CSCA0101 Computing Basics - Basic Computer Configuration PDF

CSCA0101 Computing Basics CSCA0101 COMPUTING BASICS Chapter 2 Basic Computer Configuration 1 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Topics: Basic Operatio...

CSCA0101 Computing Basics CSCA0101 COMPUTING BASICS Chapter 2 Basic Computer Configuration 1 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Topics: Basic Operations Computer Components Computer Categories 2 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computing Terminology Data Data is anything in a form suitable for use with a computer. Information Refer to processed data. Program Computer instructions. 3 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Three Basics Kind of Computer Computer Analogue Digital Hybrid 4 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Three Basics Kind of Computer Analogue Computer Analog computers are used to process analog data. Analog data is of continuous nature and which is not discrete or separate. Such type of data includes temperature, pressure, speed weight, voltage, depth etc. These quantities are continuous and having an infinite variety of values. 5 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Three Basics Kind of Computer Digital Computer A Digital Computer works with digits to represent numerals, letters or other special symbols. Digital Computers operate on inputs which are ON- OFF type and its output is also in the form of ON- OFF signal. Normally, an ON is represented by a 1 and an OFF is represented by a 0. A digital computer can be used to process numeric as well as non-numeric data. 6 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Three Basics Kind of Computer Hybrid Computer A hybrid is a combination of digital and analog computers. It combines the best features of both types of computers, i-e. It has the speed of analog computer and the memory and accuracy of digital computer. Hybrid computers are used mainly in specialized applications where both kinds of data need to be processed. Therefore, they help the user, to process both continuous and discrete data. 7 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Operations The computer is an electronic machine that performs the following five basic operations: – Input – Process – Output – Store – Control 8 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Operations Input It is the process of capturing or acquiring the information, or it is the process of accepting data or information, by using input the computer can do any process. Information or data that is entered into a computer or computer device using an input device. 9 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Operations Input Data is gathered – Manually – Automatically – Both 10 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Operations Types of Computer Input Data – the raw facts given to the computer. Programs – the sets of instructions that direct the computer. Commands – special codes or key words that the user inputs to perform a task. User response – the user's answer to the computer's question. 11 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Operations Processing It is the transformation process to convert the input into output. A process is an instance of running a program. It cause the computer to follow instructions from the Memory. Perform by Central Processing Unit (CPU). 12 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Operations Processing The CPU has three parts: – Arithmetic / Logic Unit (ALU) – Control Unit – Input / Output Unit (I/O) 13 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Operations Processing Arithmetic / Logic Unit (ALU) The part of a computer that performs all arithmetic computations, such as addition and multiplication, and all comparison operations. 14 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Operations Processing Control Unit The control unit is the circuitry that controls the flow of data through the processor, and coordinates the activities of the other units within it. 15 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Operations Processing Input / Output Unit (I/O Unit) The computer components that control input and output devices. 16 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Operations Computer Output It is the result, which comes from the transformation process or it is the outcome of the process. Anything that comes out of a computer. Example: – Report – Music – Graphic – Video clip 17 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Operations Types of Computer Output Hard copy – Printed on paper or other permanent media. Soft copy – A soft copy is the unprinted digital document file. – Displayed on screen or by other non-permanent means. – It can be transported from one computer to another. 18 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Operations Types of Computer Output Hard copy Soft copy 19 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Operations Categories of Output Text documents – reports, letters, memo. Graphics – charts, graphs, pictures Multimedia – combination of text, graphics, video, audio 20 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Operations Storing It is the process of storing or retaining the data or information or instructions, so that the user can retain and retrieve it whenever required. Capability to store information after processing. Storage are used to store programs and data when they are not being used in memory. 21 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Operations Controlling It is the process of directing the manner and sequence in which all the operations are to be performed. 22 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Hardware vs. Software Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as the computer monitor or keyboard. Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. It is what guides the hardware and tells it how to accomplish each task. 23 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Basic Computer Components 24 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Basic Computer Components System Unit The system unit is the core of a computer system. The most important of these components is the central processing unit (CPU), or microprocessor, which acts as the "brain" of your computer. Another component is random access memory (RAM), which temporarily stores information that the CPU uses while the computer is on. Almost every other part of your computer connects to the system unit using cables. 25 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Basic Computer Components Computer Case Where all of the components are stored. The computer case serves mainly as a way to physically mount and contain all of the actual computer components. Cases typically come bundled with a power supply. Two types of casing: – Tower – Desktop 26 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Basic Computer Components Computer Case Two types of casing: – Tower – Desktop Desktop and tower computers are two different styles of computer case that use desk space in varying ways. Desktop computers are designed to lay flat on the desk, while towers stand upright. 27 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Basic Computer Components Computer Case Tower casing Desktop casing 28 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Basic Computer Components Power Supply Used to sends power to all of the other hardware so they can operate. Two types of power supply: – AT (Advanced Technology) – ATX (Advanced Technology Extended) 29 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Basic Computer Components Central Processing Unit (CPU) The CPU, or the Central Processing Unit, is the brain of the computer and the single most important chip in the computer. The CPU performs the system's calculating and processing. 30 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Basic Computer Components CPU Fan Any fan inside a computer case used for cooling purposes. 31 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Basic Computer Components Computer Memory Also known as Random Access Memory (RAM) Computer memory is used to store information in electronic devices. 32 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Basic Computer Components Motherboard The main circuit board of the computer. All key internal and external components of the computer plug into the Motherboard. 33 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Basic Computer Components Motherboard Components directly attached to the motherboard include: CPU Chipset Random-Access Memory (RAM) Read-Only Memory (ROM) BIOS (Basic Input Output System) Buses Ports 34 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Basic Computer Components Motherboard 35 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Basic Computer Components Motherboard 36 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Basic Computer Components Hard disk It used to store computer data and program. It can hold more data and are faster than floppy disks. 37 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Basic Computer Components Optical Disc Drive An optical storage technology that stores and plays back data. Some drives can only read from discs, but recent drives are commonly both readers and recorders. 38 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Basic Computer Components Video card A board that plugs into a personal computer to give it display capabilities. The display capabilities of a computer, however, depend on both the logical circuitry (provided in the video adapter) and the display monitor. 39 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Basic Computer Components Sound card A circuit board that plugs into your Motherboard that adds audio capability to your computer, providing high quality stereo output to the speakers. 40 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Basic Computer Components Modem Short for modulator-demodulator. A modem is a device or program that enables a computer to transmit data over, for example, telephone or cable lines. 41 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Basic Computer Components Monitor The part of a computer that allows you to see what the computer is processing. 42 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Basic Computer Components Other Components Input Devices – Keyboard, mouse Output Devices – Printer, speakers Operating System – Windows, MacOS, Linux 43 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories What makes a computer powerful? Speed – A computer can do billions of actions per second. Reliability – Failures are usually due to human error, one way or another. Storage – A computer can keep huge amounts of data. 44 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories Mobile Computer Microcomputer Minicomputers Mainframes Supercomputer 45 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories Mobile Computer Mobile computing is human–computer interaction by which a computer is expected to be transported during normal usage. Being able to use a computing device even when being mobile and therefore changing location. Portability is one aspect of mobile computing. 46 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories Mobile Computer Example: – Personal digital assistant – Smartphone – Tablet computer – Ultra-Mobile PC – Wearable computer 47 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories Mobile Computer PDA Smartphone Tablet PC Wearable Computer Ultra-Mobile PC 48 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories Microcomputer A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU) A small, single-user computer based on one microprocessor. Microcomputers are designed to be used by individuals. 49 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories Types of Microcomputer Tower PC Mid-Tower PC Mini-Tower PC Server Workstation Personal computer (PC) – Desktop – Laptop 50 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories Desktop Vs. Laptop 51 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories Desktop Vs. Laptop 52 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories Laptop vs. Notebook vs. Netbook Laptop Notebook Netbook Size Laptops mostly Notebooks Netbooks are come in handy generally come in usually very small in sizes ranging from the sizes of real size, ultra-portable the large briefcase notebooks to the devices that replace sizes to small handy near PDA sizes. bulkier laptops. portables (the (Exceptions occur screen normally as some goes from 10.2 manufacturer’s inches to 19 inches market their laptops in diameter). as notebooks) 53 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories Laptop vs. Notebook vs. Netbook Laptop Notebook Netbook Physical A laptop usually A Notebook weighs A netbook weighs characteristic weighs between 1.4 less than 5 pounds between 0.9 Kg to to 5.4 Kgs. (3 to12 and is 3 inches or 1.4 Kg. pounds) less in thickness 54 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories Laptop vs. Notebook vs. Netbook Laptop Notebook Netbook Processing capacity Laptops are usually Notebooks Netbooks usually associated with nowadays come in have a lower speed higher processing laptop processor This can power than configurations, but cause a degraded notebooks. the size factor experience when Normally 1-8 GB wears off as it doing more RAM. becomes more intensive tasks such powerful, and the as watching movies sense of notebook or playing games. is gone. Intel® AtomTM and Intel® CeleronTM processors. 55 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories Laptop vs. Notebook vs. Netbook Laptop Notebook Netbook Usages Primary usage is primary usage is The prime focus is mobility and mobility and internet access and replicates the usage personal computer hence web of a personal with extra durability browsing and computer with extra emailing gain durability. significance here. 56 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories Laptop vs. Notebook vs. Netbook Laptop Notebook Netbook Accessories Can be present in Not integrated. Can Netbooks usually do an integrated be externally not have integrated fashion. attached though. DVD drives so that they can be kept lighter. 57 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories Laptop vs. Notebook vs. Netbook 58 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories Workstation A powerful, single-user computer. It has a more powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor. Can be used as server computers that supply files to client computers over a network. 59 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories Workstation Usages Engineering applications (CAD/CAM) Desktop publishing Software development Other types of applications that require a moderate amount of computing power and relatively high quality graphics capabilities. 60 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories Minicomputer A midsized computer. In size and power, minicomputers lie between workstations and mainframes. A minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable of supporting hundreds users simultaneously. 61 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories Mainframes A very large and expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds, or even thousands, of users simultaneously. In some ways, mainframes are more powerful than supercomputers because they support more simultaneous programs. But supercomputers can execute a single program faster than a mainframe. 62 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories Mainframes These computers are capable of handling and processing very large amounts of data quickly. Mainframe computers are used in large institutions such as government, banks and large corporations. 63 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories Supercomputer The fastest type of computer. Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require immense amounts of mathematical calculations. An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second. 64 CSCA0101 Computing Basics Basic Computer Configuration Computer Categories Supercomputer Usages: focused on performing tasks involving intense numerical calculations such as weather forecasting, fluid dynamics, nuclear simulations, theoretical astrophysics, and complex scientific computations. 65