PBSci3a Module 1.pdf

MODULE 1 PBSCI3a THE CELL CELL MEMBRANE SQUAMOUS CELL Also known as the Plasma Membrane are large, thin, flat and contain a Semi-permeable / selective membrane...

MODULE 1 PBSCI3a THE CELL CELL MEMBRANE SQUAMOUS CELL Also known as the Plasma Membrane are large, thin, flat and contain a Semi-permeable / selective membrane rounded nucleus Plays a role in the production of assembly of the cell wall or capsule among plants and some FUNCTIONS: microorganisms Common where absorption or transport of materials is Composed of: important. 55% proteins Play a role on diffusion, osmosis 25% phospholipids and filtration. 13% cholesterol Important in the kidney, in the 3% carbohydrates alveoli of the lungs and in the 4% other lipids walls of capillaries Function: Regulates materials entering and exiting the cell. Structure: Two layers of phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates, cholesterol. University of San Agustin - Iloilo City College of Pharmacy and Medical Technology - Pharmacy Department  PBSci3a: Module 1 NUCLEUS NUCLEOLUS FUNCTION: FUNCTION: Regulates DNA & RNA actions Assembles Ribosomes Control Center of the Cell Site of Ribosomal biogenesis TRANSPORT SYSTEMS ACROSS THE MEMBRANE Dialysis Diffusion Osmosis Hydrolysis Surface Tension DIFFUSION The process of movement of molecules under a concentration gradient. The molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration until the concentration becomes equal throughout Rate of diffusion= # of diffusing molecules passing through the membrane per unit time.FACTORS: Magnitude of the Concentration Difference Size & Shape Temperature University of San Agustin - Iloilo City College of Pharmacy and Medical Technology - Pharmacy Department  PBSci3a: Module 1 OSMOSIS It is the movement of SOLVENT molecules from the region of lower concentration to the region of higher concentration through a semipermeable membrane. Movement stops when the two solutions reach equal concentration or when pressure is applied to the liquid on the stronger solution side of the membrane DIALYSIS Separation of molecules on the basis of size by their ability to diffuse through a semi-permeable membrane Separate small solutes from larger solutes Usually does not allow proteins to pass through DIALYSIS SET-UP University of San Agustin - Iloilo City College of Pharmacy and Medical Technology - Pharmacy Department  Test for Dialysate Test for Chlorides Test for Peptide Bonds Biuret test / Piotrowski's test AgNo3 + NaCl - gives a positive result for compounds that contains 2 or more peptide bonds - white ppt of AgCl - Rose - violet - purple Note: The deeper the color = more peptide bonds Test for Amino Acids Ninhydrin Test - Positive result for the presence of alpha amino group: blue to violet color (Ruhemman's purple) Exception: Proline = produces a yellow color University of San Agustin - Iloilo City College of Pharmacy and Medical Technology - Pharmacy Department  TYPES OF SOLUTIONS Isotonic Solution : a solution having the same osmotic pressure as some other solution, especially one in a cell or a body fluid. Hypotonic Solution : solution having a lower osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid. Hypertonic Solution : *a solution with higher osmotic pressure than another solution, one in which there is a greater concentration or number of solute particles outside a membrane than there are inside it. HYDROLYSIS University of San Agustin - Iloilo City College of Pharmacy and Medical Technology - Pharmacy Department  HYDROLYSIS Form of a chemical reaction where water is mostly used to break down the chemical bonds that exists between a particular substance SURFACE TENSION A property that is due to the tendency of fluid surface to contract an behave as if it is enclosed in an elastic membrane. Phenomenon is caused by cohesion bet. molecules at the surface of the liquid. These molecules don't have similar molecules above them to form cohesive bonds with, they form stronger bonds with those around and below them. The result of the strong cohesion is the film-like membrane known as surface tension. Pure water has significantly high surface tension. If you place a small needle on the surface of pure water, the needle will float despite being more dense with water. However, if you mix soap with water, the surface tension lowers significantly, and the needle will sink. The soap has caused the tension level to drop closer to the level of resistance found in the bulk of the water. Increases surface tension: Inorganic salts e.g. NaCl Decreases surface tension: Bile salts, soaps, detergents University of San Agustin - Iloilo City College of Pharmacy and Medical Technology - Pharmacy Department