Patho 2 Exam 3 PDF

2microchanges 4fever Dementia amyloidplaques neonatesinfants ndromeofdeterioratingcognitive function asecretasedegradesAPPtobyproduct etiologies nificantenough...

2microchanges 4fever Dementia amyloidplaques neonatesinfants ndromeofdeterioratingcognitive function asecretasedegradesAPPtobyproduct etiologies nificantenoughtointerferewithnormal Tysecretaseactivity neurotoxicbyproduct genetic eractions performance accumulationamyloidBinnerveterminals headtrauma gnitionistheperception processingofall neurotoxic glutamaterelease cnsinfection nsoryinput theabilitytolearn manipulate proinflammatorycytokines substancewithdrawal winformation neurofibrillarytangles drugs zheimer accumulationoftauprotein cerebrovasculardisease mild altered celldeath stroketumor nial cholineacetyltransferaseincortexthippocampus onset 60yrs orttermmemory tachproductionbecauseof cholinergic t withdrawalofdrug therapy getfulness nicotinicreceptors Seizure guageunabletonamel governglutamatenorepinephrineserotonin abnormalelectricalneuronal discharge cialwithdrawal release resultinginmotor sensoryautonomic psychic moderate apoe 4isoform changes hasiawords amyloidBdeposition Epilepsy lected hygiene amyloidBclearance chronicconditionofrecurrentseizureactivity Hess vasculardiseasehtnhyperlipidemiadiabetes duetochronicunderlyingcondition gressive amyloiddeposition atleast2unprovokedseizuresseparatedb anoia clearance arenessofdeficits Epsypathophysiology evere Epilepsy coordinatedsequentiallyviacellexcitation hrcare PrecipitatingFactors inhibition sofconnection 1metabolicderangements excitableneurons dinalsymptoms kidneyliverfailure imbalancebetweencorticalexcitationand orttermmemoryloss hyponatremiahypocalcemiahypoglycemiahypoxiainhibition guagedifficulty 2 Cnsinfection excitationspreadsuntilinhibitionpredominat havioralchanges na.ca.k.clionchannels promote excitedneuron hophysiology Iii.iniimseasod cavoltagegated nmethyld aspartate macrochanges alcoholheroinbenzodiazepinewithdrawal receptors nainflux neurons corticalatrophy stimulantdrug abuse nmdaopeningofCatna stimulates glutamate nparietal temporallobes blactamantibiotics channels depolarization neuronalinhibitorymechanisms visualflashinglights genetic gaba auditoryringingbuzzing therapywithdrawal batclionconduction inhibitsneuronal taste gustatoryaltered stroketumor ionpotentials olfactoryalteredsmell Gcse atusepilepticuspathophysiology gcse ansviathalamic brainstem 1 impending abatedexcitationinhibition flushing stagel utamatestimulatesnmdareceptorsopening tachycardia 030min cathachannelsdepolarization diaphoresissweating 2seizuresw orecoverybetween longedseizurescausesendocytosisofgaba salivation continousseizure 5min eptorsdueto achannelopening limitsthe bpchanges 2established ibitoryfunction otduetongabaconcentrations 199s 51998min Csecomplications 1intactwithimpairedconsciousness continousseizure730min sactivation ftp.hrtopreservecpp formerlysimplepartialseizure intermittentseizuresfor30minw o 3 mapicp monohemispheric recovery Sthypoxemia riskofarrhythmias motorinvolvementcanbeginin fingersandprogress 3refractory Toxemia lacticacidosis peripheralmanifestationsarecontralateralto stage3 stainedmusclecontractions involvedhemisphere 120min skofrhabdomylosisacutekidneyinjury 2impairedwithimpairedconsciousness continousdespite23aeds Jerkalemia formerlycomplexpartialseizure 4superrefractory tomatisms auraiscommon stage4 n purposeful temporallobe 24hr5 setitivemovementschewingpickingatobjects canbeginasmonohemisphericandspreadto 24hr5despiteanesthesia smaking bothhemisphere GeneralizedSeizures otor repetitivenonpurposefulmovements mostcommon nicsuddenhypertonia lipsmackingchewing bilateralhemispheric rubbing patting impairedconsciousness n oh mmo'steditigiwitching grimacing absence octoniclimbjerk StatusEpilepticusetiologies blankstareunresponsivemotionless onicsuddenhypotonianopostictalphase headtrauma nonconvulsive addroopposturalcollapse Cnsinfection typicalshortinopostictalreturntoactivity on motor drugs atypicalonsetoffsetalterationsinmuscle resthesiastinglingcrawlingfeeling substancewithdrawal petitmal tonicclonic assessmentofblood glucosemust precede armtlegweakness anmal fibrinolytictherapy difficultspeech piratorycontractionictacry moan Cbcbmp lossofbalance ndibularcontraction ekg cretionsinoropharynx troponin Headache sofconsciousness pt inraPTT System Trigeminovascular Ischemicetiology withinopthalmic h Ippupildilate75ns 1embolic 2thrombotic cerebralbloodflow stictal unipolarly Kehrs Ivoocclusionthatoccursinamajorartery brainvesselsmeninges innervates addertbowelincontinence ofthebrain joinssomatosensoryperipheralneuronsthatinnerva cessivesalivation highermorbidityandmortality periosteummuscles accidmuscles Sudocclusionthatoccursinthesmall stanceP.neurokininA neuropeptides grp.su arteriesarteriolescapillariesvenulesand Clusterheadachestructures Stroke veinswithinthebrain 1hypothalamus ansientischemicattacktemporaryblockage Ischemicpathophysiology circadian seasonalpattern bloodtothebrain 1occlusionofintracranialvesselbyan activateipsilateralinferiorhypothalamic nitwarningstroke embolism graymatter chemicstrokeocclusionwithina embolicclottravelsfromanotherpartofthe stimulationofhypothalamus remission rebralarteryorembolifromamore bodytothebrain ofattack oximalsourceresultinginocclusionofa 2 hypoperfusioncausedbyflowlimiting melatoninpeak rebralartery stenosisofmajorextracranialartery orexinmaybeinvolved morrhagicstrokeavessel rupturesand 3 thrombosisofanintracranialvessel 2 trigeminovascularsystem eedsintothesurroundingbrainleadingto thromboticclotfrominthevesselsofthe carpreleased odaccumulationand cerebralpressure ebygpheroggerog.is activatespristhroughsuperiorsalivator mmontypes nucleus duralhematoma Riskfactors 3prisactivation duralhematoma ageracemale throughsphenopalatineganglion acerebralruptureofabloodvesselinthebrain geneticsfamilyhistorypriorstroke lacrimationcranialrhinorrhea arachnoidruptureofbloodvesselinthespace alcoholdrugssmoking vasodilation weenthebrainandmembranecoveringit signs symptoms releasevip pacap gnosticTesting blurredvision vasodilatingeffects contrastatormriimaging drooping1 2offace graneFeatures Painsensitivity Tension 4bloodsupply 72hr5 Chronicabnormalsensitivityof Abeta incompactbone ilateral fibers Osteomalacia deratesevere hyperalgesiaexaggeratedresponseto inadequatemineralizationofbone Isatile painfulstimuli ricketschildrensoftbones useaauravomit allodyniapainresponsetononpainful causedby vitamindinsufficientCat nsionFeatures stimuli impairedgiabsorption 6hrsiup.to1 week myofascialtriggerpoints inadequateintake 600800inday ateral referredpain inadequateendogenoussynthesis dmoderate hypersensitivitytopressure impairedCatabsorption pthnormaliz ndlikenonpulsating centralsensitization Catandpromotephosphaterenal usterFeatures trigeminalnucleusdorsalhornthalamus excretion min3hrsiupto8episod.esday hypersensitivityat non headneckareas Paget'sdisease lateral number activityof osteoclasts were Muscoskeletal compensatoryosteoblasticactivity abbingburningsharp Bonetypes 4thdecadeoflife horrhealacrimationconjunctival 1 long 3 flat newboneformedisabnormal disorganiz graine alliscapula resultinginthickeneddeformedpainfu LBftffwerextrepitiesgyparribs.sk grp.sustanceP.neurokinina easedatvascularterminalsof PSFoporosis wristankles vertebraejawbones geminalnerve Bonestructure mineralizedbonemass 1ˢᵗ mulatemastcells releasehistamine 1compactcortical boneresorption osteoclastactivity ostaglandins outerlayer boneformationosteoblastactivity omotevasodilation duralplasma rigidcalcifiedmatrix influencedbydietarydeficiencesor ravasation 2 cancellous spongy impairedabsorptioninCatvitamind urogenicinflammation activationof innerlayer gicatabsorption renalexcretion inreceptors latticepattern postmenopauseestrogenloss rigeminovascularsystem metabolicallyactive tosteoclasticviaRANKL.li1,1L6 Tnf outfrommeningealvessels containsosteogeniccells interfaceswithbone inhibitionofosteoclastvia estrogen roughtrigeminalganglion marrow stimulatedopgproduction napseson tcc thalamus 3bonemarrow androgen estrogentinmates otosensitivity inlongbonesvertebraeribssternumpelvis 2nddisorder taneousallodynia redhematopoiesisyellowadiposetissue hyperthyroidism boneturnover ohoinhibitosteoblast RAjointManifestations Gout lignancessecreteosteoclast symmetricpolyarticular uricacid uratelisendproductofpurine tiratingfactor proximalphalangesinvolved adenineguaninemetabolism shingsyndrome longterm limitedmotion prppingrtase rticosteroiduse Frankl opg synovialinflammation joint instability hypoxanthinexanthineuricacid maleathletes estrogen OsteoarthritisManifestations urateproduction 10 osteomalacia Ricketsmanifestations achyjointpainmonooligoarticular urateexcretion 90 onepaintenderness 1 3 urate COz crepitusgrindingwithjointmotion gut NH3 oximalfemurdistalradiusfractures jointsaffectedhipskneeshandsfeet kidney rClL20mimin untedskeletalgrowth SLEManifestations crystalinedepositsinsynovialfluidjoint formedbones 1 arthralgiasarthritis90 cartilage get'sManifestations symmetrical tophilargehardnodules orboneformationquality ligamenttendonjoint capsule attractpolymorphonuclearleukocytes.pmn addlinggait 2dermatologic celldeathdestructionofcartilageand ul remodelingVertigoheadaches discoidlesion subchondrialbone rtebralfx kyphosis malarrash butterfly RApathophysiology diseaseaorticstenosis 3renaldisease50 attractneutrophilslymphocytesmacrophage teoporosisManifestations glomerularnephritis phagocytizethecomplexesreleaselysozyme angesatendsoflongbones lysozymespromotejointdestruction hypnitiayephritis nningbonecortex angiogenesispannusdevelopment softrabeculaefromspongybone pleuritis Rankl IL 6TNF IL 17 cytokines outManifestations fibroblastsstimulateosteoclasts ephrolithiasis pyggpg.ge uapions pannusproliferation inflammatorysynovia cacidkidneystones pericarditis ofpatients versibledestructionofcartilage bon MFimraitiiogi cipitatesinacidicurinel.pt 5.5 Osteoarthritispathophysiology goutynephropathy acute hemolyticanemia indiarthrodialjoint cipitationinrenalcollecting ductsuretersthrombosis abtoproteine superficialcartilagelayerweakens cracks etotumorlysisproliferativedisorders thrombocytopenia cartilagewornaway replacedbyweaker nucleicacidturnover leukopenialymphopenia fibrocartilageplugneovascularization ronic 7 cast lymphadenopathy subchondrialbonyplateexposed thicken ecipitationinrenalparenchyma seizures depression newbonecystsformonmargins softubularfunction proteinuria acutevasculitis abdevelopment stroke osteophytesspurs collagensynthesis 2pathways Referredpainpainininternalorgans Dreakdownofexistingcollagen reflectiveprotectiveresponses issensed on thesurfaceofthebody epathophysiology pathwaytothecerebralcortex ascending Neurotransmitters Receptors 3cellhyperreactivity pain itch eptniinieiaiifeherigi. c EncephineÉjin mationofimmunecomplexes Gate controlmodernonpainfulstimulican eartcytoplasmacellcomponents diminishthepainsignal Dopamine dopamine osteoblastsproducebonematrix a absenceofinputfrom fibersatonically Serotonin serotonergic lagengrowthfactorsalkaline activeinhibitoryinterneuronsuppressespain Histamine histamine osphatase pathway Glutamate glutaminergicionotropicamp neformationbuildsbone bstrongpain fibersstopinhibitionstrong nmdaglutaminergicmetabotropic steoclasts signaltothebrain Glycine glycine oneresorptionchewsbone c touchstimulus noxiousstimulus pain Adenosine purine agocyticcells modulatedbysimultaneoussomatosensory Nitric oxide none mulatedbypth input Neuromuscularjunction Tachrecep creteacidwhichreleasesCafrombone AnalgesiaDrugs hasaxonterminalsmotorendplateson activitybycalcitonin estrogen aspirinthsaid musclemembraneSchwanncellsheat oneProtective inhibitprostaglandin nicotinicreceptorsbind2Achmolecul opgtrank estrogen inflammation openingamonovalentcationchannel tgf osteoclastapoptosis slowtransmissionof painsignalsfrom Openchannelallows 1,126osteoclaststimulators Nattkttopass. nf.tl siteofinjury influxdepolarizesthemusclefiber sympathetic opiates 59dg'idatitiin bindtochsreceptors ACH NE neurotransmitter ank mediators neurotransmitterreleasefromprimary atB adrenergicreceptor ank opg glucocorticoids tyrosinesynthesized ank hormones 58FYntabflhhibitionofzndsensorymoa.inmitochondria ginhibitsrank inhibitosteoclast neurons NEtransporter Felthast blockperceptionofpain fightorflight produceRank stimulate Neuropathicpainchronicpain shortpreganglongpostgang teoclast damageorlongtermchangesinnervous thoraic lumber origin system closetospinalcordganglion o ervet Muscle neuronaldamage Parasympathetic ciceptionpain neuropathyduetodiabetes glucoselt rest digest lammationmay perceptionofpain chemotherapy peripheralneuropathy ACH tonicmuscariniccholinergicreceptor Globalpresynaptic alltargetsofpostsynaptic Parkinson'spathophysiology etylCoatcholinesynthesized neuronareinhibited equally dopaminergicneurons dopamine heinsynapticcleft enzyme Selective presynapticinhibitoryneuronsynapses availability olinetransporter on collateralofthepresynapticneuron selectively dopamine less initiativetomoveand airstemsacralorigin inhibitstarget slowermovements gpregangshortpostgang Gabapentin Gravispathophysiology NS integratingcenter densityofCatchannels achreceptors NS releaseofexicatory destructionofpostmembrane integrity sensory neuronalexcitability accelerate achrturnovertendocytosi totheCNSthroughafferentLyrical nds.info NMJfunctionGravis Pregablin ensoryneurons blocksCatchannels achinvescicles efferent blocksreleaseofexcitatory achreleaseduponstimulation aesinfofromtheCNS.totargetcells neuronalexcitability achbindstoreceptors aefferentneurons Amitriptyline musclecontractionviaNatdepolarization radedActionPotentials block reuptakeofserotonin NE terminatedbyachesterase strengthastheyspreadoutfromthepointof concentrationofneurotransmittersatthe Nigrostriata Parkinson ginduetoleakoutthecell synapse removalofdefectiveproteinaggregation thresholdstartsabovethresholdbuttin convergencecreateslarge fields receptive stress oxidative engthasittravels.attriggerzoneits smallreceptivefieldsareinmore sensitive areas thalamusunderinhibitorycontrolofgp normally esholdanddoesn'tinitiateanactionpotential Lateralinhibitionenhancescontrast makesa netresult muscleactivity rathresholdstrongerstimulusgraded stimuluseasiertoperceive directpathwayD1 inhibitsGabainhibitionof entialis thresholdbythetimeitreaches ChemoreceptorOz.PHorganicmoleculeslikeglucose thalamus triggerzoneactionpotentialoccurs Mechanoreceptorspressurebaroeelstretchosmolindirectpathway D2 glutamatestimulates mporalSummation sound vibrationacceleration thalamus Thermoreceptorsdegreesofheat d2 stimulation ofgp ladedpotentialsthatarefarapartinti.me Motor Function symptoms d1greatergabainhibitoryeffectonthalamu Parkinson's yes sotentialsarriveatthetriggerzonewithina Basalgangliacontrollearnedautomatic tremor posturalinstability ortperiodoftime movements rigidity facialmovements tegration keystructures bradykinesia speechswallowing ssptzepsptopreventanactionpotenti.atinthe cortex striatumputamenglobus moodchanges synapticcell thalamus pallidus memory20 impaired substantianigra sn sweating salivation  avissymptomsmusclefatigue anial respiratory elids swallowingspeech cial limbsproximal distal