Origin Of Biosphere SCI 10 PDF

ORIGIN OF BIOSPHERE SCI 10 | ADELLE TABANGIN 61 ORIGIN OF BIOSPHERE  WHAT IS THE BIOSPHERE? ORIGIN OF BIOSPHERE The region on, above, and below the Earth's surface where life exists. Includes all living (biotic) and n...

ORIGIN OF BIOSPHERE SCI 10 | ADELLE TABANGIN 61 ORIGIN OF BIOSPHERE  WHAT IS THE BIOSPHERE? ORIGIN OF BIOSPHERE The region on, above, and below the Earth's surface where life exists. Includes all living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) organisms. 62  THEORY OF ABIOGENESIS ORIGIN OF BIOSPHERE Suggests that life initially developed from nonliving materials Roots in Greek philosophers Theory of Spontaneous Generation Some animals were spontaneously created from non-living substances “Primordial Soup” Alexander Oparin (1900s) Simple elements -> complex elements Amino acids 63 Abiogenesis. https://creation.com/darwin-abiogenesis-lies  LAMARCK & DARWIN ORIGIN OF BIOSPHERE Jean Baptiste Lamarck Theory of Use and Disuse If the environment changes, behavior will change Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics Changes in anatomy are inheritable Charles Darwin Geographic location was a determining factor for characteristics of species. “Survival of the fittest” Coined by Herbert Spencer All descendant of a progenitor are modified 64  FOSSIL RECORD ORIGIN OF BIOSPHERE Provides clues on how creatures evolved, how the environment changed, and how creatures are related to one another. Radiometric dating It is imperfect The number of species known about through fossils is less than 1% of all species that have ever lived. Gaps Romer’s Gap 65  MILLER-UREY EXPERIMENT ORIGIN OF BIOSPHERE Simulation in 1953 that attempted to replicate the conditions of Earth’s early atmosphere and hydrosphere Test if organic molecules can be created abiogenically. Documented the production of amino acids demonstrating that chemical evolution is possible. 66  MILLER-UREY EXPERIMENT ORIGIN OF BIOSPHERE Design Matter can change phases between liquid and gas. 2 large flasks. 1 filled with water and boiled 1 equipped with an electrode Condenser where liquid could fall into a collection trap where samples are taken. Researched would introduce ammonia, hydrogen, and methane gas to cycle in the experiment 67  MILLER-UREY EXPERIMENT ORIGIN OF BIOSPHERE After a week, the water in the flask simulating the Scientists now think that early atmosphere composed ocean turned brown. mainly of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Amino acids Recreating the experiment with this knowledge produced only a few amino acids. Proving organic molecules could form under the conditions laid out in the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis. 68  HYDROTHERMAL VENTS ORIGIN OF BIOSPHERE Similar to geysers or hot springs. Occur along mid-ocean ridges. Seawater becomes super heated by magma. As pressure builds, it dissolves minerals and rise towards the surface. Hot mineral-rich water exit and mix with the seawater. Minerals cool and solidify into vent structures. Hydrothermal Vent Formation. https://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/feature/the-discovery-of-hydrothermal-vents/ 69 ORIGIN OF BIOSPHERE HYDROTHERMAL VENTS Black Smokers Emit the hottest, darkest plumes Black Smoker. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/vents.htm High in sulfur White Smoker Emit cooler plumes Rich in Barium, Calcium, and Silicon Seeps White Smoker. https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/microbes/white-smo Vents with even cooler and weaker flows ker “Shimmery” due to temperature or bubble due to gases such as carbon dioxide. 70 Seeps. https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/47648/from-cold-seeps-to-hyd  PANSPERMIA? ORIGIN OF BIOSPHERE Suggests that life came from outside Earth. Carried to Earth via meteoroids or other space bodies. Heavily debated No signs of life elsewhere. Bacteria should be coming from nearby space bodies Space is hostile to life 71