Pharmacy Career PDF

## Pharmacy Career **Pharmacy Career is divided into:** **A) Patient Related Services** 1. **Direct activities including:** * Community pharmacy * Clinical pharmacy * Hospital pharmacy 2. **Indirect activities including:** * Drug promotion * Family planning programs * N...

## Pharmacy Career **Pharmacy Career is divided into:** **A) Patient Related Services** 1. **Direct activities including:** * Community pharmacy * Clinical pharmacy * Hospital pharmacy 2. **Indirect activities including:** * Drug promotion * Family planning programs * National health projects "Dehydration Treatment Program" * Prevention measures for epidemic diseases **B) Drug Related Services** 1. **Innovating New Drugs** * Screening for effectiveness & safety, formulation, production and distribution. 2. **Production:** * Of drugs, vaccines, blood products, veterinary drugs and cosmetics. 3. **Ensure Drug Quality:** * Good manufacturing practice (GMP), validation, quality assurance and quality control. ## What can a licensed pharmacist do? **✓ Professional Fields:** 1. Governmental Employment 2. Community Pharmacy 3. Hospital Pharmacy 4. Military Field 5. Industrial Field 6. Academic Field 7. Training of Other Health-Care Workers 8. Radiologic and Nuclear Pharmacy 9. Cosmetic field 10. Veterinary Pharmacy ## 1. Government Employed Pharmacist **Works in:** I. Egyptian Drug Authority: **✓ Pharmacists' Responsibilities:** * Health and drug policies * Pharmacy laws and regulations * Approval, Registration, and quality control of new drugs, new drug products, cosmetics and medical devices. * Drug pricing * Licensing (for factories and pharmacies) * Inspection * Selection of essential drugs for governmental hospitals & pharmacies. * Distributing drugs to governmental hospitals & pharmacies. ## Registration and approval of new drug products **✓ After innovating New drug product -> Several studies are performed before approval and registration of new drug.** **Studies are performed on two main steps:** 1. **Animal Studies:** IF Safe & Effective 2. **Clinical Studies (trials on humans):** * **Divided into Three Phases:** * **Phase I:** On few healthy volunteers * **Phase II:** On little number of patients. * **Phase III:** On a large number of patients. **IF Safe & Effective The product is approved** ## II. Family Planning Sectors **✓ Pharmacist should:** * Provide Information about different methods of contraception (contraceptive pills, loops, etc…) * Provide Information about how to choose the appropriate method for each couple. * Advice mothers about child care. ## III. National Health projects. * **Ex: National Control of Diarrheal Diseases Project** **✓ Pharmacists’ Responsibilities:** * Advise about causes of diarrhea & how to avoid. * Inform about dehydration. * Recommend oral re-hydration therapy. * **Ex: National Control of Breast Cancer Project** **✓ Pharmacists’ Responsibilities:** * Awareness of Breast cancer. * Advise about causes of Breast cancer & how to avoid. * How to diagnose Breast cancer. ## IV. Forensic Field **✓ Pharmacists use their knowledge about:** * Toxic natural products. * Toxic chemicals. * Chemical analysis techniques. * Morphologic and microscopic characterization of different plants. ## 2. Community Pharmacy **✓ Health professionals most accessible to public.** **Community Pharmacists’ Responsibilities:** 1. Dispensing prescribed drug products. 2. Compounding prescriptions to meet the specific needs of individual patients. 3. Packaging and labelling of the product. 4. Give advice on the treatment of minor health problems. 5. Suggest OTC medicine. 6. Patient monitoring. 7. Minimize drug abuse and misuse. 8. Maximize intended benefits of drug therapy. 9. Minimize unintended side effects. ## Community Pharmacists need well developed professional skills and management skills 1. Communication & social skills. 2. Economic & business administration skills. 3. Management skills. ## 3. Hospital Pharmacy **I. Services in the hospital pharmacy** 1. Dispensing medication to in-patient and out-patient. 2. Management of drug distribution in the hospital. 3. Prepare sterile solutions and radiopharmaceuticals. 4. Advise patients and professionals (if requested) on the proper use of drugs. 5. Member in policy-making committee (PMC) responsible for: * Drug selection. * Use of antibiotics. * Hospital infection. **II. Clinical services in the hospital** **Clinical Pharmacists’ Responsibilities** 1. Patients profile. 2. Selection of drug product to be given to the patient. 3. Calculation of proper doses and monitor dose & dose regimen. 4. Dose adjustment. 5. Screening of drug response and side effects. 6. Prevention of drug interactions. 7. Prevention of drug - food - smoking - lab tests interactions. 8. Patient counseling. 9. Advise patients about the proper use of drugs. 10. Prepare sterile solutions. 11. Drug information centre. 12. Clinical screening studies (3rd phase). 13. Pharmacy and pharmacology committee to select drug products. ## To perform these activities a clinical pharmacist needs deep knowledge about: 1. Medical terminology, anatomy, physiology, histology and pathology. 2. Diseases, diagnosis, clinical pharmacy practice and drug therapeutics. 3. Biopharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacokinetics. 4. Social and behavioral sciences and communication skills. ## 4. Military Pharmacy Field **Military Pharmacist Responsibilities:** 1. Manufacture of generic drug products. 2. Distribute drugs to military areas and hospitals. 3. Dispense drugs to army personnel. 4. Monitor any drug side effect in the army field. 5. Provide drug-related information. **✓ N.B:** * **Military pharmacist** shares the responsibilities of: * Industrial pharmacist * Community pharmacist. * Hospital and clinical pharmacist. * But serves in the army, navy or air forces. ## 5. Industrial Pharmacy **Pharmacists in industry can hold positions in:** 1. Manufacturing and production. 2. Quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA). 3. Research and development (R&D). 4. Drug information. 5. Sales and marketing. 6. Clinical trials and post-marketing surveys. 7. Management. ## Drug Promotion **General Managers** * **Marketing Managers** * Product Manager * Supervisor * Senior * Medical Representative * **Sales Manager** * Area Manager * Supervisor * Senior * Medical Representative **✓ Medical representation about a drug product to physician, pharmacists and hospitals.** **✓ A trainer -> who is responsible for:** * Medical representatives presenting certain products in his team. * Applying the marketing plan. * Achieve the sales target. **✓ Supervisors -> for supervising med. reps to organize the sales a certain geographic area** **✓ Marketing Managers:** * Put the plan for marketing a group of products or all products over 1-5 years. **✓ Afford:** * Researches. * Drug-related scientific information. * Brochures medical background. * Post marketing observations **✓ General Managers:** * Plan, control and monitor all activities in the company marketing. ## 6. Academic Field **Academic Activities** 1. **Education:** * For undergraduate students. * For postgraduate students. * In continuous education programs. 2. **Research** 3. **Environmental and community services.** ## 7. Training of other health care workers **Training for others include topics such as:** 1. Promoting the rational use of drugs. 2. Promoting ways to reduce drug abuse. 3. Optimization of drug therapy. 4. Drug storage and stability. ## 8. Radiological and Nuclear Pharmacy **✓ Radiopharmaceuticals are used in:** * i) Diagnosis. * ii) Treatment. **Pharmacists’ Responsibilities:** 1. Formulation of radioactive substances and dosage forms preparation. 2. Dose calculation of radiopharmaceuticals. 3. Storage of radioactive substances. 4. Safe disposal of radioactive substances. ## 9. Cosmetic field **✓ Pharmacists are properly educated to:** 1. Manufacture safe cosmetic products. 2. Quality control on the cosmetics. 3. Research for developing better quality and safer cosmetic products. ## 10. Veterinary field **✓ A licensed pharmacist can produce, process and dispense veterinary medicine.** ## Seven-Star pharmacist * Teacher * Care Giver * Communicator * Leader * Manager * Life-long learner * Decision-Maker ## Organizations **Pharmacists work according to the guidelines of International and National organizations** **A) International Organizations** 1. World Health Organization (WHO). 2. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 3. United Nations Division of Narcotic Drugs. 4. International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). **B) National Organizations** 1. Egyptian Syndicate of Pharmacist (ESP). 2. Egyptian Pharmaceutical Society (EPS). 3. Egyptian Society of Hospital Pharmacists (ESHP). 4. National Pharmacopoeia Committee. ## A. International Organizations 1. **World Health Organization (WHO)** * It is the organization responsible for health care all over the world. 2. **Food and Drug Administration (FDA)** * Responsible for the quality of food and drug in the United States of America. * No drugs are approved or licensed by FDA unless they are proven to be highly safe and effective. 3. **United Nations Division of Narcotic Drugs** * A division of the United Nations Office on Drug and Crime (UNODC). * Responsible for the regulations of the use and abuse of narcotic drugs. 4. **International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP)** * Global federation of national associations of pharmacists and pharmaceutical scientists. * Responsible for advancing pharmacy practice and science.