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Here is the converted text from the images into a structured markdown format: ### Page 1 المحاضرة الاولى ### Page 2 **Parasitology**: Science - study Parasited cause of Hansmit. **Parasite**: Organism lives at the expense, cause harm to host of other living beings (host). * Has 2 names: * Genus...

Here is the converted text from the images into a structured markdown format: ### Page 1 المحاضرة الاولى ### Page 2 **Parasitology**: Science - study Parasited cause of Hansmit. **Parasite**: Organism lives at the expense, cause harm to host of other living beings (host). * Has 2 names: * Genus * Species name * Cause harm to hosts * Ex: Phoresis * Smaller organism arrived by larger one * XX Food * **Mutualism**: * Both partner benefit from association * Can't live without other * Ex: تبادل منفعه تمساح والعصفورة * **Symbiosis**: * Mutualism: تبادل منفه * Commensalism: تعايش * One of the partners benefits from association. * host not harmed. * Parasitism: طقطل * Parasite harms the host * Sizes: * Microparasites: small, unicellular multibine in host cell. * Macroparasite: Large multicellular multibull in host cell. * Duration: * Permanent: Live in host * Temporary: only feed on host and leave. * Classification of Parasite * Infestation * Habitat: * Ecto Parasite: Surface of the host * Ento parasite: inside host, penetrating tissues * Infection Grees * Helminths * Endoparasite * obligate: * can't complete their life cycle with parasitic volationsmp * Facultative: Para siti'c * Both * Free-living * Example: Naegleria fowleri * Accidental: Incidental * Strange Host * Example: Toxocara * Opportunistic: * canst * immunocompromised * No disease * hight Fetal * risease * live in cryptosporidium * strange * human to xo Cala ### Page 3 * **Definitive host**: Final * Adult stage * sexual-mature stage * Human * **Intermediate**: * Immature stage * Asexual stages * **Reservoir**: * Animal Gather than men * Carries adult stages * Example: Final بس حيوان * **Hosts** * **Vector**: * Transmits infection * Ex: mosquito * Paratem Doesn't undergo an development transport * Remain alive and infective to another host * Transmits it to a suitable host to complete life cycle * **Modes of Transmission**: Source of infection * Faeco oral: فم * Inhalation: شم * Skin: جلد * Congenital: من الام للجنين * Sexual * Mosquito bite * Latrogenic: * Blood transfusion * Organ Transplantation * **Effects of Parasites on hosts** * Direct: * Tissue damage * Loss the function * Parasite feeling of host nutrition * Anemia in heavy infection * Indirect: * Inflammatory- Immuno response * Tissue damage * Allergic * Autoimmune * Abortion and Congenital anomalies ### Page 4 المحاضرة الثانية ### Page 5 **Parasitology** * Helminthology: الديدان * Protozoology: اولیات نواع * Entomology: حشرات * Flatworms * Plathelminthes * One segment * Trematoda Flukes * Segmentes Round worms * Cestoda tapeworms * Cylindrical worms * Nemathelminthes * Nematoda * Trematoda * Middle and Far East, in Southern Europe * Heterophy’es: Brackish Water * Heterophyiasis * Plathelminthes * Hepatic flukes: intestinal flukes * Blood flukes * Lung flukes * H. Heterophyes **Adult characteristics** * Pear shaped * 3 suckers * Oral * Ventral * Third genital * Two simple intestinal Ceca **Egg characteristics:** * Oval * Thick shell * Brownish * Mature contents **Pirenella Conica Snail** * Right-sided snail * Opening with siphonal notch * Shell elongated, thick and made of several whorls * Transverse shallow sutures * Whorls with few rows of coarse tubercles ### Page 6 **Life Cycle** * Definitive: Small intestine * Reservoir: dogs/Cats * First intermediate: Pirenella conica - develop to Shal’l * Sporocyst --miracidium * Second intermediate: Fish * Mera@raria * Mature eggs Pass with stool * Man infected by Consumption: Improperly Cooked Fish, Sweet Feseeln * Eggs appar in stool: 10 to 15 days **Pathogenesis** * light infection-Pass unnoticed * Inflammation * Abdominal pain, colicky pain mulous • eggs may pass any ectopic site * Brain * Skin **Diagnosis** * History: eating improper cookie, fish - sweet feseern * Clinical: abdominal pain * Laboratory: Stool analy sis **Treatment** Praziquantel **Prevention & Control** * Small control a good hygenic таны * Proper Goking and Salting fism * Treatment all humans and animals **المحاضره الثالثه** ### Page 7 * **Cestodes** * Highly specialized: infect vertebraters * Alimentary tract: invertebrates * Habitat:Intestinal → man (Final Host): Extraintestinal → man Internal mediate Host * **Characters**: * Flat Segment Worms (Proglottids) Nervous System: ( Brain Like) in solex * No digestive system * Head (Scolex): 4 Suckers * Neck Maintain 2 grooves ( Bothria) * Reproductive hooks cos insertion to intestin System * (in) Proglottids * **Diphlobothrium latum** * Broad fish tape worm * مثال على Cestode * اثنان اخدود ورقى عریض * **X** Egypt **✓** Europe, South America, Chain, Japan * **D-Latum (Mature)** * 10m to 300 segment * Fine scolex/2 grooves * Broader segment * Viteline glands * **D-Latum (Egg)** * Oval * Thick * Brownish * Gntent: I'm mature ### Page 8 * **Life cycle** * Final Host: man small intestine * Reservar Host: dogs Fish eating animals to cats birds * First Intermediate Host: - cyclops Proceroid * Second Intermediate Host:Fresh Fish * Fertilized eggs released from mature Proglottis segment * after 8-12 days development (coracidium) first larva