Chapter 19: Heart Failure Pathophysiology PDF

Here's the detailed breakdown for Chapter 19, with direct quotes from your slides: Cardiac Tamponade Definition: "fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac is large/sudden,...

Here's the detailed breakdown for Chapter 19, with direct quotes from your slides: Cardiac Tamponade Definition: "fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac is large/sudden, leading to external Symptoms of Right and Left-Sided Heart Failure compression of the heart chambers causing filling to be impaired." 1. Left-Sided Heart Failure Manifestations (Beck's Triad): Slide Reference: Heart Failure (Cont.), Slide 11 "Hypotension" "Backward effects, which result in accumulation of blood within the pulmonary circulation, "Distended neck veins" pulmonary congestion, and edema." Symptoms: "Dyspnea, dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea." "Muffled heart sounds" Treatment: "Pericardiocentesis" "Forward effects result in insufficient CO with diminished delivery of oxygen and nutrients to peripheral tissues and organs." 2. Right-Sided Heart Failure Cor Pulmonale (Primary Right-Sided Heart Failure due to Pulmonary Condition) Slide Reference: Heart Failure (Cont.), Slide 14 Slide Reference: Heart Failure (Cont.), Slide 14 Pathway: Pulmonary Condition > Increased Pulmonary Vascular Resistance > Pulmonary Hypertension > Right-Sided HF mum "Pulmonary disorders—increased pulmonary vascular resistance—high afterload—right ventricular hypertrophy (cor pulmonale)—right ventricular failure." Backward effects: "Edema, ascites, jugular veins distended, impaired mental functioning, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly." "Forward effects cause low output to left ventricle leading to low CO." Term: Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND) Slide Reference: Heart Failure (Cont.), Slide 11 "Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea: sudden shortness of breath at night due to fluid redistribution and pulmonary congestion." Reduced Cardiac Output in Heart Failure Slide Reference: Heart Failure (Cont.), Slide 10 ch 19 "Forward failure = insufficient cardiac pumping manifested by poor CO." "Insufficient cardiac output may be manifested as confusion, fatigue, tachycardia, reduced urine output, and poor peripheral circulation." Complications of Dysrhythmias (Underlying Condition & Impact on CO) Slide Reference: Cardiac Dysrhythmias (Cont.), Slide 21 "Dysrhythmias are significant for two reasons: For indicating an underlying pathophysiologic disorder; For impairing normal CO." Common complications: "May result in reduced ventricular filling or reduced ejection, leading to decreased cardiac output." "Some dysrhythmias can be life-threatening if not corrected."