Biology A (Salters Nuffield) Paper 1 2023 PDF
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Uploaded by MesmerizingIndium9254
Jumeirah College
2023
Pearson Edexcel
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This is a past paper for the Pearson Edexcel Biology A (Salters Nuffield) Advanced level Paper 1 exam from June 2023. The paper covers topics in the areas of the natural environment, species and survival. This past paper contains questions on a variety of biology topics.
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Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information Candidate surname Other names Centre Number Candidate Number...
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information Candidate surname Other names Centre Number Candidate Number Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE Wednesday 7 June 2023 Afternoon (Time: 2 hours) Paper reference 9BN0/01 Biology A (Salters Nuffield)   Advanced PAPER 1: The Natural Environment and Species Survival You must have: Total Marks Scientific calculator, HB pencil, ruler Instructions Use black ink or ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name, centre number and candidate number. Answer all questions. Show all your working out in calculations and include units where appropriate. Answer the questions in the spaces provided – there may be more space than you need. Information The total mark for this paper is 100. The marks for each question are shown in brackets – use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. You may use a scientific calculator. Instructure questions marked with an asterisk (*), marks will be awarded for your ability to your answer logically showing how the points that you make are related or follow on from each other where appropriate. Advice Read each question carefully before you start to answer it. Try to answer every question. Check your answers if you have time at the end. Turn over P71906A ©2023 Pearson Education Ltd. N:1/1/1/1/1/1/1/ *P71906A0132* Answer ALL questions. Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box. If you change your mind about an DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross. 1 Homo sapiens is the only living species of the genus Homo. Over 100 000 years ago, Homo neanderthalensis, a species closely related to modern humans, lived with other Homo species in the same habitat. (a) Which of the following is the correct definition of the term habitat? (1) A a group of organisms of different species living in the same area B a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area C a place where an organism lives D the role of an organism (b) A fossil bone discovered in China is thought to be from a new species, Homo longi. (i) Samples of DNA from this bone and bones from other Homo species can be amplified using PCR. Describe how these amplified samples of DNA can be prepared for analysis using gel electrophoresis. (3).................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 *P71906A0232*  (ii) Explain how the results of this analysis would show whether Homo longi is closely related to other Homo species. (2) DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ (Total for Question 1 = 6 marks) 3  *P71906A0332* Turn over 2 Human activities are affecting many habitats. These activities can change the biodiversity of communities and populations within DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA a habitat. (a) Which of the following describes biodiversity within a habitat? (1) A the number of different alleles and the number of the same species B the number of different species and the number of different alleles C the number of different species and the number of the same alleles D the number of the same alleles and the number of the same species (b) Brown Moss is a site of special scientific interest. It is an area containing shallow ponds, inhabited by birds and rare plants. The biodiversity of plants growing in two ponds, A and B, at Brown Moss was studied. The table includes data collected from the two ponds. Number (n) n(n–1) for Number (n) n(n–1) for Species in pond A pond A in pond B pond B Azolla filiculoides 5 20 0 0 Lemna minuta 29 812 0 0 Lemna trisulca 50 2 450 0 0 Alisma plantago-aquatica 2 2 0 0 Alopecurus aequalis 11 110 0 0 Carex pseudocyperus 2 2 0 0 Equisetum fluviatile 0 0 71 4 970 Juncus effusus 0 0 60 3 540 Menyanthes trifoliata 16 240 0 0 Polygonum amphibium 0 0 25 600 Ranunculus circinatus 13 0 0 Sparganium erectum 3 6 0 0 Typha latifolia 5 20 0 0 Total 156 9 110 (i) Complete the table for pond A giving the value for n(n–1) for Ranunculus circinatus and give the totals. (1) 4 *P71906A0432*  (ii) Calculate the index of diversity for pond B using the formula N(N 1) DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA D n(n 1) (2) Answer.............................................................. (iii) Pond B is close to a farm and some houses. Chemicals and waste from the farm and houses have increased the levels of pollutants in pond B. The biodiversity index for pond A is 4.81. Comment on the effect of pollutants on the biodiversity of pond B. (3)............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ (Total for Question 2 = 7 marks) 5  *P71906A0532* Turn over 3 The genetic information for a cell is stored in the DNA. (a) Describe the structure of a DNA mononucleotide. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA (2)............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ (b) Molecules of DNA are copied by semi-conservative replication. (i) Which of the following is the result of semi-conservative replication? (1) A both DNA molecules are a mixture of original DNA and RNA B both daughter DNA molecules contain one original DNA strand and one new DNA strand C one daughter DNA molecule has two original parent strands, the other daughter DNA molecule has two new strands D each strand of both daughter DNA molecules is a mixture of original and new DNA 6 *P71906A0632*  (ii) Describe how DNA is replicated. (4) DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ (Total for Question 3 = 7 marks) 7  *P71906A0732* Turn over 4 Cell division can be observed using a microscope. The photograph shows cells from a root tip dividing. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA A (Source: © Dimarion/Shutterstock) (a) (i) Which of the following is the stage of mitosis shown in the cell labelled A? (1) A anaphase B cytokinesis C metaphase D telophase (ii) Describe how other plant tissues can be prepared to find out if the cells are undergoing mitosis. (3).................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 *P71906A0832*  (b) Describe what happens inside a cell during prophase of mitosis. (4) DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ (Total for Question 4 = 8 marks) 9  *P71906A0932* Turn over 5 Many plants are known to have medicinal properties and are used in traditional medicines. These plants are often endangered. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA A drug to treat breast cancer has been extracted from Taxus brevifolia, the Pacific yew tree. (a) Seeds from endangered plants are placed in seed banks to conserve the species. (i) Describe how the seeds are preserved for long periods of time in a seed bank. (3).................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (ii) Seed banks obtain seeds collected from a number of plants of each species. Explain the advantages of this for the conservation of a plant species. (2).......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 *P71906A01032*  (b) The active ingredients in medicinal plants are identified and purified to make new drugs. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA These drugs are tested extensively before use. (i) Which of the following methods are used before the three-phased testing of clinical trials? (1) A testing on animals and humans B testing on animals, isolated cells and tissues C computer modelling and testing on humans D computer modelling and testing isolated cells with a placebo (ii) Describe the stages of a three-phased clinical trial. (3).................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11  *P71906A01132* Turn over (c) The gut has barriers to prevent pathogens entering the body. Explain the role of conditions in the gut in preventing infection DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA by microorganisms. (2)........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ (Total for Question 5 = 11 marks) 12 *P71906A01232*  6 Shrews, moles and hedgehogs are members of the same taxonomic group of mammals that eat insects. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA (a) Members of this group of mammals occupy a variety of niches. Which of the following describes a niche? (1) A the environment of an organism B the habitat of an organism C the population of an organism D the role of an organism in its environment (b) Shrews are very small mammals that maintain a body temperature of 40 oC. They require a good supply of oxygen as they lose heat rapidly. (i) Explain how the structure of their lungs enables shrews to get oxygen into the body rapidly. (4)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 13  *P71906A01332* Turn over (ii) Some species of shrew have evolved to feed on insects found in cold water streams. They are semi-aquatic, spending part of their lives diving in water and part of the time living on land. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA These shrews have large concentrations of the protein myoglobin in their muscles. Myoglobin stores oxygen, which can be released for aerobic respiration during a dive. The myoglobin in these shrews has a different, tertiary structure than in other species of shrew. This allows larger quantities of myoglobin to be stored in their muscles. Describe how these species of semi-aquatic shrew may have evolved. (4)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14 *P71906A01432*  (iii) Explain why a change in the base sequence of the gene coding for myoglobin could change its tertiary structure. (3) DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (Total for Question 6 = 12 marks) 15  *P71906A01532* Turn over 7 The diagram shows the structure of a bacterium. Some bacteria are pathogenic to humans and can cause inflammation and fever. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA (a) Which of the following are found only in bacterial cells? (1) A cellulose cell wall, plasmid, 70S ribosome B flagellum, plasma membrane, mitochondria C plasma membrane, cellulose cell wall, plasmid D plasmid, 70S ribosome, circular DNA 16 *P71906A01632*  (b) Some bacteria are pathogenic. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal antibiotics are drugs used to treat diseases caused by bacteria. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA The graph shows the effects of two types of antibiotic on the growth of bacteria. The control line shows the growth of bacteria with no antibiotic present. 18 000 Key 16 000 control bacteriostatic 14 000 bactericidal 12 000 Number of 10 000 cells per cubic millimetre 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Time after antibiotic added / hours (i) State what is meant by the term bactericidal antibiotic. (1)............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 17  *P71906A01732* Turn over (ii) Calculate the mean rate of increase in the number of bacteria in the control from 6 to 8 hours. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA Give your answer in standard form. (2) Answer.............................................................. (iii) Symptoms of bacterial infection include fever and inflammation. Explain the role of the inflammatory response in protecting the body from bacterial infection. (4).......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
