Media and Information Literacy PDF (STEM-12 Agricultural Biotechnology)

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY GRD SEM STEM - 12 AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWER S.Y 2024 - 2025 MONARES, JULIUS CEAZAR A....

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY GRD SEM STEM - 12 AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWER S.Y 2024 - 2025 MONARES, JULIUS CEAZAR A. 12 01 S.Y 2024 - 2025 The Influence of Media and Information to Communication Media Literacy Technology is defined as “the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create ➣ Planned and systematic method media”. From this, it can be concluded that media literacy aims to ➣ Product of science build active, rather than passive, consumers of media. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) According to William James Potter, Media literacy is a set of ➣ Broadest concept of technology perspectives that people actively use to expose themselves to Technology Integration mass media and interpret the meaning of the messages they ➣ Application of technology encounter. Education Technology Information Literacy ➣ Broadest concept in the whole educational media. is a set of abilities that require individuals to recognize when Educational Media information is needed and to locate, evaluate, and use it ➣ Instructional material. effectively (The Association of College and Research Libraries, Audio and Visual 2000). ➣ Hear and see. Technology Literacy Communication is the ability to responsibly use appropriate technology to is a process by which information is exchanged from sender to communicate, solve problems, access, manage, integrate, receiver through a common system of symbols, signs, or behaviors evaluate, design, and create information to improve learning in all resulting in interpretations of meaning on both ends. subject areas, and acquire lifelong knowledge and skills in the 21st century. The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or Media and Information Literacy using some other medium. is a “combination of knowledge, attitudes, skills, and practices required to access, analyze, evaluate, use, produce, and For communication to be effective, it must be clear, correct, communicate information and knowledge in creative, legal and complete, concise, and compassionate. ethical ways that respect human rights” (Moscow Declaration on Media and Information Literacy, 2012). Communication From Ancient to Modern Times ➣ Cave paintings are the oldest methods of communicating. some tips for a responsible use of media and information. ➣ Different signs and symbols were used to deliver messages 1. Ensure personal information safety through petroglyphs. 2. Get permission ➣ As early as the 1st century BCE, people start breeding messenger 3. Think before you click pigeons in Europe. 4. Keep your password safe ➣ SMS Message/Text Message 5. Spread positivity ➣ With the advancement of technology today, spreading information and communicating with family, friends, and other Empowering 21st Century Learners Through ICT Integration people have become easier and faster. (Television, Radio, Why communication is Important Cellphone, Laptop, etc.) ➣Communication Brings People Together, Closer To Each Other. Importance of Communication ➣Communication is an important management function closely ➣ Transferring ideas associated with all other managerial functions. ➣ For interacting with society ➣It bridges the gap between individuals and groups through the ➣ For Education flow of information and understanding between them. ➣To update yourself ➣ For Entertainment Manila, Philippines – Not one, not two, but 3 screens – that is how 8 Communication Process of 10 Filipinos consume media content these days, according to a David Berlo’s Model of Communication report released Monday, December 15, by Nielsen, a global information and insights company. Sender Message Channel Receiver Effect Communication Media ➣Communication plays a pivotal role in human development. ➣ as defined by UNESCO, refers to a source of credible and current Humans have always communicated with one another even information created through an editorial process determined by before traditional media were developed and made journalistic values, whereby editorial accountability can be communication easier and faster. attributed to a specific organization or a legal person. ➣The earliest known symbols, which are thought to be used in ➣ Media are the vehicle that carries messages from one person to communicating, are in the form of paintings on cave walls from another, or from one person to a group of large people. They serve about 30 000 BCE (Potter, 2010). Written records showed human as a channel that people use to send or receive information. language has been in existence around 5000 years ago. ➣The human race used writing to record their thoughts on a UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural surface, such as clay, parchment, and stones. These records were Organization preserved and enabled other generations of the human species to read them. Information ➣People continued to search for innovations to make their lives ➣ is a broad term that is derived from study, experiences, or easier, different technologies were developed including those used instructions. It can refer to any facts or details about a subject that in communication, such as the media. depict meanings to a person. 1 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS  MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY GRD SEM STEM - 12 AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWER S.Y 2024 - 2025 MONARES, JULIUS CEAZAR A. 12 01 S.Y 2024 - 2025 Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication Ethical vs Legal ➣People cannot be compelled to follow or to subscribe to all Sender Encoder Channel Decoder Receiver ethical behaviors, unlike with laws. It cannot be enforced. ➣Not all things legal are ethical, and vice versa. ➣Both laws and ethics are important aspects to sustain a stable Noise and harmonious society, applicable to all walks of life and professions. These two concepts are important in keeping stability, Feedback balance, and welfare in a society of diversity and differences. Dance’s Helical Model The Legal and Ethical Issues in Media and Information Depicts communication as an endless Privacy spiral of increasing complexity ➣as defined by Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, it is the “state of being alone or being away from public attention.” ➣Nowadays, almost any information is within public reach. ➣Examples of breach of privacy are personal information and wiretapped phone conversations. Accuracy Media as defined by Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, it is the “freedom from ➣The word media was derived from the Latin word medius, which mistake or error”. means “middle.” It is the plural of medium, which refers to the tool Plagiarism people use to mediate or facilitates the transfer of communication According to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, to plagiarize is to “use between a sender and a receiver. the words or ideas of another person as if they were your own ➣Media are commonly associated with television, radio, words or ideas.” newspaper, and the internet. Copyright ➣However, other platforms people use to communicate such as Copyright law protects your intellectual property (any creative phones, letters, books, and other also represent media. work fixed in a medium) ➣What many people perceive “media“ (i.e. television, radio, and newspaper) as mass media, a type of media used to reach a large Violating copyright law is called “copyright infringement” audience. Responsible Use of Media and Information Sender Be aware of emotions A sender, in the communication process, is the source of the Once you have sent it, there is no way to get the message back. message who may use a channel (medium) to send the message Take time to reflect on your feelings before anything that you may to a receiver or an audience. These receivers actively perform the regret; after all, no one wants to be “Internet famous” for the role of interpreting the messages they receive (Croteau and wrong thing. Hoynes, 2003). Don’t Plagiarize Literacy Taking writing from an outside source without giving proper credit is ➣ describes the ability to read and write. a form of plagiarism even if you found it on Facebook. It’s a crime! ➣ competence or knowledge in a specific area. (RA 10175) Cyber Crime Prevention Act of 2012 Legal RA 10175 or The Cybercrime Prevention Act, this act aims to regular of, based on, or concerned with the law. access to and use of the cyberspace and imposes penalties for violations. Law in a general perspective, it is a set of universally accepted rules, Crimes are categorized into three portions: accepted, and enforced within a certain territory or entity. a) Offenses Against Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability of Ex. Anti-Bullying Act of 2013” (Republic Act No. 10627 Computer Data and Systems: Ethics 1. Illegal Access ➣According to Britannica, it may refer to any philosophical theory 2. Illegal Interception of what is morally right and wrong or morally good and bad, and 3. Data Interference to any system or code of moral rules, principles, or values. 4. System Interference ➣a word derived from the Latin ethos meaning “character,” 5. Misuse of Devices defines how individuals prefer to interact with one another (Kumar, 6. Cyber-squatting n.d.). b) Computer-related Offenses: Ethical 1. Computer-related Forgery 1. Justice 2. Computer-related Fraud 2. Serving the Nation rightfully 3. Computer-related Identity Theft 3. Equality c) Content-related Offenses: 4. Honesty 1. Cyber Sex Unethical 2. Child Pornography (R.A. 9775, Anti-child Pornography Act of 1. Extrajudicial killings 2009) 2. Corruption 3. Unsolicited Commercial Communications 3. Discrimination 4. Libel 4. Deception 2 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS  MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY GRD SEM STEM - 12 AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWER S.Y 2024 - 2025 MONARES, JULIUS CEAZAR A. 12 01 S.Y 2024 - 2025 Know your sources Public Domain The use of sources in your work is one way of supporting your refers to creative materials that are not protected by intellectual arguments. This means that the sources you use as part of your list property laws such as copyright, trademark, or patent laws. The of references needs to be reliable and accurate. public owns these works, not an individual author or artist. Anyone Avoid sharing personal details can use a public domain work without obtaining permission, but no There are people online who would like to take advantage of your one can ever own it. trust. Do not publish personal information. Social media posts Internet Addiction cannot be completely deleted, and all information posted has its Internet addiction is defined as an unhealthy behavior that unintended consequences. Be responsible of what you share, post interferes with and causes stress in one’s personal, school, and/or and like on social media. Never share your phone number, address work life. or even yourwhereabouts. (Better to be safe than sorry) 5 Types of Internet Addiction Be mindful of the rules Cybersexual Addiction - Whenever you are using Facebook, YouTube, and other social Cyber sexual addiction to adult chat rooms or cyber porn. media sites, know their rules. Each of them has its rules for the users Cyber relationship Addiction to follow. Cyber relationship addiction to online friendships or affairs that The Three “Cardinal Sins” of Research Conduct replace real-life situations. Falsification Online Gambling is the act of manipulating research materials, equipment, or Net compulsions to online gambling, auctions, or obsessive trading processes, or changing or omitting data or results such that the Information Overload research is not accurately represented in the research record. Information overload to compulsive web surfing or databases Fabrication searches is the construction and/or addition of data, observations, or Computer Addiction characterizations that never occurred in the gathering of data or Computer addiction to game playing running of experiments. Cyberbullying Plagiarism Cyberbullying has become more rampant than the old one, for means representing the work of others as your own work, even if offenders can hide their identities and secure their anonymity on committed unintentionally. the internet, allowing them to strike their blows to their victims Common Types of Plagiarism without receiving a physical response. Direct Plagiarism Kinds of Cyberbullying is the word-for-word transcription of a section of someone else’s Harassment work, without attribution and without quotation marks. repeatedly sending a person offensive messages Self Plagiarism Cyberstalking occurs when a person submits his or her own previous work, or harassment that includes threats of harm. mixes parts of previous works, without permission from all authorities Denigration (put-downs) involved. sending or posting harmful, untrue, or cruel statements about a Mosaic Plagiarism person to other people. occurs when a person borrows phrases from a source without using Masquerade quotation marks, or finds synonyms for the author’s language while pretending to be someone else; and sending or posting material(s) keeping to the same general structure and meaning of the original. that portray(s) a person or entity negatively. Accidental Plagiarism Outing and Trickery occurs when a person neglects to cite their sources, or misquotes sending or posting material about a person that contains sensitive their sources, or unintentionally paraphrases a source by using information, including forwarding private messages or images. similar words, groups of words, and/or sentence structure without Exclusion attribution. actions that specifically and intentionally exclude a person from an online group. Definition of Terms Intellectual property (IP) Rights Broadcast Media are the rights awarded by society to individuals or organizations Broadcasting is a form of mass communication that utilizes radio principally over creative works: inventions, literary and artistic works, and television to transmit messages and programs via the airspace. and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce. Two forms of Broadcast Media Patent 1. Radio are grants made by national governments that give the creator of 2. Television an invention an exclusive right to use, sell or manufacture the invention. Airspace Means the part of the atmosphere where frequency bands are Trademark available to transmit messages to and from broadcast devices. can be a name, word, slogan, design, symbol or other unique The utilization of airspace is a big development in media device that identifies a product or organization. technology which introduced a new form of communication. Infringement People are now able to send messages to a large number of It is also known as violation of IP rights. people in real time. Fair Use Producers of media content no longer need to deliver their refers to creative materials that are not protected by intellectual products (e.g. books, newspaper, etc.) to physical stores, such property laws such as copyright, trademark, or patent laws. as books stores and newsstands. 3 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS  MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY GRD SEM STEM - 12 AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWER S.Y 2024 - 2025 MONARES, JULIUS CEAZAR A. 12 01 S.Y 2024 - 2025 Broadcast Journalist Gutenberg Press (1440) measure stories in minutes and seconds. They boil issues down to In Germany, around 1440, Johannes Gutenberg invented the their basics and write it as concise as possible. A news story with movable-type printing press. compelling audio or video becomes more newsworthy than one Francis Bacon without-no matter how well written that news is. Father of Empiricism DZRH once regarded printing as one of three inventions that The oldest radio station in the country which first signed in as KZRH “changed the whole face and state of things throughout the in 1939. world” Philippine Broadcasting Service Sumerians A government-owned radio broadcasting company, is known to Ancient Style of Writing be the pioneer for development broadcasting with its broad news Cuneiform and public affairs program. Mesopotamia (Iraq) Television Books The television became the major entertainment and information Contain almost any kind of information. A book can be a novel, an medium of the public, resulting to a decrease in movie instructional material, an anthology of creative works, etc. attendances, radio listenership, and newspaper readership. Newspaper Ethics A newspaper is a lightweight, serial publication which comes a word derived from the Latin ethos meaning “character,” defines outregularly (daily, weekly, or monthly), and contains news on how individuals prefer to interact with one another. current events of special or general interest. Law First Newspaper is a set of universally accepted rules, accepted and enforced Appeared in Germany, France and Belgium within a certain territory or entity. set up newspaper publishing houses and home distribution systems. RA 10175 – Cyber Crime Prevention Act of 2012 RA 9775 – Anti-Child Pornography Act Londons Daily Courant RA 8293 – Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines was the first daily Newspaper RA 9995 – Anti-Photo & Video Voyeurism Act mass circulation media began in 1833 with the first “penny RA 8792 – E-Commerce Act of 2002 press” newspaper, The Sun. RA 8484 – Access Devices Regulation Act RA 9239 – Optical Media Act The first modern newspapers started in print size, until it grew into RA 4200 – Anti-wire Tapping Law what it came to be called broadsheet, which measures six columns wide and 22/24 inches long. Copyright – Literary and Artistic Works Patent – Inventions Most Prominent Local Broadsheet Trademark – Goods and Services Manila Bulletin Industrial Design – Appearance of the product Philippine Daily Inquirer Types of Media The Philippine Star Print Media This is the printed version of news, primarily from newspaper and Tabloid magazine and other publications. half the size of a broadsheet. Print news is considered tangible information structured to be There are 23 tabloid newspaper in the country, such as Abante, reread. Peoples Journal, Pilipino Star Ngayon, and Inquirer Libre. It provides a level of depth, context and information that television and radio cannot supply. Magazine Aim to entertain, inform, or advertise. Ti-Pao (Government Gazette) type of publication in imperial China Edward Cave these were “palace reports or imperial bulletins” distributed by publisher of Gentleman’s Magazine, invented the term the government and intended for bureaucrats. “magazine” from the Arabic word makhazin, which means “storehouse.” Acta Diurna (Daily Events) The Evolution of Traditional to New Media Carved on stone or metal, which were regularly posted in the Prehistoric Age Roman Forum. The prehistoric age is about a million years ago before writing Containing an officially authorized narrative of noteworthy was developed and the use of technology began. events at Rome. The early hominids used stone tools as part of their daily The origin of the Acta is attributed to Julius Caesar, who first activities such as in hunting and gathering. ordered the keeping and publishing of the acts of the people Some important factors are the development of human by public officers. behavior and the brain. The Acta were drawn up from day to day, and exposed in a The homo sapiens as the early humans were capable of public place on a whitened board called an Album. After conceptualization, abstract thought, communication, remaining there for a reasonable time they were taken down reflection, and providing solutions to the problems they and preserved with other public documents, so that they might encountered during that time specifically in terms of media and be available for purposes of research. information. 4 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS  MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY GRD SEM STEM - 12 AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWER S.Y 2024 - 2025 MONARES, JULIUS CEAZAR A. 12 01 S.Y 2024 - 2025 Prehistoric Newspaper Cave Paintings 1605 38,000 BCE Newspaper is a serial publication containing news about Cave paintings are painted drawings on cave walls or ceilings, current events, other informative articles about politics, sports, mainly of prehistoric origin. arts, and so on, and advertising. Stone Tablets Magazine 30,000 BCE 1731 In recent centuries the tablets have been popularly described Magazine is a publication, usually a periodical publication, and depicted as round-topped rectangles but this has little which is printed or electronically published. basis in religious tradition. Photography Rock Carving 1826 30,000 BCE Photography is the science, art, application and practice of Rock carving is an activity where pieces of rough natural stone creating durable images by recording light. are shaped by the controlled removal of stone. Morse Code Egyptian Hieroglyphs 1835 1,559 BCE Morse code is a method of transmitting text information as a Were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt. It series of on-off tones, lights, or clicks that can be directly combined logographic, syllabic and alphabetic elements, with understood by a skilled listener or observer without special a total of some 1,000 distinct character. equipment. Body Art Telegraph 1,558 BCE 1843 Tattooing is basically a body art, through which people Telegraph is the long-distance transmission of textual or accentuate and enhance the look of the body. symbolic messages. Body Art makes some record of major historical events. Typewriter Smoke Signal 1874 200 BCE Typewriter is a mechanical or electromechanical machine for Smoke signal is one of the oldest form of long distance writing characters similar to those produced by printer’s communication. movable type. Writing Materials Telephone 150 BCE 1876 Ancient writers wrote on a variety of other materials besides Telephone is a telecommunications device that permits two or papyrus, including pottery, animal hides, wood, and even more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far ancient paper. apart to be heard directly. Traditional Paper Phonograph 100 BCE 1877 Traditional paper is a “wood” like material primarily used for Phonograph is a device for the mechanical recording and writing, first invented in ancient China. reproduction of sound. Industrial Age Electronic Age Industrial Age (1700s - 1930s) The electronic age started when electronic devices like The Industrial age is a period when changes occur during computers were used. industrial revolution and brought in economical and societal The creation of the transistor piloted the rise of the electronic changes. age. This began in Great Britain during 1760. This period is defined by Man applied the power of transistors that were used in radio, the substitution of handy tools with electrical machines like the electronic circuits, and the early computers. In this period, powerloom and the steam engine. people make use of air access of communication. Some samples of the forms of media during industrial age are the Radio following: 1895 Printing press (1900) Radio is the technology of using radio waves to carry Newspaper (1740) information, such as sound, by systematically modulating Typewriter (1800) properties of electromagnetic energy waves transmitted Telephone (1876) through space. Photography Television Motion picture projection (1913) 1927 Motion picture with sound (1926) Television is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting Telegraph moving images in monochrome (black-and-white), or in color, Punch Card. and in two or three dimensions and sound. Printing Press Personal Computer 1440 1965 Printing press is a device for applying pressure to an inked Personal computer or PC is a multi-purpose electronic surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), computer whose size, capabilities, and price make it feasible thereby transferring the ink. for individual use. 5 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS  MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY GRD SEM STEM - 12 AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWER S.Y 2024 - 2025 MONARES, JULIUS CEAZAR A. 12 01 S.Y 2024 - 2025 The First Computer Friendster Early computers were actually people, not machines -- it was a job Friendster was a social network game based in Mountain View, title. The word dates back to 1613. "Computers" performed California, founded by Jonathan Abrams and launched in March complex calculations; they were mathematicians and 2003. bookkeepers. Before Friendster was redesigned, the service allowed users to The first computer, that we know about, is the Antikythera contact other members, maintain those contacts, and share online mechanism (200 BC -- 70 BC). It is an ancient-Geek, hand-powered content and media with those contacts. mechanical device. Archeologists believe it was used to calculate eclipses and other astronomical events. The website was also used for dating and discovering new events, Charles Babbage bands and hobbies. Users could share videos, photos, messages, Charles Babbage, an English polymath, is often thought of as and comments with other members via profiles and networks. It is "the man who invented computers.” From 1822 until his death in considered one of the original social networks. 1871, he designed three computers, but never actually Definition of Terms constructed any of them due to lack of funding. Traditional Copyright Between 1847--1849 Babbage created drawings for the Work cannot be used, adapted, copied, or published without the Difference Engine No. 2, a second "computer". Finally, In 1991, creator's permission. the British Science museum constructed the design from Babbage's original plans. Amazingly, it worked! It took six years Application to build, weighs 4535.92kg (five short tons), measures 2.1 m, All original work is protected under copyright when it's created. 3.4m, 0.5m (6'11" x 11'2" x 1'8") , and has 800 parts. The Analytical Engine, a later Babbage computer design, Creative Commons Work may be used without permission, but only under certain would have had a whopping 675 bytes of memory! He named circumstances. Creators set rules for the way their work is used. the CPU = The Mill" and the memory "the store.” E-mail Application 1972 Only work that creators have chosen to designate as Creative Email also known as electronic mail is a method of exchanging Commons messages between people using electronics. Public Domain Mobile Phones Work can be used, adapted, copied, and published, completely 1979 without restrictions, no permission needed. Mobile phone is a portable telephone that can make and receive calls over a radio frequency link while the user is moving Application within a telephone service area. Work published prior to 1923, work by long-dead creators, and work that creators have placed in the Public Domain. New Information Age (1900s - 2000s) Attribution The new information age, also known as digital age, is a period You must credit the creator. in human society defined by the replacement of conventional Non-Commercial industry to worldwide web or through website with the use of You can't make a profit. internet connection. Men innovated the use of microelectronics with the No Derivative Works emergence of personal computer, laptops, net books mobile You can't change the content. phones, and wearable technology. Also, voice messages, and Share Alike video calls are used this time in communication. You can change the content, but you have to let other people Smartphones use your new work with the same license as the original. 1999 Netiquette Smart phone is a mobile personal computer with a mobile is a set of rules for behaving properly online. operating system with features useful for mobile or handheld Digital Footprint use. is any data record of the things you do online. Anything in the internet with your name creates a trail of data Social Media about you. 2004 Social media are websites and applications that enable users Data Privacy Act of 2012 to create and share content or to participate in social It is the policy of the State to protect the fundamental human networking. right of privacy, of communication while ensuring free flow of information to promote innovation and growth. First video ever uploaded to Youtube Digital Divide digital inequality or gap between groups in terms of “Me at the zoo" is the first ever video uploaded to YouTube, on knowledge, usage, and access to ICT due to circumstances like April 23, 2005, The 19-second video features YouTube's co-founder location, income and age Jawed Karim, who was 25 years old at the time, in front of two elephants at the San Diego Zoo in California, noting their long trunks. 6 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS