A plywood board is weaker than a piece of unlaminated timber of the same size and thickness. FALSE Q.4 Fill in the blanks. (a) The standard illumination level in general office is 100 lux. (b) In land use planning land allocation between uses remains major criteria in the decision making process. (c) Lines of intersection of Roman cross vaults are called groin (d) The pruning of plants into unusual shapes is known as topiary (e) A mixture of all colour pigments produces black (f) Cul –de sac type of street system is primarily meant to eliminate traffic in a residential area. (g) A ‘bit’ can take two values. (h) Residential density indicates number of dwellings in relation to the area of land. (i) Haldia is an example of port Town. (j) Unit of measurement of plastering is square metre. Q.5 What do the following abbreviations stand for? (a)H.D.F.C. : Housing Development Financial Corporation (b) C.I.A.M. : Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne (c)M.I.G. : Middle Income Group (d) N.B.C.C : National Building Construction Company (e)C.P.U.: Central Processing Unit Q.6 Distinguish between: (i) Dry Rot and wet rot. (ii) Arterial street and Collector street (iii) Trabeated and Arcuated construction (iv) Receding and Advancing colours  (v) Exotic plants and native plants (vi) One-way slab and two-way slab (vii) Absolute Humidity and Relative Humidity (viii) Scale and Proportion (ix) Raft foundation and pile foundation (x) PERT and CPM. Q.7 Answer the following briefly : (i) The percentage articulation in an auditorium depends upon four factors. What are these? (ii) What do you understand by determinate structure? Give an example. (iii) Name three most important criteria that guide the designing of an art gallery. (iv) What are the factors affecting comfort conditions. (v) Explain efflorescence on plastered brick wall. (vi) Enumerate three advantages of linear type of city plan. (vii) What is accent or focal colour? (viii) What are basic functional zones of urban settlement. (ix) What is meant by ‘U’ value of a construction. (x) Name important components of a typical Hindu temple. Q.8 Explain the following with sketches: (i) Typical cross-section of a major street of aprox. 40 metres right of way, showing essential features. (ii) Block board and composite board. (iii) How would you make a square shape resting on its side look vertically elongated. (iv) The special features of Taj Mahal dome. (v) Tongue and groove joint and Dove-tail joint in wood work. Q.9 Draw sketch plan of Chandigarh city and explain Le Corbusier’s basic concepts of town planning. Q.10 Following information about income pattern is available from household survey of a community. Category Monthly Number of family families income in rupees 1 Below 500 45 2 501-1000 62 3 1001-1500 213 4 1501-2000 171 5 2001-3000 76 6 above 3000 33 (i) Find out percentage of families earning a monthly income above Rs 1,500. (ii) Draw a pi-diagram showing percentage distribution of various income groups. Q.11 Draw the bending moment and shear force diagram for the following : Q.12 List six factors that are considered while selecting a tree for a landscape. Q.13 Draw the CPM network and determine the critical path from the following data: Sl. No Activity Duration Preceding (days) activity 1 A 4 - 2 B 10 - 3 C 6 - 4 D 6 A 5 E 8 B 6 F 3 C 7 G 7 D 8 H 2 E Q.14 Find the errors in the following FORTRAN program: DIMENSION I (10) REAL M DO 100 M = 1,10 READ (*, 200) │ (M) 100 CONTINUE 200 FORMAT (F 10.2) STOP END Q.15 Draw a sketch of a typical Greek Temple façade and name the important elements.  GATE 1994 SECTION A Q.1 (i) The visual principle of optical correction was invented and used in (A) Byzantine Architecture (B) Islamic Architecture (C) Greco Roman Architecture (D)Greek Architecture Answer: (D) Greek Architecture (ii)Interface of two ecological zones is called (A) Ecosystem (B)Ecotone (C) Profile (D)Promontories Answer: (B) Ecotone (iii) Greater London Plan, 1941, was prepared by (A) Christopher Wren (B) Ebenezer Howard (C)Prince Charles (D)Patrick Abercrombie Answer: (D) Patrick Abercrombie (iv) Density control of residential area is expressed in terms of (A) Dwelling units per floor (B) Dwelling units per plot (C) Age-sex ratio (D) Floor area ratio Answer: (D) Floor area ratio (v) Write (17, *) A is a write statement with (A) Free format (B) Open format (C) F 17.0 format (D)A 17 format Answer: (vi) Grey value of colour refers to (A) Wave length (B) Reflectivity (C)Lightness (D)None of the above Answer: (D) None of the above (vii) Coarse textured plants are characterised by (A) Dense small leaves with many branches and full growth habits (B) Large leaves with massive branches and loose growth habits (C) Sharp edged long leaves with thin branches and restricted growth habits (D) Uncontrolled growth with sparsely developed leaves and trunk Answer: (C) Sharp edged long leaves with thin branches and restricted growth habits (viii) In a two dimensional composition spatial depth can be created by the principle of (A) Balance (B) Rhythm (C) Perspective (D) Harmony Answer: (C) Perspective (ix) Settlement with ‘mile high’ structure was conceived by (A) Le Corbusier (B) Antonio Gaudi (C) Frank Lloyd Wright (D) Kevin Lynch Answer: (C) Frank Lloyd Wright (x) The permissible height of a building on a plot is determined by  (A) Density of the area and floor space index (B) Uncovered rear space and ground coverage (C) Abutting road width and floor area ratio (D) None of the above Answer: (C) Abutting road width and floor area ratio (xi) AUTOEXE. BAT is a (A) Data file(B) ASCII text file (C) Autocad drawing file (D)Write protected file Answer: (B) ASCII text file (xii) Photo chemical reaction in the atmosphere begins with (A) the act of absorption of radiation (B) the formation of smog (C) the depletion of ozone layer (D) None of the above Answer: No appropriate answer (xiii) Trickling filter is used for (A) Treatment of drinking water (B) Treatment of waste water (C) Oxidation of water (D) Air conditioning plant Answer: (B) Treatment of waste water (xiv) Complementary colour of violet is (A) Red (B) Yellow (C) Black (D) Green Answer: (B) Yellow (xv) The Radburn pattern of neighbourhood layout was conceived by (A) Doxiadis (B) Clarence Stein (C) Clarence Perry (D)Soriya Y. Mata Answer: (B) Clarence Stein (xvi) UCS in Autocad (A) Can not be altered (B) Can only be rotated (C) Can only be translated (D) Can be rotated and translated Answer: (D) Can be rotated and translated (xvii) The principle of ‘Conservative Surgery’ was suggested by (A) Oscar Neimeyer (B) Patrick Geddes (C) Charles Abraham (D)Lewis Mumford Answer: (B)Patrick Geddes viii) Plants which can block wind and view throughout the year when branching very near the ground are known as (A)Decidous(B) Evergreen Conifers (C) Broad leaf evergreen (D) Mixed evergreen deciduous Answer: (C)Broad leaf evergreen (xix) The Tien An Mein Square in Peking is an example of (A)Ornamental park (B) Shopping Centre (C) Large Plaza (D) Exhibition ground Answer: (B) Large Plaza (xx) The National Commission on Urbanisation was chaired by  (A) Rajiv Gandhi (B) Charles Correa (C) B. V. Doshi (D) A. P. Kanvinde Answer: (B) Charles Correa Q.2 What do the following abbreviation stand for (a) BTU: British Thermal Unit (b) HVAC: Heating Ventillation and Air Conditioning (c) SFS: Self Financing Scheme (d) COPP: (e) ASCORAL: Assemblee de COnstructeurs pour une Renovation Architecturale (f) NCR: National Capital Region (g) RAM: Random Access Memory (h) BPS : Business Process Services (i) BOPE : (j) NGO: Non Government Organization Q.3 Match the following (i) (a) Mud Pushta (A) DOS (f) (b) Ballast (B) Relationship (h) (c)Fineness (C) Colour Separator (j) (d) Wblock (D) Water proofing (a) (e) Copy (E) Order (g) (f) Print (F) Accentuation (i) (g) Proportion (G) Fluorescent (b) (h) Schemata (H) Aggregate (c (i) Vista (I) Autocad (d) (j) Newton (J) BASIC (e) (ii) (a)Laurie Baker (A) Site Planning (d) (b) Christopher Alexander (B) World cities (e) (c)Eugen P. Odum (C) New Bombay (j) (d) Kevin Lynch (D) Sector Theory (h) (e)Peter Hall (E) Small is Beautiful (g) (f) Lewis Mumford (F) Arcology (i) (g) E.S. Schumacher (G) Architect of the poor (a) (h) Homer Hoytt (H) A city is not a Tree (b) (i) Soleri Paolo (I) Fundamentals of Ecology (c) (j) Charles Correa (J) The city in History (f) Q.4 Fill in the blanks: (i) Physiological comfort is a major ………………….issue in planting design. (ii) ‘Dwelling’ 67 Montreal’ is an example of Housing complex (iii) The first garden city Letchworth is 35 km away from London. (iv) OPEN (15, file…….’C 10 OUT’) (v) Two parallel lines in perspective meet at vanishing point. (vi) Chlorine is added to water for removal of pathogens. (vii) Exhaust Fan are provided to remove foul air inside the toilet. (viii) Asymmetrical space can be made to feel more dynamic when pure element is placed symmetrical in the space. (ix) Brasilia is a variant of ……………………………. urban form. (x) A complete periodic enumeration of total population in a given country made at a specific point of time is known as Census Q.5 Indicate the following as TRUE or FALSE (i) Unity in composition can also be increased by proximity. TRUE  (ii) Perception of size of an object is independent of its relation to human size. FALSE (iii) The Milletus demonstrates Hippodomian plan. TRUE (iv) Agora was locating the Royal Palace. FALSE (v) Harappa is situated by the side of river Sind. FALSE (vi) The Central city with satellite towns was originated by Raymond Unwin.TRUE (vii) The Aranya Housing Project was designed by B.V. Doshi. TRUE (viii) The intensity of commercial development is expressed in terms of F.A.R. FALSE (ix) Sodium vapour lamps are suitable for industrial lighting. FALSE (x) In an auditorium if the near ground temperature is higher than the upper level the sound from source will deflect upwards. TRUE (xi) FORTRAN is a machine language. FALSE (xii) Hogarth’s Line of Beauty represents variety in unity. TRUE (xiii) DOS is an operating system software. TRUE (xiv) Landscape is to be seen as a physical entity only and not to be translated into economic unit.FALSE (xv) Human scale refers to space with a maximum horizontal distance of 72 feet. TRUE.6 Write a computer program for drawing a specific line and a specific circle on the terminal screen in BASIC..7 In a square frame of 6 cm x 6 cm make balanced composition using two straight lines in each square so that in first a point at the centre is emphasised, in second a point near left upper corner is emphasised and in the third a point outside the point is emphasised..8 Discuss with sketch the principles of a residence sector plan of a new town..9 Explain briefly the relation of climatic elements to comfort..10 Plant form is a combination of overall plant shape and habit of growth. Each shape has its own unique characteristics and design potentials- Sketch the different types of plant forms stating their design potentials. ECTION B (PART-I). 11 Critically examine the architectural works developed by Laurie Baker and its influence in modern architecture in India..12 Explain with sketches the working of Aqua Privy..13 Design a cantilevered R.C. roof slab to carry a live load of 1.5 KN/m². The overhang of the slab is 1.2 m. Use M 15 grade concrete Fe 415 grade steel. (Given R= 0.658 N/mm²; j= 0.9; Area of 8 TOR bars = 0.5 cm²)..14 The average completion time of the following construction activities are given below. As a construction manager for which activities you would like to maintain very strict schedule? Draw the network to justify your decision. Activity Average completion time (in weeks) 1-2 11 1-3 14 2-4 6 2-5 16 3-4 7 4-5 3 Q.15 Mention briefly the salient architectural concepts and features of Khajuraho group of temples. Q.16 Find out the quantity of each types of materials required for a 12 cm thick R.C.C. (1:2:4) roof slab 3.5m x 5.0 m with 0.8% steel (wt of steel = 7850kg/m³; 1 cum 1: 2: 4) concrete requires 6.2 bag of cement, 434 lit sand and 868 lit of stone aggregate).  Q.17 Define Glare and indicate the causes of glare with it remedy. Q.18 Determine the eccentric load per metre which a 250mm thick work section can carry. The eccentricity of load is 3cm from the centre line of the wall. The allowable compressive stress for brick work (1:4 mortar) is 2000KN/m2; slenderness ratio for the wall is 10 for which the allowable stress is to be reduced by 40%. Q.19 Sketch two alternative courses of brick layers showing ‘English Brick bond’ for a Tee junction of a half brick wall with a one brick thick wall. Q.20 Outline briefly the architectural features developed during Islamic period in India. Q.21 ‘Hall of Nation’constructed at the Permanent Exhibition complex (Pragati Maidan), New Delhi as the forum for the demonstration of India’s industrial and technological potential- critically evaluate the structure from the point of contemporary Indian architectural development. Q.22 Out of several water softening processes for hard water which process produces zero hardness. Explain the reasons. Q.23 State the advantages of pre stressed concrete. Q.24 Sketch the details of ribbed slabs with precast panels and discuss the method of construction of such a slab. Q.25 Explain with sketches the method of forming pendentive for dome construction over a square plan. Give example of a famous structure where it was adopted. Q.26 Elaborate the considerations you will make in designing a toilet for male students hostel. Sketch one such toilet having 2 W.C.’s, 3 baths, 4 urinals, 3 W.H. Basins and 1 Janitor’s closet. Q.27 Distinguish with help of sketches the construction of dome and supporting system for St. Paul’s Cathedral, London and St.Peter Rome. Q.28 Outline with sketches the principles in simplest form the different stages involved in summer and winter air conditioning. Q.29 Compare with sketches the proportion of Greek and Roman Doric order and label the parts. Q.30 Sketch the longitudinal section through a water closet with S-trap sowing fittings, fixtures and connections to soil pipe leading to septic tank. ECTION B (PART-I).11 Stating the concept of Primate City, outline how the primacy index could be computed..12 The distance measured between two identifiable location on a topographic map (scale 1: 50000) is 52 mm. The distance between the same two locations in an aerial photograph is 260 mm. The aerial photograph just covers a settlement within its 200 mm x 200 mm size. 45 % of the area of the photograph is under residential use. Find (a) the scale of the aerial photograph (b) the total area of the settlement (c) the area under residential use.13 Outline the considerations for design and layout of street lighting system in an urban area..14 Write ten major functions of urban government as per the Twelfth Schedule of the Constitution (Seventy Fourth Amendment Act 1992)..15 Calculate the time mean speed and space mean speed from Vehicle Spot the following observed data of spot speeds of the No speed vehicles. 1 10 m/sec Soln: 2 15 m/sec 3 12 m/sec Time mean speed = 4 11 m/sec = 5 18 m/sec = 13.2 m/s  Space mean speed = = = = = 13.15 m/s.16 Elaborate on the concept of “Spill- over Effect.”.17 In a housing area of 18.7 Hectares, 1000 residential plots are to be provided. It is contemplated that 50 % of the plots will be A-type. 30 % B-type and 20 % C-type. The B-type plots will be 20 % larger in size than A- type plots and C type plots will be 30 % larger than A-type plots. 15 % of the residential area will be under roads and 25 % area will be used for open space and community facilities. Find the maximum area for each type of plots. Soln: Total no of Plots = 1000 Let the area of Type ‘A’ be ‘a’ units, then type ‘B’ = ‘1.2a’ and C= ‘1.3a’ Type ‘A’= 500 (a) Type ‘B’= 300 (1.2a) Type ‘C’= 200 (1.3a) Out of 18.7 ha, 15% is under road and 25% under open space/community facilities, Rest 60% is Residential Residentail area = × 18.7= 11.22 ha Equating 500a + 360 a + 260a = 11.22 × 10,000 sqm 1120a= 112200 sqm a = 100 sqm Type ‘A’= 100 sqm Type ‘B’= 120 sqm Type ‘C’= 130 sqm.18 Find out the quantity of run-off for 70 cm rainfall for an area of 100 Hectares out of which 55 % is residential area, 20 % is under roads and rest of the area is under open space with 30 % paved area. The co-efficient of run off for residential area is 0.6, for roads 0.9, for open space is 0.5 and for paved area is 0.7. Answer: 4,55,000 cubic m Total area= 100 ha Residential (55 %) = 55 ha Road (20%) = 20 ha Open space= 25 ha out of which 30% is paved Paved area × 25= 7.5 ha (Paved) Unpaved = 17.5 ha Total Runoff= (area in ‘m’ × rainfall in ‘m’ × ruoff coefficient) From Residential = 5,50,000 × 0.7 × 0.6 = 2,31,000 cum From Road = 2,00,000 × 0.7 × 0.9 = 1,26,000 cum From paved area = 75,000 × 0.7 × 0.7 = 36,750 cum From unpaved area = 1,75,000 × 0.7 × 0.5 = 61,250 cum Total Runoff= 4,55,000 cubic m.19 Sketch a typical diversion curve based on travel time ratio and discuss the use of such a curve for trip assignment..20 Suggest the area of urban functions where ‘Users charges’ could be used most effectively. Q.21 Outline the Public Interest as Determinants of urban landuse..22 What data and information you will collect if you are required to decide the price per unit floor area of a proposed shopping complex in an existing residential area. Q.23 Explain with sketches the different systems of laying water distribution lines for a city..24 Sketch with dimension the cross section of urban arterial road with 4- lanes, a median of 1.5 m width and footbath on either side. The pedestrian volume during morning and evening peak hours is 13500 pedestrians/hr in the major direction of flow. The design pedestrian flow is 75 pedestrian per minute per metre. Q.25 Indicate the administrative measures to be adopted under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. (Steps only) Q.26 Suggests the indicator of a settlement pattern Study for a Region. Q.27 Explain with examples how demographic data on age sex structure of population can be used for estimation of primary school students, secondary school students and labour force. Q.28 Mention the information to be collected for the design of sewerage system for an urban area Q.29 Discuss the advantages of one way street system in an urban area. Q.30 Highlight on ‘Plot Reconstitution Scheme’ as a successful legal tool.  GATE 1995 Q.1 (i) Rhythmic pattern is created by (A) Repeating a set of elements in a space at regular intervals (B) Repeating a single element in linear fashion only (C) Symmetrically arranging elements along an axis (D) None of the above. Answer: (A) Repeating a set of elements in a space at regular intervals Repetition refers to one object or shape repeated; Pattern is a combination of elements or shapes repeated in a recurring and regular arrangement; Rhythm--is a combination of elements repeated, but with variations. (ii) Of the following type of landscape , which one produces heat- island (A) Islands (B) Coastal areas (C) Urban areas (D) Mountain ranges. Answer: (C) Urban areas (iii) Combination of Red and Green in a colour scheme is (A) Simultaneous contrast (B) Complementary harmony (C) Split complimentary (D) Analogous Answer: (B) Complementary harmony Composite is opposite colour in colour wheel. (iv) The maximum distance for recognizing faces is (A) 15 meters (B) 40 meters (C) 25 meters (D) 50 meters Answer: (C) 25 meters (v) The optimum reverberation time for public lecture halls should not exceed (A) 1.0 sec (B) 1.5 sec (C) 2.0 sec (D) 2.5 sec Answer: (A) 1.0 sec Around 2 seconds is desirable for a medium-sized, general purpose auditorium that is to be used for both speech and music. A classroom should be much shorter, less than a second. And a recording studio should minimize reverberation time in most cases for clarity of recording. The maximum level of background noise allowed in the classroom is 35 decibels (dBA). Maximum acceptable noise level as per CPCB norms in India. Day time Night time Industrial area 75 70 Commercial area 65 55 Residential area 55 45 Silence Zone 50 40 Silence zone is referred as areas upto 100 meters around such premises as hospitals,educational institutions and courts. (vi) Higher the elevation of a town above the sea level, larger the dose human population is exposed to (A) Nuclear radiation (B) Cosmic rays (C) Electromagnetic waves (D) All the above.  Answer: (B) Cosmic rays (vii) A rectangular area specified in world co-ordinates is called (A) Window (B) Door (C) Ventilator (D) Mirror Answer: (A) Window (viii) The term Conurbation was initiated by (A) Lewis Mumford (B) Stuart Chapin (C) Patric Geddes (D) Charles Correa Answer: (C) Patric Geddes an extended urban area, typically consisting of several towns merging with the suburbs of a central city. (ix) Permissible building coverage is expressed in terms of (A) People per hectare (B) Dwelling units per hectare (C) Ground coverage (D) None of the above. Answer: (C) Ground coverage Residential Density= Dwelling units per hectare (x) F.A.R. of a an area varies with respect to (A) Size of the plot (B) Abutting road width and use (C) Location (D) Height of the building Answer: No appropriate Answer. (A), (B), (C) all are correct (xi) WBLOCK command in autocad creates (A) Wooden block (B) Drawing file (C) ASCII file (D) Data file Answer: (B) Drawing file (xii) House near Luxor, Egypt was designed by- (A) Robert Venturi (B) Hassan Fathy (C) I.M. Pie (D) Lucio Costa Answer: (B) Hassan Fathy, an Egyptian architect. (xiii) Self-help housing concept was propagated by (A) Charles Abraham (B) UNCHS (C) Laurie Baker (D) Burger R. Antipode Answer: (A) Charles Abraham "Man's Struggle for Shelter in an Urbanizing World" by Charles Abram's. (xiv) Broad acre city was proposed by  (A) Ebenezar Howard (B) Raymond Unwin (C) Frank Lloyd Wright (D) C. A. Doxiadis Answer: (C) Frank Lloyd Wright (xv) Desirable spacing of trees along a highway is (A) 3m to 7 m (B) 9m to 15m (C) 20m to 25m (D) 26m to 30m Answer: (B) 9m to 15m Across the highway it should be planted 10-12 m away from the centre line of extreme traffic lane. Q.2 What do the following abbreviations stand for (a) U C S: Universal Coordiate System (b) U N C H S: United Nations centre for Human Settlement (c) G L: Ground Level (d) L O T : Line of travel (e) B O D: Biological Oxygen Demand Q.3 Match the following (i) (a) String (A) Estuaries (c) (b) Pyrocell (B) Hygrometer (e) (c)Mangroves (C) Scanner (d) (d) Raster (D) Character sequence (a) (e)Humidity (E) Fire resistance (b) (ii)(a)Colour scale (A) Renaissance (i) (b) Plan Libre (B) Greek Period (h) (c)Dyer D.J. (C) Town Design (f) (d) Calcutta (D) Concentric zone theory (g) (e)Doxiadis (E) Linear City (d) (f) Fredrick Gibbard (F) People and housing in third World (c) (g) E. W. Burgess (G) Ekistics (e) (h) Miletus (H) Future of Metropolis (j) (i) Karlsruhu (I) Le Corbusier (b) (j) Lloyd Rodwin (J) Munsell (a) Q.4 Fill in the blanks: (i) Renaissance period in India synchronises with Mughal Rule. (ii) A public record survey or map showing details of value, extent and ownership of land is known as Cadastral Map (iii) Laurie baker is the receipent of Habitat Award 1987 and Padamshree in 1990. (iv) Aerobic bacteria require oxygen for their existence. (v) Mansara is the elaborate treatis on building and town planning in ancient India. (vi) Incineration involves the burning of refuse in the incinerator. (vii) Glare increases the apparent size of the object (viii) Visual survey involves examination of the form, appearance and texture of built form. (ix) A straight line movement of an object from one position to another on the display screen is known as cursor of the object. (x) A form of pruning in which plants are severely sheared into unnatural shapes such as animals or chess pieces is called topiary Q.5 Indicate the following as TRUE or FALSE: (i) The saturation scale of any colour can be achieved by mixing white or black to that colour. FALSE (ii) If the pollutants are dispersed in a large volume of air the resultant pollution increases. FALSE  (iii) Transmission loss of sound varies directly with the frequency of sound. TRUE (iv) The minimum height permitted for habitable room is 2.1 m. FALSE (v) Timgad is an example of Roman Town. TRUE (vi) “The Future of Housing” was written by Charles Abraham. TRUE (vii) Arthashastra was written during Vedic Period.FALSE (viii) Shrubs cannot reduce the velocity of wind. FALSE (ix) END CIRCLE, FOR is a valid FORTRAN statement (x) The collective term for the foliage of a tree is canopy. FALSE Q.6 Distinguish between: (i) Freehold and Leasehold property (ii) Betterment Levy and Development Levy (iii) Core House and Shell House (iv) Dandaka and Padmaka (v) Year’s purchase in perpetuity and Sinking fund (vi) Value and Hue of colour (vii) Full enclosure and Loss of enclosure (viii) Mouse and Digitizer (ix) Coagulant and Flocculent (x) Herbaceous and Herbicide SUB SECTION A2 Q.7 Write a program in FORTRAN or BASIC for computing the volume of a sphere for variable radius. Q.8 In a square frame of 10 cm x 10 cm make a composition of figure and ground (positive and negative) indicating expansion of figure on ground and ground on figure. Q.9 Explain “Venturi Effect” of air flow inside a building. Q.10 Proposed land use distribution for 10 hectare housing complex is 65 %, 10%, 12.5 %, for residential, public-semi public, open space and roads respectively. Costs of land acquisition, site development and construction are Rs 1200/ m², Rs 100/ m² and Rs 4000/ m² respectively. Permissible FAR being 1.5, find out the cost of a dwelling unit of 85 m². Q.11 Illustrate with sketches highlighting the major features of any planned Indian city. SECTION B (PART I) Q.12 Discuss briefly the important contribution of reinforced cement concrete to modern Architecture. Q.13 Greek Architecture is sometimes called “A Carpentry in Marble” – Justify. Q.14 Describe the fire proofing treatment of steel columns in public buildings. Q.15 Determine the allowable tensile force P that may be applied across two plates connected to one another by fillet weld joints as shown in the Fig- B-I 15.Allowable working stress of weld is 75 MPa. Consider only shearing stress in the weld. The load is applied midway between the two welds. Q.16 The optimistic (t0) , most likely (tm) and permissible (tp ) times of activities on the critical path of a PERT network are given below. Calculate the mean and standard deviation of the critical path duration.  Activities on to tm tp the Critical path A 5 10 15 B 8 16 24 Q.17 Explain the important Architectural Design features of any ONE of the following: (i) Belgian Embassy (ii)Bahai Temple (iii)CMC building- Bombay Q.18 Explain with illustration the construction of dome over a square plan as developed during Indo-Islamic phase. Q.19 Explain sound-focii and Dead Spot in an auditorium. Q.20 Sketch a wall footing for a 250 mm wall of a two-storied residential building on a ground having a safe bearing capacity of 10 tons/m² at a depth of 1 m below the surface. The load from the wall at the ground level is 7 tons/m length of the wall. Q.21 Sketch the connection of the house water supply pipe with the municipal water main showing the position of Ferrule, water meter, goose neck and stop cock. Q.22 Outline briefly the Architectural features of Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalay, Sabarmati, and Ahmadabad. Q.23 State the factors considered by the Buddhists while selecting the monastic sites. Q.24 State the advantages of Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) as structural materials and mention some areas of their use in building. Q.25 Draw elevation and details of an Aluminium window 2 m long and 1.5m high with four vertical divisions out of which the middle two should consist of side-hung openable shutter of 1.0 m height. Q.26 Sketch a semi circular brick arch over an opening of 1.5 m and label all its components. Q.27 Design a dining hall with sitting capacity of 30 for a guest house showing the furniture layout, relationship to the kitchen and washing area for the diners. Q.28 Explain with sketches the characteristic features of a Mughal Garden. Q.29 Discuss in brief the process of preparation, properties and the uses of plywood. Q.30 Design illumination for a 6m x 4m computer lab so as to achieve good working environment. The ceiling height is 3 m and the false ceiling is at 2.4 m. Draw an inverted ceiling plan and a section of the room. Q.31 Sketch two consecutive layers of right- angle corner of a 25 cm thick brick wall in English bond. SECTION B (PART II) Q.12 Indicate the functions of a structure Plan. Q.13 The passenger demand during the two hours morning peak period along a bus route is 4000 passengers. The round trip time along the route is 50 minutes and the average vehicle occupancy is 75 passengers. Calculate the hourly flow of buses and the number of buses required to provide this flow assuming 5 % of the buses will be under service and repair. Q.14 Explain how the population projection can be estimated for any settlement by Employment method. Q.15 Explain in brief the composting method of refuse disposal. Q.16 Prepare a flow chart for residential site planning by adopting modern management technique. Q.17 Briefly describe the indicators of Physical Planning. Q.18 Sketch the common types of on- street parking. Discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Q.19 Describe the survey to be conducted for developing a shopping centre of an urban area. Q.20 A city with a population of 1,00,000 discharges sewage of 120 lpcd in a stream having a flow of 1 cu.m/sec. The BOD of sewage is 220 mg/lit. The BOD content in the upstream before the outfall is 0.8 mg/lit. Calculate the BOD content of the stream in mg/lit just down stream of outfall. Q.21 State the objectives and ceiling limits under Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976. Q.22 Outline the process involved in Multi- Level planning. Q.23 Determine the angle at which a pavement should be banked in order to avoid outward sliding of vehicles along a horizontal circular curve of radius R = 300 m. The maximum allowable speed limit along the curve is 100 km/hour. The coefficient of side friction is 0.2. Q.24 Explain the stratified sampling and the cluster sampling. Q.25 Explain how Mass Curve can be used to determine the capacity of a balancing water tank. Q.26 Indicate the Obligatory Functions of an Urban Local Body. Q.27 Highlight the concept of systems Approach in planning and comment on its merits and demerits. Q.28 Discuss the form of the Gravity Model commonly used for estimating trip distributing in transportation planning. Why is it necessary to calibrate such a model? Q.29 Aerial photograph on scale 1:25000 was taken with an aerial camera lens of 15 cm focal length, Calculate the flying height above mean ground level of 1200 m. Find the flying height of the aircraft above mean sea level. Q.30 Explain break point chlorination. Q.31 Comment on the PPBS system and its applicability in Indian context.  GATE 1996 Q.1.1‘New Town Intown’ concept involves (A) Increasing the population density in the city centre (B) Provision of large scale recreational facilities in city core (C) Encouraging strip commercial within the city core (D) Large scale rehabilitation, modernization and redevelopment of the city core. Answer: (D) Large scale rehabilitation, modernization and redevelopment of the city core. Q.1.2An ‘Aquiclude’ is (A) Confined bed of impervious material between acquifers (B) Perched acquifer (C) Artesian acquifer (D) Large water body underground Answer: (A) Confined bed of impervious material between acquifers An aquitard may store water and may transmit appreciable water to and from adjacent aquifers. A completely impermeable aquitard is called an aquiclude or aquifuge. Q.1.3If ‘a’ is the optimistic time, ‘b’ is the pessimistic time and ‘m’ is the most likely time of an activity, the expected time of the activity is (A) (B) (C) (D) Answer: (B) Q.1.4The most commonly used base for timber painting is (A) Red lead (B) White lead (C) Titanium white (D) Zinc oxide Answer: (B) White lead Q.1.5Absorption of sound in porus material occurs mainly due to (A) Creep loss (B) Vacuum in holes (C)Frictional loss (D)None of the above Answer: (C) Frictional loss When sound from a loudspeaker collides with the walls of a room part of the sound's energy is reflected and part is absorbed into the walls. As the waves travel through the wall they deform the material thereof (just like they deformed the air before). This deformation has mechanical losses which convert part of the sound energy into heat through acoustic attenuation, mostly due to the wall's viscosity. The same attenuating mechanics apply for the air and any other medium through which sound travels. Width of formation for various classes of roads Q.1.6In sewers, velocity of flow should not be (A) More than self cleansing velocity Road Roadway width in m (B) Less than velocity of water at classification Plain and Mountainous and flushing (C) Less than dry water flow velocity rolling terrain steep terrain  (D) Less than self cleansing velocity NH/SH 12 6.25-8.8 Answer: (D) Less than self cleansing MDR 9 4.75 velocity ODR 7.5-9.0 4.75 Q.1.7As per Indian Road Congress the VR 7.5 4.0 ‘Width of formation of highway in plain land’ is (A) 6.0 m (B) 12.0 m (C) 18.0 m (D) 21.0 m Answer: (B) 12.0 m Width of formation or roadway width is the sum of the widths of pavements or carriage way including separators and shoulders. This does not include the extra land in formation/cutting. The width of road or width of carriage way for single lane road is 3.75, for intermediate lane road 5.5 m, two lanes without raised kerb is 7 m, two lane with raised kerb is 7.5 m and for multi-lane road width per lane is 3.5 m. Q.1.8 In a lecture auditorium the seating pattern from the speaker should fall within maximum angle of (A)70º (B)90º (C)120º (D)140º Answer: (D) 140º Q.1.9When two pigments of contrasting value are mixed, the most striking change observed is in (A) Hue Dimension (B) Occult rhythm (C)Occult Balance (D)None of the above Answer: Q.1.10 In meandering river the location of intake point for city water supply should be (A) On concave bank (B) On convex bank (C) Down stream point of waste water disposal (D) Middle of the river Answer: (A) On concave bank Location of intake. As far as possible the Intake should be near the treatment plant. The intake must be located in the purer zone of the source. The Intake must never be located at the downstream or in the vicinity of a point of disposal of waste water. The intake should never be located near navigation channels The intake site should be such that it will permit grater withdrawals of water, if required in the future. The intake must be- located at a place where it can draw water even during driest periods The intake site should be easily accessible even during floods and should not get flooded. In meandering rivers, the intake should not be located on curves as much as possible. Even if they have to be located on curves It should be located on the concave banks. Q.1.11 Number of common clay bricks required to make one cubic meter of brick masonry is (A) 350 (B) 420 (C) 500 (D) 550 Answer: (C) 500 No of bricks = = 500 bricks. For India, a brick of standard size 190 mm x 90 mm x 90 mm is recommended by the BIS. With mortar thickness, the size of such a brick becomes 200 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm and it is known as the nominal size of the modular brick. Thus the nominal size of brick includes the mortar thickness. Q.1.12 Sinking fund refers to (A) Reserve fund (B)Fund loss due to damage (C)Bad debts (D)Fund for underground construction Answer: (A) Reserve fund Sinking fund is an account that is used to deposit and save money to replace an asset in the future. Some amount of money is earmarked annually so that a fund is available to reerect the building after the life of building is over. Bad debt- a loan that cannot be recovered by the bank or any lending agency. Q.1.13 BASIC is a (A) Compiler (B) Hardware item (C) Interpreter (D) Plotter type Answer: (A) Compiler Q.1.14 Acidity of soil is indicated by (A) BOD (B) pH (C) GL (D) CLO  Answer: (B) pH Q.1.15 The unit measurement for space in urban society is (A) Family (B) Group of family (C) Community (D) Individual Answer: (A) Family Q.1.16 DIM in AutoCAD refers to (A) Dimension of array (B)Dimension of function(C)Brightness of visual screen (D)None of the above Answer: (B) Dimension of function Q.1.17 Sense of movement in a visual composition can be achieved by (A) Disturbing the visual balance (B) Placing elements in diagonal arrangement (C) Placing elements symmetrically (D) Overlapping elements Answer: (B) Placing elements in diagonal arrangement Movement- How the artist leads the viewer’s eye around the page Q.1.18 Minimum strength of cement mortar used in load bearing brick masonry is (A) 50 N/cm² (B) 60 N/cm² (C) 80 N/cm² (D) 100 N/cm² Answer: (D) 100 N/cm² Min Compressive Strength (IS Code) S. Item Min No Compressive Strength (N/mm²) 1 Mortar for brick 1 N/mm² Masonry  2 Brick 3.5 N/mm² 3 Plain Cement 15 N/mm² Concrete (PCC) 4 RCC 20 N/mm² Mortar (cement : sand ratio must not be less than 1:3 for any type of work) 1:3 – for repair work 1:4 – for external plaster / ceiling plaster 1:5 – for brick work/ internal plaster 1:6 – for plaster work when fine sand is available Q.1.19 If ‘P’ denotes the total population, the age dependency ratio is expressed as (A) (B) (C) (D) Answer: (D) Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) in India was last measured at 52.45 in 2015, according to the World Bank. Age dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents--people younger than 15 or older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64 Q.1.20 Concept of self supporting ‘Industrial Town’ was proposed by (A) Lewis Mumford (B) Henry Wright (C) Robert Owen (D) Ebenezer Howard Answer: (C) Robert Owen Q.1.21 Of the following types of forests, which one is least likely to be destroyed by fire (A) Deciduous forest (B) Coniferous forest (C) Rain forest (D) Broad leaf evergreen forest. Answer: (C) Rain forest Deciduous forest- loose the leaves seasonally Coniferous forest- vegetation composed primarily of cone-bearing needle-leaf Tropical rain forests grow around the equator in South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia. They have the highest species diversity per area in the world, containing millions of different species. The temperature is stable year-round, around 27°C. Most tropical forests receive at least 200 cm of rain in a year. Evergreen forest A forest in which there is no complete, seasonal loss of leaves (i.e. trees shed old leaves and produce new ones partially, and sometimes throughout the year, rather than during particular periods) Q.1.22 Workability of concrete mix with low water-cement ratio is determined by (A) Slump test (B) Tensile strength test (C) Flexural strength test (D) Compaction factor test Answer: (A) Slump test Slump test- Workability Tensile Strength test- for steel  Flexural Strength- adjoining figure is an example of Flexural test. Q.1.23 In hot dry climate the form and planning of settlement should be (A) High rise high density (B) Low rise high density (C) Low rise low density (D) High rise low density. Answer: (C) Low rise low density Characteristic of Urban Form as suggested by National Commission on Urbanization.(set