Oral Agents for Diabetes Part 4.docx

\#\#\# \*\*Slide 27: Metformin - Combinations and Clinical Pearls\*\* 1\. \*\*Which of the following is a common combination therapy involving metformin?\*\* \- A. Metformin + glyburide \- B. Metformin + aspirin \- C. Metformin + beta-blockers \- D. Metformin + antihistamines \*\*Answer:\*\* A...

\#\#\# \*\*Slide 27: Metformin - Combinations and Clinical Pearls\*\* 1\. \*\*Which of the following is a common combination therapy involving metformin?\*\* \- A. Metformin + glyburide \- B. Metformin + aspirin \- C. Metformin + beta-blockers \- D. Metformin + antihistamines \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Metformin + glyburide 2\. \*\*What is the main benefit of combining metformin with other oral agents in Type 2 Diabetes management?\*\* \- A. Prevents the need for lifestyle changes \- B. Enhances glycemic control without increasing hypoglycemia risk \- C. Eliminates the need for monitoring \- D. Increases the risk of gastrointestinal side effects \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Enhances glycemic control without increasing hypoglycemia risk 3\. \*\*When should metformin be discontinued in patients?\*\* \- A. When initiating insulin therapy \- B. When blood glucose levels are normal \- C. When eGFR falls below 30 mL/min/1.73m² \- D. When patients experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort \*\*Answer:\*\* C. When eGFR falls below 30 mL/min/1.73m² \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 28: Sulfonylureas - Dosing and Adverse Effects\*\* 1\. \*\*Which sulfonylurea is preferred in patients with renal insufficiency due to its inactive metabolites?\*\* \- A. Glyburide \- B. Glipizide \- C. Chlorpropamide \- D. Tolbutamide \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Glipizide 2\. \*\*What is the primary mechanism by which sulfonylureas lower blood glucose levels?\*\* \- A. Decrease glucose absorption in the intestines \- B. Increase insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells \- C. Inhibit glucagon secretion \- D. Decrease hepatic glucose production \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Increase insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells 3\. \*\*Which of the following is a common adverse effect of sulfonylureas, especially in elderly patients?\*\* \- A. Weight loss \- B. Hypoglycemia \- C. Hypertension \- D. Diarrhea \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Hypoglycemia \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 29: Sulfonylureas - Contraindications and Clinical Pearls\*\* 1\. \*\*Which sulfonylurea is considered safe to use in pregnancy?\*\* \- A. Glipizide \- B. Glyburide \- C. Chlorpropamide \- D. Glimepiride \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Glyburide 2\. \*\*Which of the following is a contraindication for sulfonylurea use?\*\* \- A. Mild hepatic impairment \- B. Hypoglycemic unawareness \- C. Gastrointestinal disturbances \- D. Hypertension \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Hypoglycemic unawareness 3\. \*\*Which patient population should receive lower starting doses of sulfonylureas due to an increased risk of hypoglycemia?\*\* \- A. Pediatric patients \- B. Pregnant women \- C. Elderly patients \- D. Patients with hyperthyroidism \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Elderly patients \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 30: Meglitinides - Mechanism and Use\*\* 1\. \*\*Meglitinides primarily target which aspect of blood glucose control?\*\* \- A. Fasting plasma glucose \- B. Postprandial glucose \- C. Basal insulin levels \- D. Insulin resistance \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Postprandial glucose 2\. \*\*What is the mechanism of action of meglitinides like repaglinide?\*\* \- A. Increase insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle \- B. Stimulate insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner \- C. Block glucose absorption in the gastrointestinal tract \- D. Decrease hepatic glucose production \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Stimulate insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner 3\. \*\*What is a key clinical consideration when prescribing meglitinides to patients?\*\* \- A. Administer the drug only with meals \- B. Give at bedtime \- C. Combine with insulin to maximize effectiveness \- D. Avoid use in patients with Type 1 Diabetes \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Administer the drug only with meals