Cell Organelles Summary Chart PDF

CELL ORGANELLES Organelle: Nickname: Location: Function: contains the DNA; controls all functions of the Nucleus...

CELL ORGANELLES Organelle: Nickname: Location: Function: contains the DNA; controls all functions of the Nucleus "The Boss" usually the center of the cell cell separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell; Nuclear MB surrounds the nucleus has nuclear pores to allow some (but not all) molecules to pass in and out they are made up of proteins and DNA. DNA is the genetic information that contains the Chromatin "The Blueprints" inside the nucleus instructions (or the recipe) the cell needs to synthesize needed molecules Nucleolus inside the nucleus synthesizes the ribosomes produces ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate) Mitochondrion "The Powerhouse" in the cytoplasm molecules for energy by a process called aerobic respiration Rough E.R. in the cytoplasm synthesizes proteins Smooth E.R. in the cytoplasm synthesizes lipids; detoxifies the cell attached to the rough E.R. & free in the Ribosomes synthesizes proteins cytoplasm packages the molecules the cell has produced in Golgi Apparatus "UPS" in the cytoplasm vesicles, & "tags" the vesicle vesicle that contains digestive enzymes; when it Lysosome "The Stomach" in the cytoplasm merges with another vesicle, it breaks down its contents breaks down fatty acids and other substrates by Peroxisome in the cytoplasm oxidative reactions they are membrane-bound sacs that store Vesicles "Storage Unit" in the cytoplasm molecules produced by the cell or brought into the cell they are membrane-bound sacs that will merge with the plasma membrane to release (or Secretory Vesicles in the cytoplasm secrete) the molecule inside of it to the outside of the cell separates what is inside the cell from what is Plasma Membrane Cell Membrane surrounds the cell outside the cell; is selectively permeable, decides what is allowed to pass through made up of a network of protein filaments and Cytoskeleton "The Skeleton" in the cytoplasm microtubules to give the cell shape and assist in transporting vesicles in the cell provide support for the cell to maintain its shape; Microtubules also is a component of the centrioles, cilia & flagella  composed of microtubules; plays role in cell Centrioles in the cytoplasm division composed of microtubules; many per cell; beat Cilia on the cell's surface back and forth to move fluid on the cell's surface composed of microtubules; whips back and forth Flagella "The Tail" projects from the cell's surface to propel the cell forward; for humans, only one per sperm cell; for bacteria, one to three per cell Microvilli on the cell's surface increases the surface area on the free surface fills with water and then contracts to expel that in the cytoplasm of most protists and Contractile Vacuole water to the outside of the cell to prevent these some fungi cells from rupturing due to osmotic pressure prevents cell from rupturing due to pressure Cell Wall covers the outside of plant cells caused by water site of photosynthesis or storage of molecules; Plastids in the cytoplasm of plant cells includes chloroplasts, leucoplasts, amyloplasts and chromoplasts contains chlorophyll which absorbs energy from Chloroplasts in the cytoplasm of plant cells the sun and synthesizes glucose (photosynthesis) contains color pigments, typically yellow or Chromoplasts in the cytoplasm of plant cells orange Amyloplasts in the cytoplasm of plant cells site of starch storage fills with water to provide pressure against the Central Vacuole in the center of plant cells cell wall to give the plant support © This document was created by Tracie Rizan Bates. It is to be used by students for their own personal use only. All copyright laws apply and violators will be prosecuted.