Solid Dosage Forms Orientation Lecture 9 Fall 2024 PDF

Orientation to Pharmacy  Solid Dosage Forms Solid dosage forms are the most common dosage forms in use. Granules Powders Tablets Capsules  Solid Dosage Forms Advantages...

Orientation to Pharmacy  Solid Dosage Forms Solid dosage forms are the most common dosage forms in use. Granules Powders Tablets Capsules  Solid Dosage Forms Advantages Increased stability.1 Ease of packaging, storage and dispensing.2 Convenience (small size, no bitter taste).3 Allow accurate dosing..4 Disadvantages Difficult to swallow.1 Have a slow onset of action.2 May be degraded by the acidic contents in.3 the stomach. Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin  Powders & Granules Powders Granules Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin  Powders Are solid dosage form composed of homogenous dispersion of dry, finely divided solid particles intended for internal (oral administration) or external use (application to the skin). It usually consists of two or more powdered drugs and excipients. When used internally, they should be dissolved in water before ingestion. Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin  Granules Are the solid dosage form composed of powder particles that aggregated to form large free-flowing aggregates (granules). They are irregularly shaped but may be prepared to be spherical or elongated with a particle size ranging from 2-4 mm diameter. Swallowed with water or dissolved in water before use. Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin  Tablets ❖ Solid dosage forms intended for oral administration, containing one or more drug substances with suitable excipients. ❖ Tablets are available in different shapes such as: round, oval, oblong, cylindrical or triangular. ❖ They also differ in size and weight depending on the amount of drug substance present and the intended method of administration. Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin  Chewable tablets Enteric coated tablets Types Effervescent tablets Film-coated tablets of tablets Sublingual tablets Sugar coated tablets Buccal tablets Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin Chewable tablets Intended to be chewed prior to swallowing. The drug is not dissolved in the mouth but swallowed and dissolves in the stomach or intestine. Types of They are convenient for: tablets ✓ patients who have difficulty in swallowing. ✓ for children. Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin  Buccal tablets Sublingual tablets ❑ Medications are administered ❑ Administered by placing them in by placing them in the mouth the mouth under the tongue between the gum and the check ❑ Sublingual tablets dissolve ❑ Designed to dissolve slowly. rapidly and result in a quick action of drugs. ❑ E.g., Nitroglycerin : used for the rapid relief of angina. In both, the medication dissolve and are absorbed through the mucous membranes of the mouth, where they enter into the blood stream. Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin Effervescent tablets Contain: 1. Drug substance 2. Organic acid (citric & tartaric acids) 3. Carbonates or bicarbonates. React rapidly in the presence of water by Typesthat releasing carbon dioxide of acts as a tablets disintegrator and produces effervescence. Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin  Types of Coated Tablets 1..Sugar-coated Tablets (SCT) 2. Film-coated Tablets (FCT) 3. Enteric-coated Tablets (ECT) Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin  Sugar-Coated Tablets (SCT) Compressed tablets coated with a thick film of concentrated sugar solution and may be colored for elegance appearance. Helpful in masking the bitter taste or bad odor of many drugs. Protect materials sensitive to atmospheric oxidation. Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin  Film-Coated Tablets (FCT) Compressed tablets covered with a thin layer (film) of a water-soluble material. Film coating gives: Same general characteristics.1 as sugar coating. Suitable for diabetic patients..2 Better protection of drugs.3 than sugar coating. Reduced time required for the.4 coating operation. Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin  Enteric-Coated Tablets (ECT) Compressed tablets coated with substances that resist solution in gastric fluid but disintegrate in the intestine. ECT are generally used for drugs that are inactivated or destroyed in the stomach. Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin  In stomach: Coat resist degradation Enteric coated tablets and protect the tablet In intestine: Coat dissolve and drug comes out  Lozenges Solid drug dosage forms intended to be dissolved slowly in the mouth. Have local effect. The main use is the treatment of mouth and throat infections. Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin  Capsules Solid dosage forms in which drug substance is enclosed within a small shell or container generally prepared from a suitable form of gelatin. Types of Capsules Types of tablets Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin  Hard Gelatin capsule Soft Gelatin capsule “two pieces capsule” “one piece capsule” Primarily used for ▪ Normally used for dry, ▪ Oils(a powdered ingredients And for active (b ingredients that are dissolved or suspended in oil. Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin Complete: The ………………………. capsules may contain a liquid.1 preparation. …………………… are small tablets, dissolve slowly in the.2 buccal cavity. Solid dosage forms in which drug is enclosed in soluble.3 container of gelatin are called ………………………… …………………are used for drugs that are inactivated in.4 the stomach. ……………… is an example of bulk powder..5 Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin  Semi-solid Dosage Forms Those dosage forms are too thick to be considered a liquid dosage form and not solid enough to be considered a solid dosage form. Examples  Ointments Semi-solid, greasy, translucent preparations. For topical application on body surfaces as protectives & emollients to the skin. Ointments also may be applied to the eye or eyelids (should be sterile and isotonic). Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin  Creams Semi-solid emulsions with opaque appearance Types: 1) Oil-in-water (O/W) 2) Water-in-oil (W/O) composed of small droplets composed of small droplets of oil dispersed in a of water dispersed in a continuous aqueous phase. continuous oily phase more comfortable WHY ? more moisturizing WHY ? as they are less greasy & more as they provide an oily easily washed off using water barrier which reduces water loss from the skin e.g., shaving creams, hand creams & foundation creams e.g., cold creams & emollient creams Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin  Some of the differences between cream and ointment: 1. Creams have better patient acceptability due to less greasiness and washability (if O/W) 2. Creams has “creamy white” opaque Appearance as contrasted with translucent ointments Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin  Gels are transparent or translucent non-greasy semisolid preparation usually applied externally. Gels are usually classified according to their use into: 1- Medicated gels (analgesics and anesthetics) 2- Lubricating gels (catheter gel) 3- Cosmetics gels (hair gel) Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin  Pastes Semisolid dosage forms containing high concentrations of insoluble powder (usually not less than 50%). Pastes are like ointments but are stiffer, less greasy and applied more thickly. E.g., toothpaste Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin  Poultice (Cataplasm) It is soft, viscous, pasty semisolid preparation for external use. applied to skin while they are hot. intended to supply warmth to inflamed parts of body to reduce inflammation e.g., Kaolin poultice (B.P.C.) Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin  Complete: 1. Foundation cream is an example of ………………………. 2. Eye ointments should be … … … … … and … … … … … … 3. … … … … … … … ….. is an example of pastes. 4. … … … … … … are transparent or translucent non- greasy semisolid preparation usually applied externally. 5. … … … … … … … is an example of cataplasm. Amal S. M. Abu El-Enin