Tests for training of «Propedeutics of Children Diseases-1» discipline PDF

**Tests for training of «Propedeutics of Children Diseases-1» discipline** **1.\*! Name when meconium most often passes in a newborn** **\*in the first 12 hours** **\*in the first day** **\*after 48 hours** **\*up to 60 hours** **\*sometimes up to 72 hours** **2.\*!As the child grows, the gla...

**Tests for training of «Propedeutics of Children Diseases-1» discipline** **1.\*! Name when meconium most often passes in a newborn** **\*in the first 12 hours** **\*in the first day** **\*after 48 hours** **\*up to 60 hours** **\*sometimes up to 72 hours** **2.\*!As the child grows, the glands of the gastric mucosa are formed and increase in size:** **\*5 times** **\*10 times** **\*15 times** **\*20 times** **\*25 times** **3\*!Bish\'s lumps in young children** **\*protein reserve** **\*fatty liver dystrophy** **\*fat deposits on the abdomen** **\*giant Gaucher fat cells** **\*fat deposits in the thickness of the cheeks** **4. \*!In a newborn, a slightly acidic reaction in the stomach is maintained by acid** **\*ascorbic** **\*lactic** **\*hydrochloric** **\*nitric** **\*sulfuric** **5. \*!The gallbladder of young children contains** **\*a large amount of taurocholic acid** **\*a large amount of glycocholic acid** **\*a large amount of cholesterol** **\*a small amount of mucin** **\*calcium salts** **6. \*!At what age does the lipase level reach the adult level?** **\*8 years** **\*10 years** **\*12 years** **\*14 years** **\*17 years** **7. \*!Lipase in breast milk promotes the absorption of** **\*protein** **\*fats** **\*vitamin D** **\*beta-lactose** **\*alpha-lactose** **8. \*Newborns have a large secretion of saliva:** **\* 1 - 2 months** **\* 3 - 4 months** **\* 4 - 5 months** **\* 6 - 7 months** **\* 12 months** **9. In a baby, the intestinal flora predominates** **\* bifidobacteria** **\* acidophilus bacilli** **\* E. coli** **\* enterococci** **\* Klebsiella** **10. The largest gland in a child\'s body** **\* pancreas** **\* saliva** **\* pituitary gland** **\* liver** **\* parotid** **11.** \*! Newborn 3-4 days old, no complaints at the time of examination. Satisfactory condition. Normally, a newborn on the 3-4th day shows a change in the chemical composition of urine: \* increased chlorides \* increased phosphates \* **increased uric acid salts** \* increased protein \* increased milk sugar **12.** \*! Girl L, 4th day of life. No complaints. Satisfactory condition. urine analysis was done: quantity -- 10.0, specific gravity 1004, pH-5 (neutral), transparent, light yellow, bilirubin-neg, urobilinogens, ketones, protein-neg, leukocytes-neg, nitrites-neg. Relative density of urine of a newborn is normal: \*1000 \***1002-1004** \*1010-1015 \*1015-1020 \*above 1025 13\. \*!Newborn child is 1 day old, no complaints. Condition is satisfactorily. Complete blood count was done: Hb- 141 g/l, leukocytes. - 20 x10\*9/l, erythrocytes - 5.0x10\*12 /l, CI - 0.8, hematocrit - 42%, platelets - 180 /l, ESR - 4 mm/hour The number of leukocytes at birth is normal: \*4-5×109 \*5-7×109 \*7-10×109 \***10-20×109** \*20-30×109 14.\*!The morphological features of the kidney of a newborn include: \***weak vascularization** \*lobular parenchyma \*well-developed cortex \*insufficiently developed medulla \*well-developed connective tissue 15\. \*!The functional features of the kidneys include \*well-developed secretion \*well-developed filtration capacity \***poorly developed filtration capacity** \*well developed concentration capacity \*high sensitivity to antidiuretic hormone 16.\*!The value of glomerular filtration reaches the level of adults by: \*6 months of life \*1 year \*2 years \*4 years \***5 years** 17\. \*!The filtration capacity of the kidneys in children: \***lower than in adults** \*decreases with age \*the same as in adults \*does not increase with age \*reaches the level of adults by 9 years 18.\*!Features of the renal pelvis in young children: \*located extrarenally \*appear after 1 year \*located intrarenally \*have a well-developed muscle layer \***have well-developed elastic fibers** 19.\*!Formula for the eruption of milk teeth teeth \***n-4** \*2n-4 \*3n-15 \*4n-20 \*5n-20 **20.\*!Bone age is established on the basis of an X-ray examination of the bones** **\*ribs** **\*skull** **\*hands** **\*spine** **\*tubular bones** **21. \*!Physiological jaundice is caused by** **\*hemolytic anemia** **\*swelling of the skin** **\*predominance of cellular elements** **\*physiological destruction of erythrocytes** **\*blockage of the excretory ducts of the sweat glands** **22.\*!Brown adipose tissue in infants differs from white** **\*not involved in thermogenesis** **\*lower energy value** **\*high mitochondria content** **\*unsaturated fatty acid content** **\*participation in the oxidation-reduction reaction** **23.\*! Name the features of the child\'s skeleton** **\*large thickness of the periosteum** **\*pronounced bone protrusions** **\*thin periosteum** **\*bone protrusions are well expressed** **\*low functional activity of the periosteum** **24.\*!The muscular system of a newborn child is characterized by** **\*predominance of hypertonicity of the flexor muscles** **\*predominance of hypertonicity of the extensor muscles** **\*diffuse muscle relaxation during sleep** **\*during sleep, muscles relax selectively** **\*increased electrical excitability** **25.\*!The tendency to cooling and overheating in infants is associated with** **\*insufficient blood supply to the skin** **\*imperfect thermoregulation** **\*good development of sweat glands** **\*thin epidermis** **\*hydrophilicity** **26.\*!Less fragility of bones in young children is due to** **\*high content of dense substances** **\*high content calcium** **\*lower calcium content** **\*higher water content** **\*dense bone structure** **27. \*!Which of this bone tissue is formed by chondral osteogenesis** **\*diaphyses of tubular bones** **\*diaphyses of clavicles** **\*lower jaw** **\*flat bones** **\*vault of the skull** **28.\*! The ribs in newborns are attached to the sternum:** **\*radially** **\*horizontally** **\*at an acute angle** **\*at an obtuse angle** **\*vertically** 29.\*! Name the reasons for a more frequent pulse in children \* the child\'s transition to a vertical position \* intensive metabolism \* **active motor activity** \* early development of vagal innervation \* incomplete process of tissue differentiation of the myocardium 30.\*! When does the anatomical closure of the arterial duct occur in most children \* **by birth** \* during the neonatal period \* by 2 months of life \* in the first half of life \* by the end of the first year of life 31.\*! Name the reasons for the shunt through the oval window to stop functioning \* increased pressure in the superior vena cava \* increased resistance in the pulmonary bed \* **increased blood flow to the right atrium** \* increased blood flow to the left atrium \* increased pressure in the inferior vena cava 32.\*! Name the reasons in which ages, blood pressure increases most rapidly in children \* in the neonatal period \* in infancy \* in preschool \* at 8-9 years old \* **in puberty** 33.\*! What is the blood pressure in the lower extremities compared to the upper extremities \* 20-30% lower \* **20-30% higher** \* 20-30 mm Hg lower \* 20-30 mm Hg higher \* the same 34\. \*! Shape of the newborn\'s heart \* oval \* bean-shaped \* pear-shaped \* **spherical** \* horseshoe-shaped 35.\*! Heart rate in a newborn \*90 \*100 \***130** \*140 \*200 36.\*! Heart rate in a 5 year old child per 1 minute \*60 \*80 \***100** \*120 \*140 37.\*! Blood pressure (mm Hg) in children over 1 year old is calculated by the formula \*60+2n \*90+n \***90+2n** \*100+n \*110+ n 38.\*!Functional nature of systolic murmur \***occupies the beginning of systole** \*does not change after exercise \*increases in a vertical position \*is carried out on the vessels of the neck \*accompanied by a \"cat purr\" 39.\*! Physiological tachycardia in a newborn is associated with \***sympathicotonia** \*immaturity of myocardiocytes \*large volume of heart cavities \*reduced systolic ejection \*low hemoglobin content in the blood 40.\*! Low blood pressure in young children is due to \*low stroke volume of the heart \***low volume of circulating blood** \*high resistance of peripheral vessels \*narrow lumen of the vessels of the pulmonary circulation \*expansion of the boundaries of relative cardiac dullness to the right 41\. \*!Intrauterine formation of the interventricular septum occurs at \*2 weeks \*3 weeks \***4 weeks** \*5 weeks \*12 weeks 42.\*! Size of the heart in a newborn \*relatively smaller than in an adult \*occupies a relatively smaller volume of the chest \***the right and left ventricles in a newborn are approximately the same** \*has a pear-shaped form \*up to 15-16 years its mass increases 5 times 43.\*! Differentiation of the parts of the heart ends by \*1-4 years \*6-9 years \*9-10 years \***10-14 years** \*15-18 years 44.\*! \*!Percussion is: \*collection of complaints \*palpation \*collection of anamnesis \*analysis of sounds during auscultation \***analysis of sounds during percussion** 45\. \*! Spirometry can be used to measure \*functional residual capacity \*tidal volume \***residual volume** \*bronchial capacity \*lung capacity 46\. \*! Spirografy is used to examine \***external respiration** \*condition of the bronchial mucosa \*layer-by-layer examination of lung tissue \*presence of bronchiectasis, caverns, tumors \*condition of bronchial conductivity, resistance to air flow 47\. \*!An objective examination of the patient begins with \***examination of the skin** \*determination of the condition of the lymph nodes \*determination of anthropometric indicators \*measurement of blood pressure and pulse \*determination of peripheral edema 48.\*!Functions of the skin in newborns \***respiratory** \*sensory \*cooling \*secretory \*hematopoietic 49\. \*!Feature of skin cells in newborns \*complete formation of melanin \*absence of keratohyalin \***predominance of connective tissue** \*the stratum corneum consists of 5-6 layers \*approaches the structure of the skin of an adult 50.\*!Physiological jaundice is caused by \*hemolytic anemia \*edema of the skin \*predominance of cellular elements \***physiological destruction of erythrocytes** \*blockage of the excretory ducts of the sweat glands 51.\*!Transparency and pink color of the skin in a newborn is due to the absence of \*tyrosine \***bilirubin** \*stercobilin \*keratohyalin \*phenylalanine 52.\*!Weakness of the thermoregulatory function in newborns is caused by \*mild granular layer of the epidermis \*good functioning of the sweat glands \***immaturity of the thermoregulatory center** \*larger relative to the surface of the body \*weakly expressed basal layer 53.\*!Location for determining the thickness of the fat layer \*near the navel \*upper third of the thigh \***under the angles of the shoulder blades** \*back of the hand \*outer surface of the thighs 54.\*! The abundance of fluffy hair (lanugo) in a newborn is an indicator of: \* intrauterine hypotrophy \* **prematurity** \* full-term \* postmaturity \* congenital skin pathology 55.\*! Hemoglobin content (g/l) in a child aged 1-12 months \*90-110 \*100-140 \***110-130** \*160-180 \*180-240 56.\*!Lifespan of red blood cells in newborns \*6 days \***12 days** \*18 days \*24 days \*100 days 57.\*!By the time of birth, hematopoiesis occurs \*in the liver \*in the spleen \***in the bone marrow** \*in the lymph nodes \*in all of the listed organs 58.\*!The second crossing in the leukocyte formula of blood in children is noted at the age of \*4-5 months \*2-3 years \***4-5 years** \*6-8 years \*10 years 59.\*!Time of occurrence of lymphopoiesis during intrauterine development \*1st month \*2nd month \*3rd month \***4th month** \*5th month 60\. \*! When stroking the cheek near the corners of the mouth, the child\'s head turns towards the irritation, the child opens his mouth, stretches his lips. This is a reflex: \***Kussmaul-Henzler** \*Robinson \* Babkin \* Moro \* sucking