PDE Lecture for NSTP Students - October 2024

Safeguard the Youth, Prevent Substance Use FRANCIS GRACE H. DUKA-PANTE Director, ASEAN Training Center for Preventive Drug Education Health Education Faculty, UP Diliman College of Education preencoded.png Our Session Objectives de...

Safeguard the Youth, Prevent Substance Use FRANCIS GRACE H. DUKA-PANTE Director, ASEAN Training Center for Preventive Drug Education Health Education Faculty, UP Diliman College of Education preencoded.png Our Session Objectives de basic terms related to drug education re the principles of Prevention Science im strategies to become a prevention influencer Let us do the shakedown activity… Drug education works! preencoded.png Palaging Nagpapasalamat sa Blessings Depressed, Bored, at Pagod Busy Pero Inspired  ASEAN Training Center for Preventive Drug Education University of the Philippines College of Education Diliman, Quezon City  Establishment: 4th Meeting of ASEAN Drug Experts, 1979 Vision: Unified action for a Drug-free ASEAN ASEAN Training Center Mission: for Preventive Drug Education promote and protect the well-being of children and youth from the University of the Philippines onslaught of drugs through vigorous College of Education and unified preventive drug Diliman, Quezon City education program 292 2024)  Youth and Substance Use Prevention acquiring the, promises and panaceas. preencoded.png preencoded.png preencoded.png preencoded.png preencoded.png preencoded.png preencoded.png preencoded.png Instead of… Use… Because… addict person who uses person- first language drugs/substances user shows that person “has” a problem rather that “is” the problem substance/ drug abuser person with avoid negative association, punitive substance use attitude and individual blame junkie disorder Fuderanan, C. (2021) Effective communication skills. Powerpoint presentation. preencoded.png preencoded.png preencoded.png preencoded.png preencoded.png preencoded.png preencoded.png  Remember: Prevention influencers are both knowledgeable and skilled. preencoded.png  Why are adolescents more vulnerable to risky behaviorssuch as substance use? during major transitions: elementary to high school junior to senior high school senior high school to college/work Eye Break https://h6s5v4p8.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Tulips-Netherlands-Most-Beautiful-Places-in-the-world.jpg  Drug vs Medicine Drug Medicine Nature any chemical agent that -a drug with alters the biochemical or curative properties physiological processes of tissues of organisms Effect can produce a positive or -positive effect negative health when correctly consequence taken Medicine Misuse vs Abuse MISUSE ABUSE use of a medicine for a purpose that is use of medicine that is not not consistent with medical guidelines prescribed to “feel high” or to chase (ex. not following the doctor’s a euphoric feeling prescription) Signs: Sign: taking too much ongoing and compulsive use taking for reasons other than the despite negative consequences reason they were prescribed stopping a medication accepting prescription medication from a friend  Updated Info Substance use the use of psychoactive substances including tobacco and alcohol, the illegal drugs of abuse, inhalants and other nonmedical use of prescription medications  Substance-related Disorder cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance-related issues  Updated Info Substance Use Disorder (SUD) a chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive substance seeking and use, despite harmful consequences  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5 edition th Does not use drug addiction or dependence but rather it refers to problematic use of drugs as SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER or as a SUBSTANCE-INDUCED DISORDER  Remember Today, the official language for describing use, abuse, and addiction is viewed as substance use disorders (SUDs) with a continuum of severity.  Poverty Social Macro-Level Environment Environments Physical Environment Personal Beliefs Characteristics Attitudes Behaviors Family Micro-Level Peers Environments School Workplace Adapted from the UPC (2014), Colombo Plan Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1985) Substance use disorders contribute significantly to: global illness disability death  General Effects of Psychoactive Substances Short-term Long-term changes in appetite heart or lung disease wakefulness/drowsiness cancer change in respiratory and heart rate mental illness change in mood HIV/AIDS slowed reaction time/reflexes hepatitis nausea and vomiting physical/psychological dependence hallucination memory loss decreased motor coordination brain damage malnutrition can lead to substance use disorder *depends on the type of substance, duration, and frequency of use  Remember: 1. More drug equals more risk. 2. Younger ageacquiring equals more the pressures, promises risk. and panaceas. 3. Places, time, and activities influence risk 4. The reasons are important. iMinds (2016). Centre for Addictions Research of BC. 22 Risk Factors for Youth Drug Use 1 Genetic Predisposition 2 Trauma and Adverse Childhood Experiences Certain genetic factors can increase the likelihood of Stressful or traumatic life events substance abuse, highlighting the can lead young people to turn to need for early intervention and drugs as a coping mechanism. support. 3 Negative Peer Influence 4 Mental Health Challenges The desire to fit in and belong to Underlying mental health issues, a social group can drive youth to such as depression or anxiety, experiment with drugs, even can increase the risk of substance against their better judgment. abuse. preencoded.png Protective Factors and Resilience Strong Family Bonds Positive Peer Connections Nurturing and supportive family relationships can provide a buffer Engaging with peers who model healthy behaviors and make positive against the lure of drugs and foster resilience in young people. choices can help youth resist the temptation of substance abuse. Academic Achievement Access to Mental Health Support Excelling in school and extracurricular activities can give young people Providing young people with the resources and tools to address mental a sense of purpose and accomplishment, reducing their vulnerability to health issues can significantly reduce their risk of substance abuse. drug use. preencoded.png Stop Substance Use: The Finger Model of Protective Factors Domains  Risk Factors Protective Factors genetic predisposition to healthy development drug use (40-60%) especially during childhood immature prefrontal well-developed prefrontal cortex/brain functioning cortex/brain functioning insecure attachment attachment to family lack of life skills well-developed life skills Risk Factors Protective Factors poor parental authoritative, supportive and supervision and caring/loving parents discipline parental drug use drug-free parents and family members family conflict and healthy family relationship with domestic violence strong values and consistent rules isolation/lack of social access to support networks networks Risk Factors Protective Factors peers’ positive attitude peers’ negative attitude toward drug use toward drug use negative peer group positive peer pressure influence ties to deviant peers ties to model peers Risk Factors Protective Factors school failure academic achievement bullying positive school climate poor attachment to sense of belonging/bonding school Risk Factors Protective Factors poor and violent healthy neighborhood neighborhood lack of support services access to support services social or cultural engagement in community discrimination activities Education for drug use prevention in schools educational programs, policies, procedures and other experiences that contribute to the achievement of broader health goals of preventing drug use and abuse. formal and informal health curricula Pag safe and healthy school environment e 76 appropriate health services and support involvement of the family and the community in the planning and delivery of programs  Evidence- based positive health message no to scare tactics comprehensive and interactive What WORKS What DOES NOT Work comprehensive prevention fear arousal program information on specific substances integrates coping, personal focus only on self-esteem/ emotional and social skills education interactive activities one-time big time drug lecture structured series of sessions unstructured and non-interactive involves all stakeholders sessions provides booster sessions use of testimonials of former drug delivered by trained users teachers Recommended Strategies Level Recommended Strategies values-based strategies College abstinence box commitment/making a stand activity root cause analysis (problem tree and solution tree) case studies role play life skills enhancement exercises  PICTURE THIS What surprises you about the picture? What links you to the picture? https://i.pinimg.com/736x/24/c4/e2/24c4e2a5684473bf704555a3a0b9e317--book-jacket-reduce-weight.jpg  ‘’WHAT IF…’’ …we have a drug-free world?.  CONC Drug use has nothing to do with people.  FORCED drug use and mirror ABSTINENCE BOX  CONTENT PROCESS LACK OF STRUCTURE OUTDATED INEFFECTIVE STRATEGIES INFORMATION What are the challenges in effectively delivering Drug Education? LACK OF SKILLED LACK OF INTEREST EDUCATORS TO LEARN LACK OF TEACHING TOO MANY DISTRACTIONS MATERIALS LEARNER’S RESOURCES MOTIVATION  Personal, family, and societal costs SUBSTANCE USE Personal Factors Environmental Factors Genetics Poor literacy skills Lack of role models Negative peer influence Let’s try Facial Gymnastics Wiggle eyebrows up and down as fast as you can. Stretch them as high as you can. Then try to raise one eyebrow at a time. Then switch back and forth between a smile and frown.  Decision-making Skills Assertiveness Skills Resistance/Refusal Skills Steps to Assertive Action You might say: 1. State your When you (did, gave, said, forgot…) Obser- vation. 2. Te l the person how it I was (angry, disappointed, made you upset, hurt…) Feel without blaming. 3. Express your Need. In that situation, I need to ………. 4. State your Request. So please….  Basic Rule: Stay away from situations where you can be tempted.  Maintain eye contact and say no firmly. Match verbal with non-verbal signals in refusing the offer. Use the broken record technique. Use the cold shoulder approach. Give reasons or excuses. Give healthful alternatives.  You Matter in Prevention help shape attitude towards responsible behavior support appropriate prosocial roles and reinforce positive behaviors learned at home/community provide an opportunity to instill strong values and empower people  YOU CAN Do More Integrate PDE into your agenda. Collaborate with other stakeholders doing PDE. Advocate for PDE through various initiatives. Best Prevention Practices Page 95  Best Prevention Practices Students’ Pledge Instagram & Facebook #nodrugsatall Best Prevention Practices Page 97 Best Prevention Practices Page 98  for PDE teachers and for students. For Page 99 preencoded.png preencoded.png Abdulmaula, Normeliza (2021) preencoded.png  preencoded.png Gaba, John Roland (2021) Mengua, Vina Naomi (2021) preencoded.png preencoded.png  STAY DRUG-FREE Kristiana Gloria Fabria When you think there’s nothing you can do I just hope that you would choose you Cause we can be what we wanna be, and you know that We can do that by staying drug-free Woah, oh, oh, yeah, yeah (3x) We can do that by staying drug-free Verse Move your body, tell me again What’s your hobby? Everybody, listen up Cause this one’s for you Stop with the stressing, second-guessing Educate yourself Look for that someone, you can just hold on And love yourself Stand with the left hand outstretched, palm up. Swing the right arm in a circle and clap the outstretched hand while saying, “I will commit to a healthy and drug-free life.” Repeat three times. What is your most important learning from the presentation? So what did this presentation make you realize? Now what do you plan to do to be a prevention influencer? Colombo Plan Drug Advisory Programme (2022). Course 81: Engaging youth in prevention, Trainer Manual. Colombo Plan Drug Advisory Programme (2014). Universal prevention curriculum on substance use prevention. Dangerous Drugs Board. Preventive Education, Training and Information Division. Life Skills Training Dangerous Drugs Board (2020). 2019 Drug Survey. UNODC (2024). World Drug Report.